Fastest mixing Markov chain on graphs with symmetries

Abstract: We show how to exploit symmetries of a graph to efficiently compute the fastest mixing Markov chain on the graph (i.e., find the transition probabilities on the edges to minimize the second-largest eigenvalue modulus of the transition probability matrix). Exploiting symmetry can lead to significant reduction in both the number of variables and the size of matrices in the corresponding semidefinite program, thus enable numerical solution of large-scale instances that are otherwise computationally infeasible. We obtain analytic or semi-analytic results for particular classes of graphs, such as edge-transitive and distance-transitive graphs. We describe two general approaches for symmetry exploitation, based on orbit theory and block-diagonalization, respectively. We also establish the connection between these two approaches.


Counting and Locating the Solutions of Polynomial Systems of Maximum Likelihood Equations, II: The Behrens-Fisher Problem

Abstract: Let $\mu$ be a $p$-dimensional vector, and let $\Sigma_1$ and $\Sigma_2$ be $p \times p$ positive definite covariance matrices. On being given random samples of sizes $N_1$ and $N_2$ from independent multivariate normal populations $N_p(\mu,\Sigma_1)$ and $N_p(\mu,\Sigma_2)$, respectively, the Behrens-Fisher problem is to solve the likelihood equations for estimating the unknown parameters $\mu$, $\Sigma_1$, and $\Sigma_2$. We shall prove that for $N_1, N_2 > p$ there are, almost surely, exactly $2p+1$ complex solutions of the likelihood equations. For the case in which $p = 2$, we utilize Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the relative frequency with which a typical Behrens-Fisher problem has multiple real solutions; we find that multiple real solutions occur infrequently.


The Morse-Bott inequalities via dynamical systems

Abstract: Let $f:M \to \mathbb{R}$ be a Morse-Bott function on a compact smooth finite dimensional manifold $M$. The polynomial Morse inequalities and an explicit perturbation of $f$ defined using Morse functions $f_j$ on the critical submanifolds $C_j$ of $f$ show immediately that $MB_t(f) = P_t(M) + (1+t)R(t)$, where $MB_t(f)$ is the Morse-Bott polynomial of $f$ and $P_t(M)$ is the Poincar\'e polynomial of $M$. We prove that $R(t)$ is a polynomial with nonnegative integer coefficients by showing that the number of gradient flow lines of the perturbation of $f$ between two critical points $p,q \in C_j$ coincides with the number of gradient flow lines between $p$ and $q$ of the Morse function $f_j$. This leads to a relationship between the kernels of the Morse-Smale-Witten boundary operators associated to the Morse functions $f_j$ and the perturbation of $f$. This method works when $M$ and all the critical submanifolds are oriented or when $\mathbb{Z}_2$ coefficients are used.


Fault Tolerance in Cellular Automata at High Fault Rates

Abstract: A commonly used model for fault-tolerant computation is that of cellular automata. The essential difficulty of fault-tolerant computation is present in the special case of simply remembering a bit in the presence of faults, and that is the case we treat in this paper. We are concerned with the degree (the number of neighboring cells on which the state transition function depends) needed to achieve fault tolerance when the fault rate is high (nearly 1/2). We consider both the traditional transient fault model (where faults occur independently in time and space) and a recently introduced combined fault model which also includes manufacturing faults (which occur independently in space, but which affect cells for all time). We also consider both a purely probabilistic fault model (in which the states of cells are perturbed at exactly the fault rate) and an adversarial model (in which the occurrence of a fault gives control of the state to an omniscient adversary). We show that there are cellular automata that can tolerate a fault rate $1/2 - \xi$ (with $\xi>0$) with degree $O((1/\xi^2)\log(1/\xi))$, even with adversarial combined faults. The simplest such automata are based on infinite regular trees, but our results also apply to other structures (such as hyperbolic tessellations) that contain infinite regular trees. We also obtain a lower bound of $\Omega(1/\xi^2)$, even with purely probabilistic transient faults only.


$k$-Ribbon Fibonacci Tableaux

Abstract: We extend the notion of $k$-ribbon tableaux to the Fibonacci lattice, a differential poset defined by R. Stanley in 1975. Using this notion, we describe an insertion algorithm that takes $k$-colored permutations to pairs of $k$-ribbon Fibonacci tableaux of the same shape, and we demonstrate a color-to-spin property, similar to that described by Shimozono and White for ribbon tableaux. We give an evacuation algorithm which relates the pair of $k$-ribbon Fibonacci tableaux obtained through the insertion algorithm to the pair of $k$-ribbon Fibonacci tableaux obtained using Fomin's growth diagrams. In addition, we present an analogue of Knuth relations for $k$-colored permutations and $k$-ribbon Fibonacci tableaux.


Multiloop realization of extended affine Lie algebras and Lie tori

Abstract: An important theorem in the theory of infinite dimensional Lie algebras states that any affine Kac-Moody algebra can be realized (that is to say constructed explicitly) using loop algebras. In this paper, we consider the corresponding problem for a class of Lie algebras called extended affine Lie algebras (EALAs) that generalize affine algebras. EALAs occur in families that are constructed from centreless Lie tori, so the realization problem for EALAs reduces to the realization problem for centreless Lie tori. We show that all but one family of centreless Lie tori can be realized using multiloop algebras (in place of loop algebras). We also obtain necessary and sufficient for two centreless Lie tori realized in this way to be isotopic, a relation that corresponds to isomorphism of the corresponding families of EALAs.


A characterization of the rational normal curve

Abstract: We give a characterization of the rational normal curve in terms of the rank function associated to a curve.


Self-injective algebras and the second Hochschild cohomology group

Abstract: In this paper we study the second Hochschild cohomology group ${HH}^2(\Lambda)$ of a finite dimensional algebra $\Lambda$. In particular, we determine ${HH}^2(\Lambda)$ where $\Lambda$ is a finite dimensional self-injective algebra of finite representation type over an algebraically closed field $K$ and show that this group is zero for most such $\Lambda$; we give a basis for ${HH}^2(\Lambda)$ in the few cases where it is not zero.


The combinatorics of associated Hermite polynomials

Abstract: We develop a combinatorial model of the associated Hermite polynomials and their moments, and prove their orthogonality with a sign-reversing involution. We find combinatorial interpretations of the moments as complete matchings, connected complete matchings, oscillating tableaux, and rooted maps and show weight-preserving bijections between these objects. Several identities, linearization formulas, the moment generating function, and a second combinatorial model are also derived.


On the Embeddability of Skeleta of Spheres

Abstract: We consider a generalization of the van Kampen-Flores Theorem and relate it to the long-standing $g$-conjecture for simplicial spheres.


Some discretizations of geometric evolution equations and the Ricci iteration on the space of Kahler metrics, I

Abstract: In this article and in its sequel we propose the study of certain discretizations of geometric evolution equations as an approach to the study of the existence problem of some elliptic partial differential equations of a geometric nature as well as a means to obtain interesting dynamics on certain infinite-dimensional spaces. We illustrate the fruitfulness of this approach in the context of the Ricci flow, as well as another flow, in Kahler geometry. We introduce and study dynamical systems related to the Ricci operator on the space of Kahler metrics that arise as discretizations of these flows. We pose some problems regarding their dynamics. We point out a number of applications to well-studied objects in Kahler and conformal geometry such as constant scalar curvature metrics, Kahler-Ricci solitons, Nadel-type multiplier ideal sheaves, balanced metrics, the Moser-Trudinger-Onofri inequality, energy functionals and the geometry and structure of the space of Kahler metrics. E.g., we obtain a new sharp inequality strengthening the classical Moser-Trudinger-Onofri inequality on the two-sphere.


Teichm\"uller Spaces and Bundles with Negatively Curved Fibers

Abstract: We study the Teichm\"uller space of negatively curved metrics on a high dimensional manifold, with applications to bundles with negatively curved fibers.


Classification of Toric log Del Pezzo Surfaces having Picard Number 1 and Index $\le 3$

Abstract: Toric log Del Pezzo surfaces with Picard number 1 have been completely classified whenever their index is $\le 2$: In this paper we extend the classification for those having index 3: We prove that, up to isomorphism, there are exactly 18 surfaces of this kind.


Generalized solutions of the Cauchy problem for the Navier-Stokes system and diffusion processes

Abstract: We reduce the construction of a weak solution of the Cauchy problem for the Navier-Stokes system to the construction of a solution to a stochastic problem. Namely, we construct diffusion processes which allow us to obtain a probabilistic representation of a weak (in distributional sense) solution to the Cauchy problem for the Navier- Stokes system.


Empirical processes indexed by estimated functions

Abstract: We consider the convergence of empirical processes indexed by functions that depend on an estimated parameter $\eta$ and give several alternative conditions under which the ``estimated parameter'' $\eta_n$ can be replaced by its natural limit $\eta_0$ uniformly in some other indexing set $\Theta$. In particular we reconsider some examples treated by Ghoudi and Remillard [Asymptotic Methods in Probability and Statistics (1998) 171--197, Fields Inst. Commun. 44 (2004) 381--406]. We recast their examples in terms of empirical process theory, and provide an alternative general view which should be of wide applicability.


Evolution Strategies in Optimization Problems

Abstract: Evolution Strategies are inspired in biology and part of a larger research field known as Evolutionary Algorithms. Those strategies perform a random search in the space of admissible functions, aiming to optimize some given objective function. We show that simple evolution strategies are a useful tool in optimal control, permitting to obtain, in an efficient way, good approximations to the solutions of some recent and challenging optimal control problems.


Weyl asymptotics for magnetic Schr\"odinger operators and de Gennes' boundary condition

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the discrete spectrum of the self-adjoint realization of the semi-classical Schr\"odinger operator with constant magnetic field and associated with the de Gennes (Fourier/Robin) boundary condition. We derive an asymptotic expansion of the number of eigenvalues below the essential spectrum (Weyl-type asymptotics). The methods of proof relies on results concerning the asymptotic behavior of the first eigenvalue obtained in a previous work [A. Kachmar, J. Math. Phys. Vol. 47 (7) 072106 (2006)].


Critical scaling of stochastic epidemic models

Abstract: In the simple mean-field SIS and SIR epidemic models, infection is transmitted from infectious to susceptible members of a finite population by independent $p-$coin tosses. Spatial variants of these models are proposed, in which finite populations of size $N$ are situated at the sites of a lattice and infectious contacts are limited to individuals at neighboring sites. Scaling laws for both the mean-field and spatial models are given when the infection parameter $p$ is such that the epidemics are critical. It is shown that in all cases there is a critical threshold for the numbers initially infected: below the threshold, the epidemic evolves in essentially the same manner as its branching envelope, but at the threshold evolves like a branching process with a size-dependent drift.


A Dirac type result on Hamilton cycles in oriented graphs

Abstract: We show that for each \alpha>0 every sufficiently large oriented graph G with \delta^+(G),\delta^-(G)\ge 3|G|/8+ \alpha |G| contains a Hamilton cycle. This gives an approximate solution to a problem of Thomassen. In fact, we prove the stronger result that G is still Hamiltonian if \delta(G)+\delta^+(G)+\delta^-(G)\geq 3|G|/2 + \alpha |G|. Up to the term \alpha |G| this confirms a conjecture of H\"aggkvist. We also prove an Ore-type theorem for oriented graphs.


Introduction to Tropical Geometry (notes from the IMPA lectures in Summer 2007)

Abstract: These condensed notes treat some basic notions in Tropical Geometry (varieties, cycles, modifications, equivalence). These topics are to be extended, illustrated and included to the upcoming book project http://www.math.toronto.edu/mikha/book.pdf .


Disproof of modularity of moduli space of CY 3-folds of double covers of P3 ramified along eight planes in general positions

Abstract: We prove that the moduli space of Calabi-Yau 3-folds coming from eight planes of $P^3$ in general positions is not modular. In fact we show the stronger statement that the Zariski closure of the monodromy group is actually the whole $Sp(20,R)$. We construct an interesting submoduli, which we call \emph{hyperelliptic locus}, over which the weight 3 $Q$-Hodge structure is the third wedge product of the weight 1 $Q$-Hodge structure on the corresponding hyperelliptic curve. The non-extendibility of the hyperelliptic locus inside the moduli space of a genuine Shimura subvariety is proved.


Computational details on the disproof of modularity

Abstract: The purpose of these notes is to provide the details of the Jacobian ring computations carried out in [1], based on the computer algebra system Magma [2].


A new semilocal convergence theorem for the Weierstrass method from data at one point

Abstract: In this paper we present a new semilocal convergence theorem from data at one point for the Weierstrass iterative method for the simultaneous computation of polynomial zeros. The main result generalizes and improves all previous ones in this area.


A complex semigroup approach to group algebras of infinite dimensional Lie groups

Abstract: A host algebra of a topological group G is a C^*-algebra whose representations are in one-to-one correspondence with certain continuous unitary representations of G. In this paper we present an approach to host algebras for infinite dimensional Lie groups which is based on complex involutive semigroups. Any locally bounded absolute value \alpha on such a semigroup S leads in a natural way to a C^*-algebra C^*(S,\alpha), and we describe a setting which permits us to conclude that this C^*-algebra is a host algebra for a Lie group G. We further explain how to attach to any such host algebra an invariant weak-*-closed convex set in the dual of the Lie algebra of G enjoying certain nice convex geometric properties. If G is the additive group of a locally convex space, we describe all host algebras arising this way. The general non-commutative case is left for the future.


Lie groups of bundle automorphisms and their extensions

Abstract: We describe natural abelian extensions of the Lie algebra $\aut(P)$ of infinitesimal automorphisms of a principal bundle over a compact manifold $M$ and discuss their integrability to corresponding Lie group extensions. Already the case of a trivial bundle $P = M \times K$ is quite interesting. In this case, we show that essentially all central extensions of the gauge algebra $C^\infty(M,\fk)$ can be obtained from three fundamental types of cocycles with values in one of the spaces $\fz := C^\infty(M,V)$, $\Omega^1(M,V)$ and $\Omega^1(M,V)/\dd C^\infty(M,V)$. These cocycles extend to $\aut(P)$, and, under the assumption that $TM$ is trivial, we also describe the space $H^2({\cal V}(M),\fz)$ classifying the twists of these extensions. We then show that all fundamental types have natural generalizations to non-trivial bundles and explain under which conditions they extend to $\aut(P)$ and integrate to global Lie group extensions.


On convexity of the frequency response of a stable polynomial

Abstract: In the complex plane, the frequency response of a univariate polynomial is the set of values taken by the polynomial when evaluated along the imaginary axis. This is an algebraic curve partitioning the plane into several connected components. In this note it is shown that the component including the origin is exactly representable by a linear matrix inequality if and only if the polynomial is stable, in the sense that all its roots have negative real parts.


Semilocal convergence of two iterative methods for simultaneous computation of polynomial zeros

Abstract: In this paper we study some iterative methods for simultaneous approximation of polynomial zeros. We give new semilocal convergence theorems with error bounds for Ehrlich's and Nourein's iterations. Our theorems generalize and improve recent results of Zheng and Huang [J. Comput. Math. 18 (2000), 113--122], Petkovi\'c and Herceg [J. Comput. Appl. Math. 136 (2001), 283--307] and Nedi\'c [Novi Sad J. Math. 31 (2001), 103--111]. We also present a new sufficient condition for simple zeros of a polynomial.


Growth of Subharmonic Functions

Abstract: In this course of lectures we give an account of the growth theory of subharmonic functions, which is directed towards its applications to entire functions of one and several complex variables.


Two-scale homogenization of piezoelectric perforated structures

Abstract: We are interested in the homogenization of elastic-electric coupling equation, with rapidly oscillating coefficients, in periodically perforated piezoelectric body. We justify the two first terms in the usual asymptotic development of the problem solution. For the main convergence results of this paper, we use the notion of {\it two-scale convergence}. A two-scale homogenized system is obtained as the limit of the periodic problem. While in the static limit the method provides homogenized electroelastic coefficients whicht coincide with those deduced from other homogenization techniques (asymptotic homogenization, $\Gamma$-convergence).


On some asymptotically flat manifolds with non maximal volume growth

Abstract: Asymptotically flat manifolds with Euclidean volume growth are known to be ALE. In this paper, we consider a class of asymptotically flat manifolds with slower volume growth and prove that their asymptotic geometry is that of a fibration over an ALE manifold. In particular, we show that gravitational instantons with cubic volume growth are ALF.


The Horn conjecture for compact selfadjoint operators

Abstract: We determine the possible eigenvalues of compact selfadjoint operators A,B,C... with the property that A=B+C+... When all these operators are positive, the eigenvalues were known to be subject to certain inequalities which extend Horn's inequalities from the finite-dimensional case when A=B+C. We find the proper extension of the Horn inequalities and show that they, along with their reverse analogues, provide a complete characterization. Our results also allow us to discuss the more general situation where only some of the eigenvalues of the operators are specified. A special case is the requirement that B+C+... be positive of rank at most r.


Geometry of invariant domains in complex semi-simple Lie groups

Abstract: We investigate the joint action of two real forms of a semi-simple complex Lie group S by left and right multiplication. After analyzing the orbit structure, we study the CR structure of closed orbits. The main results are an explicit formula of the Levi form of closed orbits and the determination of the Levi cone of generic orbits. Finally, we apply these results to prove q-completeness of certain invariant domains in S.


Characterizations of Sobolev inequalities on metric spaces

Abstract: We present isocapacitary characterizations of Sobolev inequalities in very general metric measure spaces.


CR-Invariants and the Scattering Operator for Complex Manifolds with Boundary

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to describe certain CR-covariant differential operators on a strictly pseudoconvex CR manifold $M$ as residues of the scattering operator for the Laplacian on an ambient complex K\"{a}hler manifold $X$ having $M$ as a `CR-infinity.' We also characterize the CR $Q$-curvature in terms of the scattering operator. Our results parallel earlier results of Graham and Zworski \cite{GZ:2003}, who showed that if $X$ is an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold carrying a Poincar\'{e}-Einstein metric, the $Q$-curvature and certain conformally covariant differential operators on the `conformal infinity' $M$ of $X$ can be recovered from the scattering operator on $X$. The results in this paper were announced in \cite{HPT:2006}.


Deformation quantization for actions of the affine group

Abstract: We define a universal deformation formula (UDF) for the actions of the affine group on Frechet algebras. More precisely, starting with any associative Frechet algebra which the affine group acts on in a strongly continuous and isometrical manner, the UDF produces a family of topological associative algebra structures on the space of smooth vectors of the action deforming the initial product. The deformation field obtained is based over an infinite dimensional parameter space naturally associated with the space of pseudo-differential operators on the real line. This note also presents some geometrical aspects of the UDF and in particular its relation with hyperbolic geometry.


Bifurcation of the ACT map

Abstract: In this paper, we study the Arneodo-Coullet-Tresser map $ F(x,y,z)=(ax-b(y-z), bx+a(y-z), cx-dx^k+e z)$ where $a,b,c,d,e$ are real with $bd\neq 0$ and $k>1$ is an integer. We obtain stability regions for fixed points of $F$ and symmetric period-2 points while $c$ and $e$ vary as parameters. Varying $a$ and $e$ as parameters, we show that there is a hyperbolic invariant set on which $F$ is conjugate to the full shift on two or three symbols. We also show that chaotic behaviors of $F$ while $c$ and $d$ vary as parameters and $F$ is near an anti-integrable limit. Some numerical results indicates $F$ has Hopf bifurcation, strange attractors, and nested structure of invariant tori.


On the uniqueness of certain families of holomorphic disks

Abstract: A Zoll metric is a Riemannian metric whose geodesics are all circles of equal length. Via the twistor correspondence of LeBrun and Mason, a Zoll metric on the 2 dimensional sphere corresponds to a family of holomorphic disks in CP_2 with boundary in a totally real submanifold P. In this paper, we show that for a fixed totally real submanifold P, such a family is unique if it exists, implying that the twistor correspondence of LeBrun and Mason is injective. One of the key ingredients in the proof is the blow-up and blow-down constructions in the sense of Melrose.


Integral cohomology of certain Picard modular surfaces

Abstract: Let Gamma be a congruence subgroup of the Picard modular group of an imaginary number field k, and let D be the associated symmetric space. We describe a method to compute the integral cohomology of the locally symmetric space Gamma\D. The method is implemented for the case k=Q(i) and k=Q(sqrt(-3)), and the cohomology is computed for various Gamma.


Takai Duality for Crossed Products by Hilbert C*-bimodules

Abstract: We discuss the crossed product by the dual action of the circle on the crossed product of a C*-algebra A by a Hilbert C*-bimodule X. When X is an A-A Morita equivalence bimodule, the double crossed product is shown to be Morita equivalent to the C*-algebra A.


Some Monotonicity Properties of Gamma and $q$-gamma Functions

Abstract: We prove some properties of completely monotonic functions and apply them to obtain results on gamma and $q$-gamma functions.


Spectral numbers in Floer theories

Abstract: The chain complexes underlying Floer homology theories typically carry a real-valued filtration, allowing one to associate to each Floer homology class a spectral number defined as the infimum of the filtration levels of chains representing that class. These spectral numbers have been studied extensively in the case of Hamiltonian Floer homology by Oh, Schwarz, and others. We prove that the spectral number associated to any nonzero Floer homology class is always finite, and that the infimum in the definition of the spectral number is always attained. In the Hamiltonian case, this implies that what is known as the ``nondegenerate spectrality'' axiom holds on all closed symplectic manifolds. Our proofs are entirely algebraic and apply to any Floer-type theory (including Novikov homology) satisfying certain standard formal properties. The key ingredient is a theorem about the existence of best approximations of arbitrary elements of finitely generated free modules over Novikov rings by elements of prescribed submodules with respect to a certain family of non-Archimedean metrics.


Analysis on disconnected sets

Abstract: Some aspects of analysis on disconnected sets are briefly discussed, more along the lines of regions with infinitely many components than Cantor sets.


Almost solutions of equations in permutations

Abstract: We will say that the permutations f_1,...,f_n is an e-solution of an equation if the normalized Hamming distance between its l.h.p. and r.h.p. is less than e. We give a sufficient conditions when near to an e-solution exists an exact solution and some examples when there does not exist such a solution.


Parameter estimation in diagonalizable bilinear stochastic parabolic equations

Abstract: A parameter estimation problem is considered for a stochastic parabolic equation with multiplicative noise under the assumption that the equation can be reduced to an infinite system of uncoupled diffusion processes. From the point of view of classical statistics, this problem turns out to be singular not only for the original infinite-dimensional system but also for most finite-dimensional projections. This singularity can be exploited to improve the rate of convergence of traditional estimators as well as to construct completely new closed-form exact estimator.


Characterizing Heavy-Tailed Distributions Induced by Retransmissions

Abstract: Consider a generic data unit of random size L that needs to be transmitted over a channel of unit capacity. The channel availability dynamics is modeled as an i.i.d. sequence {A, A_i},i>0 that is independent of L. During each period of time that the channel becomes available, say A_i, we attempt to transmit the data unit. If L<A_i, the transmission was considered successful; otherwise, we wait for the next available period and attempt to retransmit the data from the beginning. We investigate the asymptotic properties of the number of retransmissions N and the total transmission time T until the data is successfully transmitted. In the context of studying the completion times in systems with failures where jobs restart from the beginning, it was shown that this model results in power law and, in general, heavy-tailed delays. The main objective of this paper is to uncover the detailed structure of this class of heavy-tailed distributions induced by retransmissions. More precisely, we study how the functional dependence between P[L>x] and P[A>x] impacts the distributions of N and T. In particular, we discover several functional criticality points that separate classes of different functional behavior of the distribution of N. We also discuss the engineering implications of our results on communication networks since retransmission strategy is a fundamental component of the existing network protocols on all communication layers, from the physical to the application one.


Euler-Bernoulli beams from a symmetry standpoint-characterization of equivalent equations

Abstract: We completely solve the equivalence problem for Euler-Bernoulli equation using Lie symmetry analysis. We show that the quotient of the symmetry Lie algebra of the Bernoulli equation by the infinite-dimensional Lie algebra spanned by solution symmetries is a representation of one of the following Lie algebras: $2A_1$, $A_1\oplus A_2$, $3A_1$, or $A_{3,3}\oplus A_1$. Each quotient symmetry Lie algebra determines an equivalence class of Euler-Bernoulli equations. Save for the generic case corresponding to arbitrary lineal mass density and flexural rigidity, we characterize the elements of each class by giving a determined set of differential equations satisfied by physical parameters (lineal mass density and flexural rigidity). For each class, we provide a simple representative and we explicitly construct transformations that maps a class member to its representative. The maximally symmetric class described by the four-dimensional quotient symmetry Lie algebra $A_{3,3}\oplus A_1$ corresponds to Euler-Bernoulli equations homeomorphic to the uniform one (constant lineal mass density and flexural rigidity) . We rigorously derive some non-trivial and non-uniform Euler-Bernoulli equations reducible to the uniform unit beam. Our models extend and emphasize the symmetry flavor of Gottlieb's iso-spectral beams (Proceedings of the Royal Society London A 413 (1987) 235-250)


Abstract: We study Brauer-Manin obstructions to integral points on open subsets of the projective plane.


iso-spectral Euler-Bernoulli beams \`a la Sophus Lie

Abstract: We obtain iso-spectral Euler-Bernoulli beams by using factorization and Lie symmetry techniques. The canonical Euler-Bernoulli beam operator is factorized as the product of a second-order linear differential operator and its adjoint. The factors are then reversed to obtain iso-spectral beams. The factorization is possible provided the coefficients of the factors satisfy a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations . The uncoupling of this system yields a single non-linear third-order ordinary differential equation. This ordinary differential equation, refer to as the {\it principal equation}, is analyzed and solved using Lie group methods. We show that the principal equation may admit a one-dimensional or three-dimensional symmetry Lie algebra. When the principal system admits a unique symmetry, the best we can do is to depress its order by one. We obtain a one-parameter family of solutions in this case. The maximally symmetric case is shown to be isomorphic to a Chazy equation which is solved in closed form to derive the general solution of the principal equation.


On a class of weighted anisotropic Sobolev inequalities

Abstract: In this article, motivated by a work of Caffarelli and Cordoba in phase transitions analysis, we prove new weighted anisotropic Sobolev type inequalities, that is Sobolev type inequalities where different derivatives have different weight functions. The inequalities we are dealing with, are also intimately connected to weighted Sobolev inequalities for Grushin type operators, the weights being not necessarily Muckenhoupt. For example we consider here Sobolev inequalities on finite cylinders, the weights being different powers of the distance function from the top and the bottom of the cylinder. We also prove similar inequalities in the more general case in which the weight is the distance function from an higher codimension part of the boundary.


On equitable zero sums

Abstract: It is well-known that any sequence of at least N integers contains a subsequence whose sum is 0 (mod N). However, there can be very few subsequences with this property (e.g. if the initial sequence is just N 1's, then there is only one subsequence). When the length L of the sequence is much longer, we might expect that there are 2^L/N subsequences with this property (imagine the subsequences have sum-of-terms uniformly distributed modulo N -- the 0 class gets about 2^L/N subsequences); however, it is easy to see that this is actually false. Nonetheless, we are able to prove that if the initial sequence has length at least 4N, and N is odd, then there is a subsequence of length L > N, having at least 2^L/N subsequences that sum to 0 mod N.


Isotopy for extended affine Lie algebras and Lie tori

Abstract: Centreless Lie tori have been used by E. Neher to construct all extended affine Lie algebras (EALAs). In this article, we study notions of isotopes and isotopy for centreless Lie tori, and we use these notions, along with Neher's construction, to show that there is a 1-1 correspondence between centreless Lie tori up to isotopy and families of EALAs up to isomorphism. Also, centreless Lie tori can be coordinatized by unital algebras that are in general nonassociative, and, for many types of centreless Lie tori, there are classical notions of isotopes and isotopy for the coordinate algebras. We show for those types that an isotope of the Lie torus is coordinatized by an isotope of its coordinate algebra. In writing the article, we have not assumed prior knowledge of the theories of EALAs, Lie tori or isotopy. In fact, we hope that this article will help to introduce the reader to these theories and their interconnections.


A refinement of Sharkovskii's theorem on orbit types characterized by two parameters

Abstract: The so-called type problem or forcing problem is considered as a way to generalize Sharkovskii's theorem. In this paper, by focusing on certain types of orbits, we obtain a solution of the type problem, which gives a refinement of Sharkovskii's theorem on orbit types characterized by two parameters.


Orbit equivalence of one-sided subshifts and the associated C^*-algebras

Abstract: A $\lambda$-graph system ${\frak L}$ is a generalization of a finite labeled graph and presents a subshift. We will prove that the topological dynamical systems $(X_{{\frak L}_1},\sigma_{{\frak L}_1})$ and $(X_{{\frak L}_2},\sigma_{{\frak L}_2})$ for $\lambda$-graph systems ${\frak L}_1$ and ${\frak L}_2$ are continuously orbit equivalent if and only if there exists an isomorphism between the associated $C^*$-algebras ${\Cal O}_{{\frak L}_1}$ and ${\Cal O}_{{\frak L}_2}$ keeping their commutative $C^*$-subalgebras $C(X_{{\frak L}_1})$ and $C(X_{{\frak L}_2})$. It is also equivalent to the condition that there exists a homeomorphism from $X_{{\frak L}_1}$ to $X_{{\frak L}_2}$ intertwining their topological full inverse semigroups. In particular, one-sided subshifts $X_{\Lambda_1}$ and $X_{\Lambda_2}$ are $\lambda$-continuously orbit equivalent if and only if there exists an isomorphism between the associated $C^*$-algebras ${\Cal O}_{\Lambda_1}$ and ${\Cal O}_{\Lambda_2}$ keeping their commutative $C^*$-subalgebras $C(X_{\Lambda_1})$ and $C(X_{\Lambda_2})$.


Thom polynomials of invariant cones, Schur functions, and positivity

Abstract: We generalize the notion of Thom polynomials from singularities of maps between two complex manifolds to invariant cones in representations, and collections of vector bundles. We prove that the generalized Thom polynomials, expanded in the products of Schur functions of the bundles, have nonnegative coefficients. For classical Thom polynomials associated with maps of complex manifolds, this gives an extension of our former result for stable singularities to nonnecessary stable ones. We also discuss some related aspects of Thom polynomials, which makes the article expository to some extent.


Harmonic ultrafilters

Abstract: A set of natural numbers will be called \emph{harmonic} if the reciprocals of its elements form a divergent series. An ultrafilter of the natural numbers will he called \emph{harmonic} if all each members are harmonic sets. The harmonic ultrafilters are shown to constitute a compact semigroup under the Glazer addition and its smallest ideal is obtained. This paper is an extension of work begun by Hindman. Alle ingredients are found in the treatise by Hindman and Strauss.


Primitive Characters and Permutation Characters of Solvable Groups

Abstract: Let X be an irreducible, primitive complex character of the finite solvable group G, and let X* denote the complex conjugate character. If the degree X(1) is odd, then we show how to associate to X in a unique way, a conjugacy class of subgroups U of G for which X*X = (1_U)^G, the permutation character on the cosets of U. We investigate this situation and give a number of applications to properties of primitive characters of solvable and p-solvable groups.


Locating the zeros of partial sums of exp(z) with Riemann-Hilbert methods

Abstract: In this paper we derive uniform asymptotic expansions for the partial sums of the exponential series. We indicate how this information will be used in a later publication to obtain full and explicitly computable asymptotic expansions with error bounds for all zeros of the Taylor polynomials $p_{n-1}(z) = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} z^k/ k!$. Our proof is based on a representation of $p_{n-1}(nz)$ in terms of an integral of the form $\int_{\gamma} \frac{e^{n\phi(s)}}{s-z}ds$. We demonstrate how to derive uniform expansions for such integrals using a Riemann-Hilbert approach. A comparison with classical steepest descent analysis shows the advantages of the Riemann-Hilbert analysis in particular for points $z$ that are close to the critical points of $\phi$.


Group-theoretic Methods for Bounding the Exponent of Matrix Multiplication

Abstract: The (asymptotic) complexity of matrix multiplication (over the complex field) is measured by a real parameter w > 0, called the exponent of matrix multiplication (over the complex field), which is defined to be the smallest real number w > 0 such that for an arbitrary degree of precision > 0, two n by n complex matrices can be multiplied using an algorithm using O(n^(w+\epsilon)) number of non-division arithmetical operations. By the standard algorithm for multiplying two matrices, the trivial lower and upper bounds for the exponent w are 2 and 3 respectively. W. Strassen in 1969 obtained the first important result that w < 2.81 using his result that 2 by 2 matrix multiplication could be performed using 7 multiplications, not 8, as in the standard algorithm. In 1984, V. Pan improved this to 2.67, using a variant of Strassen's approach. It has been conjectured that w = 2, but the best known result is that w < 2.38, due to D. Coppersmith and S. Winograd. In all these approaches, estimates for w depend on the number of main running steps in their algorithms. In a recent series of papers in 2003 and 2005, H. Cohn and C. Umans put forward an entirely different approach using fairly elementary methods involving finite groups, group algebras and their representations. The author describes and proves their main results, and suggests possible ways of getting improved estimates for the exponent using their methods.


Koszul duality for Operads

Abstract: This is a copy of the article by the same authors published in Duke Math. J. (1994).


Outer Billiards on Kites

Abstract: Outer billiards is a simple dynamical system based on a convex planar shape. The Moser-Neumann question, first posed by B.H. Neumann around 1960, asks if there exists a planar shape for which outer billiards has an unbounded orbit. The first half of this monograph proves that outer billiards has an unbounded orbit defined relative to any irrational kite. The second half of the monograph gives a very sharp description of the set of unbounded orbits, both in terms of the dynamics and the Hausdorff dimension. The analysis in both halves reveals a close connection between outer billiards on kites and the modular group, as well as connections to self-similar tilings, polytope exchange maps, Diophantine approximation, and odometers.


Connexions with totally skew-symmetric torsion and nearly-Kaehler geometry

Abstract: We study almost Hermitian structures admitting a Hermitian connexion with totally skew-symmetric torsion or equivalently, those almost Hermitian structures with totally skew-symmetric Nijenhuis tensor. We investigate up to what extent the Nijenhuis tensor fails to be parallel with respect to the characteristic connexion. This is naturally described by means of an extension of the notion of Killing form to almost Hermitian geometry. In this context, we also make an essentially self-contained survey of nearly-Kaehler geometry, but from the perspective of non-integrable holonomy systems.


Monotonicity for entrywise functions of matrices

Abstract: We characterize real functions $f$ on an interval $(-\alpha,\alpha)$ for which the entrywise matrix function $[a_{ij}] \mapsto [f(a_{ij})]$ is positive, monotone and convex, respectively, in the positive semidefiniteness order. Fractional power functions are exemplified and related weak majorizations are shown.


Homotopically non-trivial maps with small k-dilation

Abstract: We construct homotopically non-trivial maps from S^m to S^n with arbitrarily small 3-dilation for certain pairs (m,n). The simplest example is m=4, n=3. Other examples include arbitrarily large values of m and n. We show that a homotopy class in pi_7(S^4) can be represented by maps with arbitrarily small 4-dilation if and only if the class is torsion.


The existence of two closed geodesics on every Finsler 2-sphere

Abstract: In this paper, we prove that for every Finsler metric on the 2-dimensional sphere there exist at least two distinct prime closed geodesics. For the case of the two-sphere, this solves an open problem posed by D. V. Anosov in 1974.


The Hopf invariant and simplex straightening

Abstract: Let M be a closed 3-manifold which can be triangulated with N simplices. We prove that any map from M to a genus 2 surface has Hopf invariant at most C^N. Let X be a closed oriented hyperbolic 3-manifold with injectivity radius less than epsilon at one point. If there is a degree non-zero map from M to X, then we prove that epsilon is at least C^{-N}.


The Geometry of Toric Hyperk\"ahler Varieties

Abstract: In this survey article we describe the geometry of toric hyperk\"ahler varieties, which are hyperk\"ahler quotients of the quaternionic vector spaces by tori. In particular, we discuss the Betti numbers, the cohomology ring, and variation of hyperk\"ahler structures of these spaces with many improved results and proofs.


The Entire Cyclic Cohomology of Noncommutative 2-Tori

Abstract: Our aim in this paper is to compute the entire cyclic cohomology of noncommutative 2-tori. First of all, we clarify their algebraic structure of noncommutative 2-tori as a $F^*$-algebra, according to the idea of Elliott-Evans. Actually, they are the inductive limit of subhomogeneous $F^*$-algebras. Using such a result, we compute their entire cyclic cohomology, which is isomorphic to their periodic one as a complex vector space.


Local structure of algebraic monoids

Abstract: We describe the local structure of an irreducible algebraic monoid $M$ at an idempotent element $e$. When $e$ is minimal, we show that $M$ is an induced variety over the kernel $MeM$ (a homogeneous space) with fibre the two-sided stabilizer $M_e$ (a connected affine monoid having a zero element and a dense unit group). This yields the irreducibility of stabilizers and centralizers of idempotents when $M$ is normal, and criteria for normality and smoothness of an arbitrary $M$. Also, we show that $M$ is an induced variety over an abelian variety, with fiber a connected affine monoid having a dense unit group.


L^2-spectral invariants and convergent sequences of finite graphs

Abstract: Using the spectral theory of weakly convergent sequences of finite graphs, we prove the uniform existence of the integrated density of states for a large class of infinite graphs.


An O(2,n) formulation of invariant theory for elliptic Weyl group

Abstract: In this paper, we give a new formulation of invariant theory for elliptic Weyl group using the group O(2,n). As an elliptic Weyl group quotient, we define a suitable $\C^*$-bundle. We show that it has a conformal Frobenius structure which we define in this paper. Then its good section could be identified with a Frobenius manifold which we constructed in arXiv:math/0611553.


Discrete Monodromy, Pentagrams, and the Method of Condensation

Abstract: This paper considers a simple geometric construction, called the Pentagram map. The pentagram map, performed on N-gons, gives rise to a birational mapping on the space of all N-gons. This paper finds what conjecturally are all the invariants for this map, and along the way relates the construction to the monodromy of 3rd order differential equations, and also to Dodgson's method of condensation for computing determinants.


A criterion for the half-plane property

Abstract: We establish a convenient necessary and sufficient condition for a multiaffine real polynomial to be stable, and use it to verify that the half-plane property holds for seven small matroids that resisted the efforts of Choe, Oxley, Sokal, and Wagner [5].


Divergence of a stationary random vector field can be always positive (a Weiss' phenomenon)

Abstract: The divergence of a stationary random vector field at a given point is usually a centered (that is, zero mean) random variable. Strangely enough, it can be equal to 1 almost surely. This fact is another form of a phenomenon disclosed by B. Weiss in 1997.


(GL(n+1,F),GL(n,F)) is a Gelfand pair for any local field F

Abstract: Let F be an arbitrary local field. Consider the standard embedding of GL(n,F) into GL(n+1,F) and the two-sided action of GL(n,F) \times GL(n,F) on GL(n+1,F). In this paper we show that any GL(n,F) \times GL(n,F)-invariant distribution on GL(n+1,F) is invariant with respect to transposition. We show that this implies that the pair (GL(n+1,F),GL(n,F)) is a Gelfand pair. Namely, for any irreducible admissible representation $(\pi,E)$ of (GL(n+1,F), $$dimHom_{GL(n,F)}(E,\cc) \leq 1.$$ For the proof in the archimedean case we develop several new tools to study invariant distributions on smooth manifolds.


Dynamics of Symplectic SubVolumes

Abstract: In this paper we will explore fundamental constraints on the evolution of certain symplectic subvolumes possessed by any Hamiltonian phase space. This research has direct application to optimal control and control of conservative mechanical systems. We relate geometric invariants of symplectic topology to computations that can easily be carried out with the state transition matrix of the flow map. We will show how certain symplectic subvolumes have a minimal obtainable volume; further if the subvolume dimension equals the phase space dimension, this constraint reduces to Liouville's Theorem. Finally we present a preferred basis that, for a given canonical transformation, has certain minimality properties with regards to the local volume expansion of phase space.


Corners and Records of the Poisson Process in Quadrant

Abstract: The scale-invariant spacings lemma due to Arratia, Barbour and Tavar{\'e} establishes the distributional identity of a self-similar Poisson process and the set of spacings between the points of this process. In this note we connect this result with properties of a certain set of extreme points of the unit Poisson process in the positive quadrant.


Study of a Z-form of the coordinate ring of a reductive group

Abstract: We show how the theory of canonical bases in modified universal enveloping algebras can be used to develop the theory of Chevalley groups over any commutative ring with 1.


On D.K. Biss' papers "The homotopy type of the matroid Grassmannian" and "Oriented matroids, complex manifolds, and a combinatorial model for BU"

Abstract: We point out a flaw in papers by Daniel Biss devoted to homotopy type of matroid Grassmannians.


A Rationality Problem of Some Cremona Transformation

Abstract: We will show the rationality of the function field of two variables under certain Cremona transformation.


Twisted Symmetric Group Actions

Abstract: We will show the raitonality of some twisted symmetric group actions.


Reduction theorems for Noether's problem

Abstract: We will give several reduction theorems for Noether's problem.


Staggered t-structures on derived categories of equivariant coherent sheaves

Abstract: Let X be a scheme, and let G be an affine group scheme acting on X. Under reasonable hypotheses on X and G, we construct a t-structure on the derived category of G-equivariant coherent sheaves that in many ways resembles the perverse coherent t-structure, but which incorporates additional information from the G-action. Under certain circumstances, this t-structure, called the "staggered t-structure," has an artinian heart, and its simple objects are particularly easy to describe. We also exhibit two small examples in which the staggered t-structure is better-behaved than the perverse coherent t-structure.


MOST: detecting cancer differential gene expression

Abstract: We propose a new statistics for the detection of differentially expressed genes, when the genes are activated only in a subset of the samples. Statistics designed for this unconventional circumstance has proved to be valuable for most cancer studies, where oncogenes are activated for a small number of disease samples. Previous efforts made in this direction include COPA, OS and ORT. We propose a new statistics called maximum ordered subset t-statistics (MOST) which seems to be natural when the number of activated samples is unknown. We compare MOST to other statistics and find the proposed method often has more power then its competitors.


Bayes and empirical Bayes changepoint problems

Abstract: We generalize the approach of Liu and Lawrence (1999) for multiple changepoint problems where the number of changepoints is unknown. The approach is based on dynamic programming recursion for efficient calculation of the marginal probability of the data with the hidden parameters integrated out. For the estimation of the hyperparameters, we propose to use Monte Carlo EM when training data are available. We argue that there is some advantages of using samples from the posterior which takes into account the uncertainty of the changepoints, compared to the traditional MAP estimator, which is also more expensive to compute in this context. The samples from the posterior obtained by our algorithm are independent, getting rid of the convergence issue associated with the MCMC approach. We illustrate our approach on limited simulations and some real data set.


A mean ergodic theorem for actions of amenable quantum groups

Abstract: We prove a weak form of the mean ergodic theorem for actions of amenable locally compact quantum groups in the von Neumann algebra setting.


Mean time exit and isoperimetric inequalities \\for minimal submanifolds of $N\times \mathbb{R}$

Abstract: Based on Markvorsen and Palmer's work on mean time exit and isoperimetric inequalities we establish slightly better isoperimetric inequalities and mean time exit estimates for minimal submanifolds of $N\times\mathbb{R}$. We also prove isoperimetric inequalities for submanifolds of Hadamard spaces with tamed second fundamental form.


Le degre de la variete des courbes de Poncelet

Abstract: We compute the degree of the projective variety of Poncelet curves of degree $n$. This variety is irreducible of dimension $2 n + 5$, and lies inside the projective space of degree $n$ plane curves. It is classically defined as the closure on this projective space of the locally closed subset of curves passing through the vertices of some nondegenerate $n$ sided polygone inscribed in some smooth conic (the polygone and the conic being variable). It is related to a specific class of semi-stable sheaves on the projective (dual) plane, named Poncelet sheaves. Using moduli spaces birational to the variety of Poncelet curves, we compute the requested degree. It involves quite cumbersome computations, and we obtain general formulas for $n \geq 4$. We do numerical applications for $n \leq 6$. For $n=4$ we find back the well known Donaldson number of the projective plane, 54, which is the degree of the hypersurface of Luroth quartics.


Coincidence rotations of the root lattice $A_4$

Abstract: The coincidence site lattices of the root lattice $A_4$ are considered, and the statistics of the corresponding coincidence rotations according to their indices is expressed in terms of a Dirichlet series generating function. This is possible via an embedding of $A_4$ into the icosian ring with its rich arithmetic structure, which recently (arXiv:math.MG/0702448) led to the classification of the similar sublattices of $A_4$.


Conical square function estimates in UMD Banach spaces and applications to H-infinity functional calculi

Abstract: We study conical square function estimates for Banach-valued functions, and introduce a vector-valued analogue of the Coifman-Meyer-Stein tent spaces. Following recent work of Auscher-McIntosh-Russ, the tent spaces in turn are used to construct a scale of vector-valued Hardy spaces associated with a given bisectorial operator (A) with certain off-diagonal bounds, such that (A) always has a bounded (H^{\infty})-functional calculus on these spaces. This provides a new way of proving functional calculus of (A) on the Bochner spaces (L^p(\R^n;X)) by checking appropriate conical square function estimates, and also a conical analogue of Bourgain's extension of the Littlewood-Paley theory to the UMD-valued context. Even when (X=\C), our approach gives refined (p)-dependent versions of known results.


Dynamics of Linear and Affine Maps

Abstract: The well-known theory of "rational canonical form of an operator" describes the invariant factors, or elementary divisors, as a complete set of invariants of a similarity class of an operator on a finite-dimensional vector space $\V$ over a given field $\F$. A finer part of the theory is the contribution by Frobenius dealing with the structure of the centralizer of an operator. The viewpoint is that of finitely generated modules over a PID, cf. for example [J], ch. 3. In this paper we approach the issue from a "dynamic" viewpoint, as explained in [K]. We also extend the theory to affine maps. The formulation is in terms of the action of the geneal linear group, or the group of invertible affine maps, on the semigroup of all linear resp. affine maps by conjugacy. We describe a parametrization of orbits and orbit-classes under this action, and also provide a parametrization of all affine maps themselves.


On the Wu metric in unbounded domains

Abstract: We discuss the properties of the Wu pseudometric and present counterexamples for its upper semicontinuity that answers the question posed by Jarnicki and Pflug. We also give formulae for the Wu pseudometric in elementary Reinhardt domains.


Self-interacting polynomials

Abstract: We introduce a class of dynamical systems of algebraic origin, consisting of self-interacting irreducible polynomials over a field. A polynomial f is made to act on a polynomial g by mapping the roots of g. This action identifies a new polynomial h, as the minimal polynomial of the displaced roots. By allowing several polynomials to act on one another, we obtain a self-interacting system with a rich dynamics, which affords a fresh viewpoint on some algebraic dynamical constructs. We identify the basic invariant sets, and study in some detail the case of quadratic polynomials. We perform some experiments on self-interacting polynomials over finite fields.


A nonlinear Poisson formula for the Schrodinger operator

Abstract: We prove a nonlinear Poisson type formula for the Schrodinger group. Such a formula had been derived in a previous paper by the authors, as a consequence of the study of the asymptotic behavior of nonlinear wave operators for small data. In this note, we propose a direct proof, and extend the range allowed for the power of the nonlinearity to the set of all short range nonlinearities. Moreover, energy-critical nonlinearities are allowed.


One page proof of the Riemann hypothesis

Abstract: We give a short Wiener measure proof of the Riemann hypothesis based on a surprising, unexpected and deep relation between the Riemann zeta $\zeta(s)$ and the trivial zeta $\zeta_{t}(s):=Im(s)(2Re(s)-1)$.


Statistical stability of equilibrium states for interval maps

Abstract: We consider families of multimodal interval maps with polynomial growth of the derivative along the critical orbits. For these maps Bruin and Todd have shown the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states for the potential $\phi_t:x\mapsto-t\log|Df(x)|$, for $t$ close to 1. We show that these equilibrium states vary continuously in the weak$^*$ topology within such families. Moreover, in the case $t=1$, when the equilibrium states are absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue, we show that the densities vary continuously within these families.


A Brownian quasi-helix in IR4, built from an automatic sequence

Abstract: We describe a brownian quasi-helix in R^4 by means of an automatic sequence


A topological characterisation of holomorphic parabolic germs in the plane

Abstract: Gambaudo and P\'ecou introduced the ``linking property'' to study the dynamics of germs of planar homeomorphims and provide a new proof of Naishul theorem in their paper "A topological invariant for volume preserving diffeomorphisms" (Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 15 (1995), no. 3, 535--541). In this paper we prove that the negation of Gambaudo-P\'ecou property characterises the topological dynamics of holomorphic parabolic germs. As a consequence, a rotation set for germs of surface homeomorphisms around a fixed point can be defined, and it will turn out to be non trivial except for countably many conjugacy classes.


A note on the component structure in random intersection graphs with tunable clustering

Abstract: We study the component structure in random intersection graphs with tunable clustering, and show that the average degree works as a threshold for a phase transition for the size of the largest component. That is, if the expected degree is less than one, the size of the largest component is a.a.s. of logarithmic order, but if the average degree is greater than one, a.a.s. a single large component of linear order emerges, and the size of the second largest component is at most of logarithmic order.


Jacobi fields along harmonic 2-spheres in $S^3$ and $S^4$ are not all integrable

Abstract: In a previous paper, we showed that any Jacobi field along a harmonic map from the 2-sphere to the complex projective plane is integrable (i.e., is tangent to a smooth variation through harmonic maps). In this paper, in contrast, we show that there are (non-full) harmonic maps from the 2-sphere to the 3-sphere and 4-sphere which have non-integrable Jacobi fields. This is particularly surprising in the case of the 3-sphere where the space of harmonic maps of any degree is a smooth manifold, each map having image in a totally geodesic 2-sphere.


Compact differences of composition operators from Bloch space to bounded holomorphic function space in the Polydisc

Abstract: Let $\phi$ and $\psi$ be holomorphic self-maps of the unit polydisc $U^n$ in the $n$-dimensional complex space, and denote by $C_{\phi}$ and $C_{\psi}$ the induced composition operators. This paper gives some simple estimates of the essential norm for the difference of composition operators $C_{\phi}-C_{\psi}$ from Bloch space to bounded holomorphic function space in the unit polydisc. Moreover the compactness of the difference is also characterized.


Coherence in Linear Predicate Logic

Abstract: Coherence with respect to Kelly-Mac Lane graphs is proved for categories that correspond to the multiplicative fragment without constant propositions of classical linear first-order predicate logic without or with mix. To obtain this result, coherence is first established for categories that correspond to the multiplicative conjunction-disjunction fragment with first-order quantifiers of classical linear logic, a fragment lacking negation. These results extend results published in previous two books by the authors, where coherence was established for categories of the corresponding fragments of propositional classical linear logic, which are related to proof nets, and which could be described as star-autonomous categories without unit objects.


A higher order model for image restoration: the one dimensional case

Abstract: The one-dimensional version of the higher order total variation-based model for image restoration proposed by Chan, Marquina, and Mulet in [4] is analyzed. A suitable functional framework in which the minimization problem is well posed is being proposed and it is proved analytically that the higher order regularizing term prevents the occurrence of the staircase effect.


Computing Knot Floer Homology in Cyclic Branched Covers

Abstract: We use grid diagrams to give a combinatorial algorithm for computing the knot Floer homology of the pullback of a knot K in its m-fold cyclic branched cover Sigma^m(K), and we give computations when m=2 for over fifty three-bridge knots with up to eleven crossings.


The 191 orientable octahedral manifolds

Abstract: We enumerate all spaces obtained by gluing in pairs the faces of the octahedron in an orientation-reversing fashion. Whenever such a gluing gives rise to non-manifold points, we remove small open neighbourhoods of these points, so we actually deal with three-dimensional manifolds with (possibly empty) boundary. There are 298 combinatorially inequivalent gluing patterns, and we show that they define 191 distinct manifolds, of which 132 are hyperbolic and 59 are not. All the 132 hyperbolic manifolds were already considered in different contexts by other authors, and we provide here their known ``names'' together with their main invariants. We also give the connected sum and JSJ decompositions for the 59 non-hyperbolic examples. Our arguments make use of tools coming from hyperbolic geometry, together with quantum invariants and more classical techniques based on essential surfaces. Many (but not all) proofs were carried out by computer, but they do not involve issues of numerical accuracy.


Difference of composition operators in the Polydiscs

Abstract: This paper gives some simple estimates of the essential norm for the difference of composition operators induced by $\phi$ and $\psi$ acting on bounded function space in the unit polydiscs $U^n$, where $\phi(z)$ and $\psi(z)$be holomorphic self-maps of $U^n$. As its applications, a characterization of compact difference is given for composition operators acting on the bounded function spaces.


Essential Norms of Weighted Composition Operators between Hardy Spaces in the unit Ball

Abstract: Let $\phi(z)=(\phi_1(z),...,\phi_n(z))$ be a holomorphic self-map of $B_n$ and $\psi(z)$ a holomorphic function on $B_n$, and $H(B_n)$ the class of all holomorphic functions on $B_n$, where $B_n$ is the unit ball of $C^n$, the weight composition operator $W_{\psi,\phi}$ is defined by $W_{\psi,\phi}=\psi f(\phi)$ for $f\in H(B_n)$. In this paper we estimate the essential norm for the weighted composition operator $W_{\psi,\phi}$ acting from the Hardy space $H^p$ to $H^q$ ($0<p,q\leq \infty$). When $p=\infty$ and $q=2$, we give an exact formula for the essential norm. As their applications, we also obtain some sufficient and necessary conditions for the bounded weighted composition operator to be compact from $H^p$ to $H^q$.


Composition operators in the Lipschitz Space of the Polydiscs

Abstract: In 1987, Shapiro shew that composition operator induced by symbol $\phi$ is compact on the Lipschltz space if and only if the infinity norm of $\phi$ is less than 1 by a spectral-theoretic argument, where $\phi$ is a holomorphic self-map of the unit disk. In this paper, we shall generalize Shapiro's result to the $n$-dimensional case.


Extended Ces$\acute{a}$RO Operators on Zygmund Spaces in the Unit Ball

Abstract: Let $g$ be a holomorphic function of the unit ball $B$ in the $n$-dimensional space, and denote by $T_g$ and $I_g$ the induced extended Ces$\acute{a}$ro operator and another integral operator. The boundedness and compactness of $T_g$ and $I_g$ acting on the Zygmund spaces in the unit ball are discussed and necessary and sufficient conditions are given in this paper.


Extended Ces$\acute{a}$RO Operators between Generalized Besov Spaces and Bloch Type Spaces in the Unit Ball

Abstract: Let $g$ be a holomorphic map of $B$, where $B$ is the unit ball of ${C}^n$. Let $0<p<+\infty, -n-1<q<+\infty$, $q>-1$ and $\alpha>0$. This paper gives some necessary and sufficient conditions for the Extended Ces$\acute{a}$ro Operators induced by $g$ to be bounded or compact between generalized Besov space $B(p,q)$ and $\alpha$- Bloch space ${\mathcal B}^\alpha.$


A few remarks concerning complex-analytic metric spaces

Abstract: The special case of closed subsets of C^n is briefly discussed.


Pure Spinors on Lie groups

Abstract: For any manifold M, the direct sum TM \oplus T*M carries a natural inner product given by the pairing of vectors and covectors. Differential forms on M may be viewed as spinors for the corresponding Clifford bundle, and in particular there is a notion of \emph{pure spinor}. In this paper, we study pure spinors and Dirac structures in the case when M=G is a Lie group with a bi-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric, e.g. G semi-simple. The applications of our theory include the construction of distinguished volume forms on conjugacy classes in G, and a new approach to the theory of quasi-Hamiltonian G-spaces.


Analysis of stochastic fluid queues driven by local time processes

Abstract: We consider a stochastic fluid queue served by a constant rate server and driven by a process which is the local time of a certain Markov process. Such a stochastic system can be used as a model in a priority service system, especially when the time scales involved are fast. The input (local time) in our model is always singular with respect to the Lebesgue measure which in many applications is ``close'' to reality. We first discuss how to rigorously construct the (necessarily) unique stationary version of the system under some natural stability conditions. We then consider the distribution of performance steady-state characteristics, namely, the buffer content, the idle period and the busy period. These derivations are much based on the fact that the inverse of the local time of a Markov process is a L\'evy process (a subordinator) hence making the theory of L\'evy processes applicable. Another important ingredient in our approach is the Palm calculus coming from the point process point of view.


Average twin prime conjecture for elliptic curves

Abstract: Let E be an elliptic curve over Q. In 1988, Koblitz conjectured a precise asymptotic for the number of primes p up to x such that the order of the group of points of E over the finite field F_p is prime. This is an analogue of the Hardy and Littlewood twin prime conjecture in the case of elliptic curves. Koblitz's conjecture is still widely open. In this paper we prove that Koblitz's conjecture is true on average over a two-parameter family of elliptic curves. One of the key ingredients in the proof is a short average distribution result in the style of Barban-Davenport-Halberstam, where the average is taken over twin primes and their differences.


A sharp bound for the Stein-Wainger oscillatory integral

Abstract: Let Pd denote the space of all real polynomials of degree at most d. It is an old result of Stein and Wainger that for every polynomial P in Pd: |p.v.\int_R {e^{iP(t)} dt/t} | < C(d) for some constant C(d) depending only on d. On the other hand, Carbery, Wainger and Wright claim that the true order of magnitude of the above principal value integral is log d. We prove this conjecture.


Random walks on quasisymmetric functions

Abstract: Conditions are provided under which an endomorphism on quasisymmetric functions gives rise to a left random walk on the descent algebra which is also a lumping of a left random walk on permutations. Spectral results are also obtained. Several well-studied random walks are now realized this way: Stanley's QS-distribution results from endomorphisms given by evaluation maps, a-shuffles result from the a-th convolution power of the universal character, and the Tchebyshev operator of the second kind introduced recently by Ehrenborg and Readdy yields traditional riffle shuffles. A conjecture of Ehrenborg regarding the spectra for a family of random walks on ab-words is proven. A theorem of Stembridge from the theory of enriched P-partitions is also recovered as a special case.


Ricci iterations on Kahler classes

Abstract: In this paper we consider the dynamical system involved by the Ricci operator on the space of K\"ahler metrics. A. Nadel has defined an iteration scheme given by the Ricci operator for Fano manifold and asked whether it has some nontrivial periodic points. First, we prove that no such periodic points can exist. We define the inverse of the Ricci operator and consider the dynamical behaviour of its iterates for a Fano K\"ahler-Einstein manifold. In particular we show that the iterates do converge to the existing K\"ahler-Ricci soliton on a toric manifold. Finally, we define a finite dimensional procedure to give an approximation of K\"ahler-Einstein metrics using this iterative procedure and apply it for $\mathbb{CP}^2$ blown up in 3 points.


Some remarks on conic degeneration and bending of Poincar\'e-Einstein metrics

Abstract: Let $(M,g)$ be a compact K\"ahler-Einstein manifold with $c_1 > 0$. Denote by $K\to M$ the canonical line-bundle, with total space $X$, and $X_0$ the singular space obtained by blowing down $X$ along its zero section. We employ a construction by Page and Pope and discuss an interesting multi-parameter family of Poincar\'e--Einstein metrics on $X$. One 1-parameter subfamily $\{g_t\}_{t>0}$ has the property that as $t\searrow 0$, $g_t$ converges to a PE metric $g_0$ on $X_0$ with conic singularity, while $t^{-1}g_t$ converges to a complete Ricci-flat K\"ahler metric $\hat{g}_0$ on $X$. Another 1-parameters subfamily has an edge singularity along the zero section of $X$, with cone angle depending on the parameter, but has constant conformal infinity. These illustrate some unexpected features of the Poincar\'e-Einstein moduli space.


Markoff Equation and Nilpotent Matrices

Abstract: A triple (a,b,c) of positive integers is called a Markoff triple iff it satisfies the diophantine equation a2 + b2 + c2 = abc . Recasting the Markoff tree, whose vertices are Markoff triples, in the framework of intergral upper triangular 3x3 matrices, it will be shown that the largest member of such a triple determines the other two uniquely. This answers a question which has been open for almost 100 years.


On the asymptotic of likelihood ratios for self-normalized large deviations

Abstract: Motivated by multiple statistical hypothesis testing, we obtain the limit of likelihood ratio of large deviations for self-normalized random variables, specifically, the ratio of $P(\sqrt{n}(\bar X +d/n) \ge x_n V)$ to $P(\sqrt{n}\bar X \ge x_n V)$, as $n\toi$, where $\bar X$ and $V$ are the sample mean and standard deviation of iid $X_1, ..., X_n$, respectively, $d>0$ is a constant and $x_n \toi$. We show that the limit can have a simple form $e^{d/z_0}$, where $z_0$ is the unique maximizer of $z f(x)$ with $f$ the density of $X_i$. The result is applied to derive the minimum sample size per test in order to control the error rate of multiple testing at a target level, when real signals are different from noise signals only by a small shift.


Surgery description of colored knots

Abstract: The pair (K,r) consisting of a knot K and a surjective map r from the knot group onto a dihedral group is said to be a p-colored knot. D. Moskovich conjectured that for any odd prime p there are exactly p equivalence classes of p-colored knots up to surgery along unknots in the kernel of the coloring. We show that there are at most 2p equivalence classes. This is a vast improvement upon the previous results by Moskovich for p=3, and 5, with no upper bound given in general. T. Cochran, A. Gerges, and K. Orr, in "Dehn surgery equivalence relations of 3-manifolds", define invariants of the surgery equivalence class of a closed 3-manifold M in the context of bordisms. By taking M to be 0-framed surgery of the 3-sphere along K we may define Moskovich's colored untying invariant in the same way as the Cochran-Gerges-Orr invariants. This bordism definition of the colored untying invariant will be then used to establish the upper bound.


On well-posedness of the linear Cauchy problem with the distributional right-hand side and discontinuous coefficients

Abstract: We prove the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the linear differential system of the form $x^{\prime}-A(t)x=f$, where $f$ is a distribution and $A$ possesses at most first-kind discontinuities together with all its derivatives defined almost everywhere. The left-hand side of this system contains the product of a distribution and, in general, a discontinuous function, which is undefined in the classical space of the distributions with the smooth test functions $\mathcal D'$, so the Cauchy problem has no solution in $\mathcal D'$. In what follows, we cosider this system in the space of distributions with the discontinuous test functions, whose elements admit continuous and associative multiplication by functions possessing at most first-kind discontinuities (together with all their derivatives defined almost everywhere), and show that there exists the unique solution of the Cauchy problem which depends continuously on $f$.


Ricci Flow with hyperbolic warped product metrics

Abstract: In this short note, we show that the negative curvature is preserved in the deformation of hyperbolic warped product metrics under Ricci flow. It is also showed that the flow converges to a flat metric as time going to infinity.


Tensor representations of classical locally finite Lie algebras

Abstract: We study the structure of tensor representations of the classical infinite-dimensional locally finite Lie algebras $gl_\infty$, $sl_\infty$, $sp_\infty$ and $so_\infty$. In contrast with the finite-dimensional case, these tensor representations are not semisimple. We explicitly describe their Jordan-Holder constituents, socle filtrations, and indecomposable direct summands.


The Existence of Pure Free Resolutions

Abstract: Let d1,...,dn be a strictly increasing sequence of integers. Boij and S\"oderberg [arXiv:math/0611081] have conjectured the existence of a graded module M of finite length over any polynomial ring K[x_1,..., x_n], whose minimal free resolution is pure of type (d1,...,dn), in the sense that its i-th syzygies are generated in degree di. In this paper we prove a stronger statement, in characteristic zero: Such modules not only exist, but can be taken to be GL(n)-equivariant. In fact, we give two different equivariant constructions, and we construct pure resolutions over exterior algebras and Z/2-graded algebras as well. The constructions use the combinatorics of Schur functors and Bott's Theorem on the direct images of equivariant vector bundles on Grassmann varieties.


Asymptotic Behaviour of Parameter Ideals in Generalized Cohen-Macaulay Modules

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to give affirmative answers to two open questions as follows. Let $(R, \m)$ be a generalized Cohen-Macaulay Noetherian local ring. Both questions, the first question was raised by M. Rogers \cite {R} and the second one is due to S. Goto and H. Sakurai \cite {GS1}, ask whether for every parameter ideal $\q$ contained in a high enough power of the maximal ideal $\m $ the following statements are true: (1) The index of reducibility $N_R(\q;R)$ is independent of the choice of $\q$; and (2) $I^2=\q I$, where $I=\q:_R\m$.


The Set of Prime Numbers

Abstract: In this work we show that the prime distribution is deterministic. Indeed the set of prime numbers P can be expressed in terms of two subsets of N using three specific selection rules, acting on two sets of prime candidates. The prime candidates are obtained in terms of the first perfect number. The asymptotic behaviour is also considered. We obtain for the first time an explicit relation for generating the full set P of prime numbers smaller than n or equal to n.


Approximation of complex algebraic numbers by algebraic numbers of bounded degree

Abstract: We investigate how well complex algebraic numbers can be approximated by algebraic numbers of degree at most n. We also investigate how well complex algebraic numbers can be approximated by algebraic integers of degree at most n+1. It follows from our investigations that for every positive integer n there are complex algebraic numbers of degree larger than n that are better approximable by algebraic numbers of degree at most n than almost all complex numbers. As it turns out, these numbers are more badly approximable by algebraic integers of degree at most n+1 than almost all complex numbers.


The Szemeredi property in ergodic W*-dynamical systems

Abstract: We study weak mixing of all orders for asymptotically abelian weakly mixing state preserving C*-dynamical systems, where the dynamics is given by the action of an abelian second countable locally compact group which contains a Folner sequence satisfying the Tempelman condition. For a smaller class of groups (which include Z^q and R^q) this is then used to show that an asymptotically abelian ergodic W*-dynamical system either has the "Szemeredi property" or contains a nontrivial subsystem (a "compact factor") that does. A van der Corput lemma for Hilbert space valued functions on the group is one of our main technical tools.


Global phase-locking in finite populations of phase-coupled oscillators

Abstract: We present new necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of fixed points in a finite system of coupled phase oscillators on a complete graph. We use these conditions to derive bounds on the critical coupling.


Koppelman formulas on Grassmannians

Abstract: We construct Koppelman formulas on Grassmannians for forms with values in any holomorphic line bundle as well as in the tautological vector bundle and its dual. As a consequence we obtain some vanishing theorems of the Bott-Borel-Weil type. We also relate the projection part of our formulas to the Bergman kernels associated to the line bundles.


On two notions of complexity of algebraic numbers

Abstract: we derive new, improved lower bounds for the block complexity of an irrational algebraic number and for the number of digit changes in the b-ary expansion of an irrational algebraic number. To this end, we apply a quantitative version of the Subspace Theorem due to Evertse and Schlickewei (2002).


Overpartition pairs and two classes of basic hypergeometric series

Abstract: We study the combinatorics of two classes of basic hypergeometric series. We first show that these series are the generating functions for certain overpartition pairs defined by frequency conditions on the parts. We then show that when specialized these series are also the generating functions for overpartition pairs with bounded successive ranks, overpartition pairs with conditions on their Durfee dissection, as well as certain lattice paths. When further specialized, the series become infinite products, leading to numerous identities for partitions, overpartitions, and overpartition pairs.


Reciprocal cyclotomic polynomials

Abstract: Let $\Psi_n(x)$ be the monic polynomial having precisely all non-primitive $n$th roots of unity as its simple zeros. One has $\Psi_n(x)=(x^n-1)/\Phi_n(x)$, with $\Phi_n(x)$ the $n$th cyclotomic polynomial. The coefficients of $\Psi_n(x)$ are integers that like the coefficients of $\Phi_n(x)$ tend to be surprisingly small in absolute value, e.g. for $n<561$ all coefficients of $\Psi_n(x)$ are $\le 1$ in absolute value. We establish various properties of the coefficients of $\Psi_n(x)$.


Groups which are not properly 3-realizable

Abstract: A group is properly 3-realizable if it is the fundamental group of a compact polyhedron whose universal covering is proper homotopically equivalent to some 3-manifold. We prove that when such a group is also quasi-simply filtered then it has {\em pro-(finitely generated free) fundamental group at infinity} and {\em semi-stable ends}. Conjecturally the quasi-simply filtration assumption is superfluous. Using these restrictions we provide the first examples of finitely presented groups which are not properly 3-realizable, for instance large families of Coxeter groups.


Analytic Extension of a maximal surface in $\Bbb L^3$ along its boudary

Abstract: We prove that a maximal surface in Lorentz-Minkowski space $\Bbb L^3$ can be extended analytically along its boundary if the boundary lies in a plane meeting the surface at a constant angle.


Intersection homology D-Modules and Bernstein polynomials associated with a complete intersection

Abstract: Let X be a complex analytic manifold. Given a closed subspace $Y\subset X$ of pure codimension p>0, we consider the sheaf of local algebraic cohomology $H^p_{[Y]}({\cal O}_X)$, and ${\cal L}(Y,X)\subset H^p_{[Y]}({\cal O}_X)$ the intersection homology D_X-Module of Brylinski-Kashiwara. We give here an algebraic characterization of the spaces Y such that L(Y,X) coincides with $H^p_{[Y]}({\cal O}_X)$, in terms of Bernstein-Sato functional equations.


When will a One Parameter Family of Unimodal Maps Produce Finite Limit Cycles Monotonically with the Parameter?

Abstract: In this note we consider a collection $\cal{C}$ of one parameter families of unimodal maps of $[0,1].$ Each family in the collection has the form $\{\mu f\}$ where $\mu\in [0,1].$ Denoting the kneading sequence of $\mu f$ by $K(\mu f)$, we will prove that for each member of $\cal{C}$, the map $\mu\mapsto K(\mu f)$ is monotone. It then follows that for each member of $\cal{C}$ the map $\mu\mapsto h(\mu f)$ is monotone, where $h(\u{f})$ is the topological entropy of $\mu f.$ For interest, $\mu f(x)=4\mu x(1-x)$ and $\mu f(x)=\mu\sin(\pi x)$ are shown to belong to $\cal{C}.$ This extends the work of Masato Tsujii [1].


The Effects of Partial Crop Harvest on Biological Pest Control

Abstract: In this paper, the effects of periodic partial harvesting of a continuously grown crop on augmentative biological control are analyzed. Partial harvesting can remove a proportion of both pests and biological control agents, so its influence on the control efficiency cannot be a priori neglected. An impulsive model consisting of a general predator-prey model in ODE, augmented by a discrete component to depict releases of biological control agents and the periodic partial harvesting is used. The periods are taken as integer multiples of each other. A stability condition for pest eradication is expressed as the minimal value of the budget per unit time to spend on predators. We consider the partial harvesting period to be fixed by both the plant's physiology and market forces so that the only manipulated variable is the release period. It is shown that varying the release period with respect to the harvest period influences the minimal budget value when the former is carried out more often than the latter and has no effect when releases take place as often as or less frequently than the partial harvests.


Analytic continuation of residue currents

Abstract: Let $X$ be a complex manifold and $f\colon X\to \C^p$ a holomorphic mapping defining a complete intersection. We prove that the iterated Mellin transform of the residue integral associated to $f$ has an analytic continuation to a neighborhood of the origin in $\C^p$.


Linear convergence of iterative soft-thresholding

Abstract: In this article a unified approach to iterative soft-thresholding algorithms for the solution of linear operator equations in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces is presented. We formulate the algorithm in the framework of generalized gradient methods and present a new convergence analysis. As main result we show that the algorithm converges with linear rate as soon as the underlying operator satisfies the so-called finite basis injectivity property or the minimizer possesses a so-called strict sparsity pattern. Moreover it is shown that the constants can be calculated explicitly in special cases (i.e. for compact operators). Furthermore, the techniques also can be used to establish linear convergence for related methods such as the iterative thresholding algorithm for joint sparsity and the accelerated gradient projection method.


Local and global methods in arithmetic (in Russian)

Abstract: Let $p$ be a prime. We discuss methods of solution of congruences modulo $p^n$ using $p$-adic numbers; these methods are similar to computations with real numbers (local methods). Examples of relations between local and global methods are given producing a passage from congruences to solutions in integers (global methods). The use of a computer is illistrated for the study of $p$-adic numbers and algebraic curves.


The hyperbolic geometric flow on Riemann surfaces

Abstract: In this paper the authors study the hyperbolic geometric flow on Riemann surfaces. This new nonlinear geometric evolution equation was recently introduced by the first two authors motivated by Einstein equation and Hamilton's Ricci flow. We prove that, for any given initial metric on ${\mathbb{R}}^{2}$ in certain class of metrics, one can always choose suitable initial velocity symmetric tensor such that the solution exists for all time, and the scalar curvature corresponding to the solution metric $g_{ij}$ keeps uniformly bounded for all time. If the initial velocity tensor does not satisfy the condition, then the solution blows up at a finite time, and the scalar curvature $R(t,x)$ goes to positive infinity as $(t,x)$ tends to the blowup points, and a flow with surgery has to be considered. The authors attempt to show that, comparing to Ricci flow, the hyperbolic geometric flow has the following advantage: the surgery technique may be replaced by choosing suitable initial velocity tensor. Some geometric properties of hyperbolic geometric flow on general open and closed Riemann surfaces are also discussed.


On q-summation and confluence

Abstract: This paper is divided in two parts. In the first part we consider irregular singular analytic q-difference equations, with q\in ]0,1[, and we show how the Borel sum of a divergent solution of a differential equation can be uniformly approximated on a convenient sector by a meromorphic solution of such a q-difference equation. In the second part, we work under the assumption q\in ]1,+\infty[. In this case, at least four different q-Borel sums of a divergent solution of an irregular singular analytic q-difference equations are spread in the literature: under convenient assumptions we clarify the relations among them.


Modular forms and $p$-adic numbers (in Russian)

Abstract: Let $p$ be a prime. We discuss $p$-adic properties of various arithmetical functions related to the coefficients of modular form and generating functions. Modular forms are considered as a tool of solving arithmetical problems. Examples of congruences between modular forms modulo $p$ and modulo $p^n$ are given, and the use of a computer for the study of modular forms is illistrated.


On permutation polytopes

Abstract: A permutation polytope is the convex hull of a group of permutation matrices. In this paper we investigate the combinatorics of permutation polytopes and their faces. As applications we completely classify permutation polytopes in dimensions 2,3,4, and the corresponding permutation groups up to a suitable notion of equivalence. We also provide a list of combinatorial types of possibly occuring faces of permutation polytopes up to dimension four.


Bandwidth Selection for Weighted Kernel Density Estimation

Abstract: In the this paper, the authors propose to estimate the density of a targeted population with a weighted kernel density estimator (wKDE) based on a weighted sample. Bandwidth selection for wKDE is discussed. Three mean integrated squared error based bandwidth estimators are introduced and their performance is illustrated via Monte Carlo simulation. The least-squares cross-validation method and the adaptive weight kernel density estimator are also studied. The authors also consider the boundary problem for interval bounded data and apply the new method to a real data set subject to informative censoring.


Formulas of F-thresholds and F-jumping coefficients on toric rings

Abstract: F-thresholds are defined by Mustata, Takagi and Watanabe in [F-thresholds and Bernstein-Sato polynomials], which are invariants of the pair of ideals on rings of characteristic $p$. In their paper, it is proved F-thresholds equal to jumping numbers for the test ideal on regular local rings. In this note, we give an formula of F-thresholds on toric rings. This formula is a generalization of the example in [Huneke, Mustata, Takagi and Watanabe:F-thresholds, tight closure, integral closure, and multiplicity bounds]. We prove that there exists an inequality between F-jumping coefficients and F-thresholds. In particular, we observe a comparison between F-pure thresholds and F-thresholds. As applications, we prove the characterization of regularity for toric rings defined by a simplicial cone, and the rationality of F-thresholds in some cases.


Gaudin functions, and Euler-Poincar\'e characteristics

Abstract: Given two positive integers n,r, we define the Gaudin function of level r to be quotient of the numerator of the determinant det(1/ ((x_i-y_j)(x_i-ty_j) ... (x_i-t^r y_j)), i,j=1..n, by the two Vandermonde in x and y. We show that it can be characterized by specializing the x-variables into the y-variables, multiplied by powers of t. This allows us to obtain the Gaudin function of level 1 (due to Korepin and Izergin) as the image of a resultant under the the Euler-Poincar\'e characteristics of the flag manifold. As a corollary, we recover a result of Warnaar about the generating function of Macdonald polynomials.


Lefschetz fibrations and symplectic homology

Abstract: We show that for each k > 3 there are infinitely many finite type Stein manifolds diffeomorphic to Euclidean space R^{2k} which are pairwise distinct as symplectic manifolds.


Estimation of Missing Data Using Computational Intelligence and Decision Trees

Abstract: This paper introduces a novel paradigm to impute missing data that combines a decision tree with an auto-associative neural network (AANN) based model and a principal component analysis-neural network (PCA-NN) based model. For each model, the decision tree is used to predict search bounds for a genetic algorithm that minimize an error function derived from the respective model. The models' ability to impute missing data is tested and compared using HIV sero-prevalance data. Results indicate an average increase in accuracy of 13% with the AANN based model's average accuracy increasing from 75.8% to 86.3% while that of the PCA-NN based model increasing from 66.1% to 81.6%.


A devil's staircase from rotations and irrationality measures for Liouville numbers

Abstract: From Sturmian and Christoffel words we derive a strictly increasing function $\Delta:[0,\infty)\to\mathbb{R}$. This function is continuous at every irrational point, while at rational points, left-continuous but not right-continuous. Moreover, it assumes algebraic integers at rationals, and transcendental numbers at irrationals. We also see that the differentiation of $\Delta$ distinguishes some irrationality measures of real numbers.


On the Area Functional of the Second Fundamental Form of Ovaloids

Abstract: The expression for the variation of the area functional of the second fundamental form of a hypersurface in a Euclidean space involves the so-called "mean curvature of the second fundamental form". Several new characteristic properties of (hyper)spheres, in which the mean curvature of the second fundamental form occurs, are given. In particular, it is shown that the spheres are the only ovaloids which are a critical point of the area functional of the second fundamental form under various constraints.


On Zeta Functions and Families of Siegel Modular Forms

Abstract: Let $p$ be a prime, and let $\Gamma=\Sp_g(\Z)$ be the Siegel modular group of genus $g$. We study $p$-adic families of zeta functions and Siegel modular forms. $L$-functions of Siegel modular forms are described in terms of motivic $L$-functions attached to $\Sp_g$, and their analytic properties are given. Critical values for the spinor $L$-functions and $p$-adic constructions are discussed. Rankin's lemma of higher genus is established. A general conjecture on a lifting from $ GSp_{2m} \times GSp_{2m}$ to $GSp_{4m}$ (of genus $g=4m$) is formulated. Constructions of $p$-adic families of Siegel modular forms are given using Ikeda-Miyawaki constructions.


Asymptotics: Particles, Processes and Inverse Problems. Festschrift for Piet Groeneboom

Abstract: In September 2006, Piet Groeneboom officially retired as professor of statistics at Delft University of Technology and the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. He did so by delivering his farewell lecture `Summa Cogitatio' ([42] in Piet's publication list) in the Aula of the university in Delft. To celebrate Piet's impressive contributions to statistics and probability, the workshop `Asymptotics: particles, processes and inverse problems' was held from July 10 until July 14, 2006, at the Lorentz Center in Leiden. Many leading researchers in the fields of probability and statistics gave talks at this workshop, and it became a memorable event for all who attended, including the organizers and Piet himself. This volume serves as a Festschrift for Piet Groeneboom. It contains papers that were presented at the workshop as well as some other contributions, and it represents the state of the art in the areas in statistics and probability where Piet has been (and still is) most active. Furthermore, a short CV of Piet Groeneboom and a list of his publications are included.


Counterexamples to continuity of optimal transportation on positively curved Riemannian manifolds

Abstract: Counterexamples to continuity of optimal transportation on Riemannian manifolds with everywhere positive sectional curvature are provided. These examples show that the condition A3w of Ma, Trudinger, & Wang is not guaranteed by positivity of sectional curvature.


Localizing the Elliott Conjecture at Strongly Self-absorbing C*-algebras --An Appendix

Abstract: This note provides some technical support to the proof of a result of W. Winter which shows that two unital separable simple amenable ${\cal Z}$-absorbing C*-algebras with locally finite decomposition property satisfying the UCT whose projections separate the traces are isomorphic if their $K$-theory is finitely generated and their Elliott invariants are the same.


On the localized phase of a copolymer in an emulsion: supercritical percolation regime

Abstract: In this paper we study a two-dimensional directed self-avoiding walk model of a random copolymer in a random emulsion. The copolymer is a random concatenation of monomers of two types, $A$ and $B$, each occurring with density 1/2. The emulsion is a random mixture of liquids of two types, $A$ and $B$, organised in large square blocks occurring with density $p$ and $1-p$, respectively, where $p \in (0,1)$. The copolymer in the emulsion has an energy that is minus $\alpha$ times the number of $AA$-matches minus $\beta$ times the number of $BB$-matches, where without loss of generality the interaction parameters can be taken from the cone $\{(\alpha,\beta)\in\R^2\colon \alpha\geq |\beta|\}$. To make the model mathematically tractable, we assume that the copolymer is directed and can only enter and exit a pair of neighbouring blocks at diagonally opposite corners. In \cite{dHW06}, it was found that in the supercritical percolation regime $p \geq p_c$, with $p_c$ the critical probability for directed bond percolation on the square lattice, the free energy has a phase transition along a curve in the cone that is independent of $p$. At this critical curve, there is a transition from a phase where the copolymer is fully delocalized into the $A$-blocks to a phase where it is partially localized near the $AB$-interface. In the present paper we prove three theorems that complete the analysis of the phase diagram : (1) the critical curve is strictly increasing; (2) the phase transition is second order; (3) the free energy is infinitely differentiable throughout the partially localized phase.


Partial Gr\"obner bases for multiobjective integer linear optimization

Abstract: In this paper we present a new methodology for solving multiobjective integer linear programs using tools from algebraic geometry. We introduce the concept of partial Gr\"obner basis for a family of multiobjective programs where the right-hand side varies. This new structure extends the notion of Gr\"obner basis for the single objective case, to the case of multiple objectives, i.e., a partial ordering instead of a total ordering over the feasible vectors. The main property of these bases is that the partial reduction of the integer elements in the kernel of the constraint matrix by the different blocks of the basis is zero. It allows us to prove that this new construction is a test family for a family of multiobjective programs. An algorithm '\`a la Buchberger' is developed to compute partial Gr\"obner bases and two different approaches are derived, using this methodology, for computing the entire set of efficient solutions of any multiobjective integer linear problem (MOILP). Some examples illustrate the application of the algorithms and computational experiments are reported on several families of problems.


Uniform Bahadur Representation for Local Polynomial Estimates of M-Regression and Its Application to The Additive Model

Abstract: We use local polynomial fitting to estimate the nonparametric M-regression function for strongly mixing stationary processes $\{(Y_{i},\underline{X}_{i})\}$. We establish a strong uniform consistency rate for the Bahadur representation of estimators of the regression function and its derivatives. These results are fundamental for statistical inference and for applications that involve plugging in such estimators into other functionals where some control over higher order terms are required. We apply our results to the estimation of an additive M-regression model.