Cohomology of normic systems and fake Z_p extensions

Abstract: We set up a general framework to study Tate cohomology groups of Galois modules along $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extensions of number fields. Under suitable assumptions on the Galois modules, we establish the existence of a five-term exact sequence in a certain quotient category whose objects are simultaneously direct and inverse systems, subject to some compatibility. The exact sequence allows one, in particular, to control the behaviour of the Tate cohomology groups of the units along $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extensions. As an application, we study the growth of class numbers along what we call "fake $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extensions of dihedral type". This study relies on a previous work, where we established a class number formula for dihedral extensions in terms of the cohomology groups of the units.


The coarse classification of countable abelian groups

Abstract: We prove that two countable locally finite-by-abelian groups G,H endowed with proper left-invariant metrics are coarsely equivalent if and only if their asymptotic dimensions coincide and the groups are either both finitely-generated or both are infinitely generated. On the other hand, we show that each countable group G that coarsely embeds into a countable abelian group is locally nilpotent-by-finite. Moreover, the group G is locally abelian-by-finite if and only if G is undistorted in the sense that G can be written as the union of countably many finitely generated subgroups G_n such that each G_n is undistorted in G_{n+1} (which means that the identity inclusion from G_n to G_{n+1} is a quasi-isometric embedding with respect to word metrics).


Test elements, retracts and automorphic orbits

Abstract: Let $A_2$ be a free associative or polynomial algebra of rank two over a field $K$ of characteristic zero. Based on the degree estimate of Makar-Limanov and J.-T.Yu, we prove: 1) An element $p \in A_2$ is a test element if $p$ does not belong to any proper retract of $A_2$; 2) Every endomorphism preserving the automorphic orbit of a nonconstant element of $A_2$ is an automorphism.


A characterization of quiver algebras based on double derivations

Abstract: Let k a characteristic zero field. We give a characterization for the finite quiver k-algebras, based on double derivations. More precisely, we prove that if an associative and unitary k-algebra have a family of double derivations satisfying suitable conditions, then it is (canonically isomorphic to) a quiver algebra. This is the non-commutative version of a result of D. Wright.


The Grothendieck-Katz Conjecture for certain locally symmetric varieties

Abstract: Using Margulis's results on lattices in semisimple Lie groups, we prove the Grothendieck-Katz $p$-Curvature Conjecture for certain locally symmetric varieties, including the moduli space of abelian varieties ${\cal A}_g$ when $g > 1.$


The Chow group of zero-cycles on certain Ch{\^a}telet surfaces over local fields

Abstract: We compute the Chow group of zero-cycles on certain Ch{\^a}telet surfaces over local fields.


Absolute norms of p-primary units

Abstract: We prove a local analogue of a theorem of J. Martinet about the absolute norm of the relative discriminant ideal of an extension of number fields. The result can be seen as a statement about 2-primary units. We also prove a similar statement about the absolute norms of p-primary units, for all primes p.


On the moments of the Riemann zeta-function in short intervals

Abstract: Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis it is proved that, for fixed $k>0$ and $H = T^\theta$ with fixed $0<\theta \le 1$, $$ \int_T^{T+H}|\zeta(1/2+it)|^{2k} dt \ll H(\log T)^{k^2(1+O(1/\log_3T))}, $$ where $\log_jT = \log(\log_{j-1}T)$. The proof is based on the recent method of K. Soundararajan for counting the occurrence of large values of $\log|\zeta(1/2+it)|$, who proved that $$ \int_0^{T}|\zeta(1/2+it)|^{2k} dt \ll_\epsilon T(\log T)^{k^2+\epsilon}. $$


An essential relation between Einstein metrics, volume entropy, and exotic smooth structures

Abstract: We show that the minimal volume entropy of closed manifolds remains unaffected when nonessential manifolds are added in a connected sum. We combine this result with the stable cohomotopy invariant of Bauer-Furuta in order to present an infinite family of four-manifolds with the following properties: 1) They have positive minimal volume entropy. 2) They satisfy a strict version of the Gromov-Hitchin-Thorpe inequality, with a minimal volume entropy term. 3) They nevertheless admit infinitely many distinct smooth structures for which no compatible Einstein metric exists.


On generic properties of finitely presented monoids and semigroups

Abstract: We study the generic properties of finitely presented monoids and semigroups. We show that for positive integers a > 1, k and m, the generic a-generator k-relation monoid and semigroup presentation (defined in any of several definite statistical senses) satisfy the small overlap condition C(m). It follows that the generic monoid is torsion-free and J-trivial and, by a recent result of the author, admits a linear time solution to its word problem and a regular language of unique normal forms for its elements. Moreover, the uniform word problem for finitely presented monoids is generically solvable in time linear in the word lengths and quadratic in the presentation size. We also prove some technical results about generic sets which may be of independent interest.


A cocycle on the group of symplectic diffeomorphisms

Abstract: We define a cocycle on the group of symplectic diffeomorphisms of a symplectic manifold and investigate its properties. The main applications are concerned with symplectic actions of discrete groups. For example, we give an alternative proof of the Polterovich theorem about the distortion of cyclic subgroups in finitely generated groups of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms.


Spatial homogenization in a stochastic network with mobility

Abstract: A stochastic model for a mobile network is studied. Users enter the network, and then perform independent Markovian routes between nodes where they receive service according to the Processor-Sharing policy. Once their service requirement is satisfied, they leave the system. The stability region is identified via a fluid limit approach, and strongly relies on a "spatial homogenization" property: at the fluid level, customers are instantaneously distributed across the network according to the stationary distribution of their Markovian dynamics and stay distributed as such as long as the network is not empty. In the unstable regime, spatial homogenization almost surely holds asymptotically as time goes to infinity (on the normal scale), telling how the system fills up. One of the technical achievements of the paper is the construction of a family of martingales associated to the multidimensional process of interest, which makes it possible to get crucial estimates for certain exit times.


Self-similarity parameter estimation and reproduction property for non-Gaussian Hermite processes

Abstract: We consider the class of all the Hermite processes $(Z_{t}^{(q,H)})_{t\in \lbrack 0,1]}$ of order $q\in \mathbf{N}^{\ast}$ and with Hurst parameter $% H\in (\frac{1}{2},1)$. The process $Z^{(q,H)}$ is $H$-selfsimilar, it has stationary increments and it exhibits long-range dependence identical to that of fractional Brownian motion (fBm). For $q=1$, $Z^{(1,H)}$ is fBm, which is Gaussian; for $q=2$, $Z^{(2,H)}$ is the Rosenblatt process, which lives in the second Wiener chaos; for any $q>2$, $Z^{(q,H)}$ is a process in the $q$th Wiener chaos. We study the variations of $Z^{(q,H)}$ for any $q$, by using multiple Wiener -It\^{o} stochastic integrals and Malliavin calculus. We prove a reproduction property for this class of processes in the sense that the terms appearing in the chaotic decomposition of their variations give rise to other Hermite processes of different orders and with different Hurst parameters. We apply our results to construct a strongly consistent estimator for the self-similarity parameter $H$ from discrete observations of $Z^{(q,H)}$; the asymptotics of this estimator, after appropriate normalization, are proved to be distributed like a Rosenblatt random variable (value at time $1$ of a Rosenblatt process).with self-similarity parameter $1+2(H-1)/q$.


The Rank of the Endomorphism Monoid of a Partition

Abstract: The rank of a semigroup is the cardinality of a smallest generating set. In this paper we compute the rank of the endomorphism monoid of a non-trivial uniform partition of a finite set, that is, the semigroup of those transformations of a finite set that leave a non-trivial uniform partition invariant. That involves proving that the rank of a wreath product of two symmetric groups is two and then use the fact that the endomorphism monoid of a partition is isomorphic to a wreath product of two full transformation semigroups. The calculation of the rank of these semigroups solves an open question.


ULD-Lattices and Delta-Bonds

Abstract: We provide a characterization of upper locally distributive lattices (ULD-lattices) in terms of edge colorings of their cover graphs. In many instances where a set of combinatorial objects carries the order structure of a lattice this characterization yields a slick proof of distributivity or UL-distributivity. This is exemplified by proving a distributive lattice structure on Delta-bonds with invariant circular flow-difference. This instance generalizes several previously studied lattice structures, in particular, c-orientations (Propp), alpha-orientations of planar graphs (Felsner, resp. de Mendez) and planar flows (Khuller, Naor and Klein). The characterization also applies to other instances, e.g. to chip-firing games.


Negative volatility for a 2-dimensional square root SDE

Abstract: In affine term structure models the short rate is modelled as an affine transformation of a multi-dimensional square root process. Sufficient conditions to avoid negative volatility factors are the multivariate Feller conditions. We will prove their necessity for a 2-dimensional square root SDE with one volatility factor by presenting a methodology based on measure transformations and solving linear systems of ordinary differential equations.


The supersingular locus in Siegel modular varieties with Iwahori level structure

Abstract: We study moduli spaces of abelian varieties in positive characteristic, more specifically the moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties on the one hand, and the analogous space with Iwahori type level structure, on the other hand. We investigate the Ekedahl-Oort stratification on the former, the Kottwitz-Rapoport stratification on the latter, and their relationship. In this way, we obtain structural results about the supersingular locus in the case of Iwahori level structure, for instance a formula for its dimension in case $g$ is even.


Reducing almost Lagrangian structures and almost CR geometries to partially integrable structures

Abstract: This paper demostrates a method for analysing almost CR geometries $(H,J)$, by uniquley defining a partially integrable structure $(H,K)$ from the same data. Thus two almost CR geometries $(H,J)$ and $(H',J')$ are equivalent if and and only if they generate isomorphic induced partially integrable CR geometries $(H,K)$ and $(H',K')$, and if the set of CR morphisms between these spaces contains an element that maps $J$ to $J'$. Similar results hold for almost Lagrangian structures.


Algebras over Cobar(coFrob)

Abstract: We show that a square zero, degree one element in W(V), the Weyl algebra on a vector space V, is equivalent to providing V with the structure of an algebra over the properad Cobar(coFrob), the properad arising from the cobar construction applied to the cofrobenius coproperad.


Meromorphic functions with several essential singularities

Abstract: A two-parameter characteristic of functions meromorphic on annuli is introduced and an extension of the Nevanlinna value distribution theory for such functions is proposed.


Pivoting in Linear Complementarity: Two Polynomial-Time Cases

Abstract: We study the behavior of simple principal pivoting methods for the P-matrix linear complementarity problem (P-LCP). We solve an open problem of Morris by showing that Murty's least-index pivot rule (under any fixed index order) leads to a quadratic number of iterations on Morris's highly cyclic P-LCP examples. We then show that on K-matrix LCP instances, all pivot rules require only a linear number of iterations. As the main tool, we employ unique-sink orientations of cubes, a useful combinatorial abstraction of the P-LCP.


$\sigma$-continuity and related forcings

Abstract: The Steprans forcing notion arises as a quotient of Borel sets modulo the ideal of $\sigma$-continuity of a certain Borel not $\sigma$-continuous function. We give a characterization of this forcing in the language of trees and using this characterization we establish such properties of the forcing as fusion and continuous reading of names. Although the latter property is usually implied by the fact that the associated ideal is generated by closed sets, we show it is not the case with Steprans forcing. We also establish a connection between Steprans forcing and Miller forcing thus giving a new description of the latter. Eventually, we exhibit a variety of forcing notions which do not have continuous reading of names in any presentation.


Firmly nonexpansive and Kirszbraun-Valentine extensions: a constructive approach via monotone operator theory

Abstract: Utilizing our recent proximal-average based results on the constructive extension of monotone operators, we provide a novel approach to the celebrated Kirszbraun-Valentine Theorem and to the extension of firmly nonexpansive mappings.


Global regularity for some classes of large solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract: In three previous papers by the two first authors, classes of initial data to the three dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were presented, generating a global smooth solution although the norm of the initial data may be chosen arbitrarily large. The main feature of the initial data considered in the last paper is that it varies slowly in one direction, though in some sense it is ``well prepared'' (its norm is large but does not depend on the slow parameter). The aim of this article is to generalize the setting of that last paper to an ``ill prepared'' situation (the norm blows up as the small parameter goes to zero).The proof uses the special structure of the nonlinear term of the equation.


Semiparametric curve alignment and shift density estimation for biological data

Abstract: Assume that we observe a large number of curves, all of them with identical, although unknown, shape, but with a different random shift. The objective is to estimate the individual time shifts and their distribution. Such an objective appears in several biological applications like neuroscience or ECG signal processing, in which the estimation of the distribution of the elapsed time between repetitive pulses with a possibly low signal-noise ratio, and without a knowledge of the pulse shape is of interest. We suggest an M-estimator leading to a three-stage algorithm: we split our data set in blocks, on which the estimation of the shifts is done by minimizing a cost criterion based on a functional of the periodogram; the estimated shifts are then plugged into a standard density estimator. We show that under mild regularity assumptions the density estimate converges weakly to the true shift distribution. The theory is applied both to simulations and to alignment of real ECG signals. The estimator of the shift distribution performs well, even in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio, and is shown to outperform the standard methods for curve alignment.


Holomorphic transforms with application to affine processes

Abstract: In a rather general setting of It\^o-L\'evy processes we study a class of transforms (Fourier for example) of the state variable of a process which are holomorphic in some disc around time zero in the complex plane. We show that such transforms are related to a system of analytic vectors for the generator of the process, and we state conditions which allow for holomorphic extension of these transforms into a strip which contains the positive real axis. Based on these extensions we develop a functional series expansion of these transforms in terms of the constituents of the generator. As application, we show that for multidimensional affine It\^o-L\'evy processes with state dependent jump part the Fourier transform is holomorphic in a time strip under some stationarity conditions, and give log-affine series representations for the transform.


On real moduli spaces over M-curves

Abstract: Let $F$ be a genus $g$ curve and $\sigma: F \to F$ a real structure with the maximal possible number of fixed circles. We study the real moduli space $\N' = \Fix (\sigma^{#})$ where $\sigma^{#}: \N \to \N$ is the induced real structure on the moduli space $\N$ of stable holomorphic bundles of rank 2 over $F$ with fixed non-trivial determinant. In particular, we calculate $H^* (\N',\mathbb Z)$ in the case of $g = 2$, generalizing Thaddeus' approach to computing $H^* (\N,\mathbb Z)$.


Cohomology and Immersed Curves

Abstract: We introduce a new cohomology-theoretic method for classifying generic immersed curves in closed compact surfaces by using Gauss codes. This subsumes a result of J.S. Carter on classifying immersed curves in oriented compact surfaces, and provides a criterion for when an immersion is two-colorable. We note an application to twisted virtual link theory.


Column basis reduction, and decomposable knapsack problems

Abstract: We propose a very simple preconditioning method for integer programming feasibility problems: replacing the problem b' <= Ax <= b, x \in Z^n with b' <= AUy <= b, y \in Z^n, where U is a unimodular matrix computed via basis reduction, to make the columns of $AU$ short and nearly orthogonal. The reformulation is called rangespace reformulation. It is motivated by the reformulation technique proposed for equality constrained IPs by Aardal, Hurkens and Lenstra. We also study a family of IP instances, called decomposable knapsack problems (DKPs). DKPs generalize the instances proposed by Jeroslow, Chvatal and Todd, Avis, Aardal and Lenstra, and Cornuejols et al. DKPs are knapsack problems with a constraint vector of the form $pM + r, $ with $p >0$ and $r$ integral vectors, and $M$ a large integer. If the parameters are suitably chosen in DKPs, we prove 1) hardness results for these problems, when branch-and-bound branching on individual variables is applied; 2) that they are easy, if one branches on the constraint $px$ instead; and 3) that branching on the last few variables in either the rangespace- or the AHL-reformulations is equivalent to branching on $px$ in the original problem. We also provide recipes to generate such instances. Our computational study confirms that the behavior of the studied instances in practice is as predicted by the theoretical results.


Local behavior of p-harmonic Green's functions in metric spaces

Abstract: We describe the behavior of p-harmonic Green's functions near a singularity in metric measure spaces equipped with a doubling measure and supporting a Poincar\'e inequality.


The geometry of unitary 2-representations of finite groups and their 2-characters

Abstract: Motivated by topological quantum field theory, we investigate the geometric aspects of unitary 2-representations of finite groups on 2-Hilbert spaces, and their 2-characters. We show how the basic ideas of geometric quantization are `categorified' in this context: just as representations of groups correspond to equivariant line bundles, 2-representations of groups correspond to equivariant gerbes. We also show how the 2-character of a 2-representation can be made functorial with respect to morphisms of 2-representations. Under the geometric correspondence, the 2-character of a 2-representation corresponds to the geometric character of its associated equivariant gerbe. This enables us to show that the complexified 2-character is a unitarily fully faithful functor from the complexified homotopy category of unitary 2-representations to the category of unitary equivariant vector bundles over the group.


Surgery obstructions from Khovanov homology

Abstract: For a 3-manifold with torus boundary admitting an appropriate involution, we show that Khovanov homology provides obstructions to certain exceptional Dehn fillings. For example, given a strongly invertible knot in S^3, we give obstructions to lens space surgeries, as well as obstructions to surgeries with finite fundamental group. These obstructions are based on homological width in Khovanov homology, and in the case of finite fundamental group depend on a calculation of the homological width for a family of Montesinos links.


A multimodular algorithm for computing Bernoulli numbers

Abstract: We describe an algorithm for computing Bernoulli numbers. Using a parallel implementation, we have computed B(k) for k = 10^8, a new record. Our method is to compute B(k) modulo p for many small primes p, and then reconstruct B(k) via the Chinese Remainder Theorem. The asymptotic time complexity is O(k^2 log(k)^(2+epsilon)), matching that of existing algorithms that exploit the relationship between B(k) and the Riemann zeta function. Our implementation is significantly faster than several existing implementations of the zeta-function method.


Nonsymmetric interpolation Macdonald polynomials and g_n basic hypergeometric series

Abstract: The Knop-Sahi interpolation Macdonald polynomials are inhomogeneous and nonsymmetric generalisations of the well-known Macdonald polynomials. In this paper we apply the interpolation Macdonald polynomials to study a new type of basic hypergeometric series of type g_n. Our main results include a new q-binomial theorem, new q-Gauss sum, and several transformation formulae for g_n series.


Second structure relation for $q$-semiclassical polynomials of the Hahn Tableau

Abstract: The q-classical orthogonal polynomials of the q-Hahn Tableau are characterized from their orthogonality condition and by a first and a second structure relation. Unfortunately, for the q-semiclassical orthogonal polynomials (a generalization of the classical ones) we find only in the literature the first structure relation. In this paper, a second structure relation is deduced. In particular, by means of a general finite-type relation between a q-semiclassical polynomial sequence and the sequence of its q-differences such a structure relation is obtained.


Thermoacoustic tomography with detectors on an open curve: an efficient reconstruction algorithm

Abstract: Practical applications of thermoacoustic tomography require numerical inversion of the spherical mean Radon transform with the centers of integration spheres occupying an open surface. Solution of this problem is needed (both in 2-D and 3-D) because frequently the region of interest cannot be completely surrounded by the detectors, as it happens, for example, in breast imaging. We present an efficient numerical algorithm for solving this problem in 2-D (similar methods are applicable in the 3-D case). Our method is based on the numerical approximation of plane waves by certain single layer potentials related to the acquisition geometry. After the densities of these potentials have been precomputed, each subsequent image reconstruction has the complexity of the regular filtration backprojection algorithm for the classical Radon transform. The peformance of the method is demonstrated in several numerical examples: one can see that the algorithm produces very accurate reconstructions if the data are accurate and sufficiently well sampled, on the other hand, it is sufficiently stable with respect to noise in the data.


Adaptive multiresolution schemes with local time stepping for two-dimensional degenerate reaction-diffusion systems

Abstract: We present a fully adaptive multiresolution scheme for spatially two-dimensional, possibly degenerate reaction-diffusion systems, focusing on combustion models and models of pattern formation and chemotaxis in mathematical biology. Solutions of these equations in these applications exhibit steep gradients, and in the degenerate case, sharp fronts and discontinuities. The multiresolution scheme is based on finite volume discretizations with explicit time stepping. The multiresolution representation of the solution is stored in a graded tree. By a thresholding procedure, namely the elimination of leaves that are smaller than a threshold value, substantial data compression and CPU time reduction is attained. The threshold value is chosen optimally, in the sense that the total error of the adaptive scheme is of the same slope as that of the reference finite volume scheme. Since chemical reactions involve a large range of temporal scales, but are spatially well localized (especially in the combustion model), a locally varying adaptive time stepping strategy is applied. It turns out that local time stepping accelerates the adaptive multiresolution method by a factor of two, while the error remains controlled.


Some sufficient conditions of a given series with rational terms converging to an irrational number or a transcdental number

Abstract: In this paper, we propose various sufficient conditions to determine if a given real number is an irrational number or a transcendental number and also apply these conditions to some interesting examples, particularly,one of them comes from complex analytic dynamics


Minimal Lagrangian surfaces in the tangent bundle of a Riemannian surface

Abstract: Given an oriented Riemannian surface $(\Sigma, g)$, its tangent bundle $T\Sigma$ enjoys a natural pseudo-K\"{a}hler structure, that is the combination of a complex structure $\J$, a pseudo-metric $\G$ with neutral signature and a symplectic structure $\Om$. We give a local classification of those surfaces of $T\Sigma$ which are both Lagrangian with respect to $\Om$ and minimal with respect to $\G$. We first show that if $g$ is non-flat, the only such surfaces are affine normal bundles over geodesics. In the flat case there is, in contrast, a large set of Lagrangian minimal surfaces, which is described explicitly. As an application, we show that motions of surfaces in $\R^3$ or $\R^3_1$ induce Hamiltonian motions of their normal congruences, which are Lagrangian surfaces in $T\S^2$ or $T \H^2$ respectively. We relate the area of the congruence to a second-order functional $\mathcal{F}=\int \sqrt{H^2-K} dA$ on the original surface.


Notes on De Jong's period=index theorem for central simple algebras over fields of transcendence degree two

Abstract: These are notes on de Jong's proof of the period=index theorem over fields of transcendence degree two. They are actually about the simplified proof sketched by de Jong in the last section of his paper. These notes were meant as support for my lectures at the summer school "Central Simple Algebras over Function Fields" at the Universitat Konstanz between August, 26 and September, 1 2007 (other lectures on this subject were given by Philippe Gille, Andrew Kresch, Max Lieblich, Tamas Szamuely and Jan Van Geel). No originality is intended (except perhaps a little in the proof of the Artin splitting theorem). Various sources on which the material is based are indicated in the notes. The reader should be warned that these notes have not been updated to reflect developments in the subject which occurred after the end of the summerschool.


The Regular C*-algebra of an Integral Domain

Abstract: To each integral domain R with finite quotients we associate a purely infinite simple C*-algebra in a very natural way. Its stabilization can be identified with the crossed product of the algebra of continuous functions on the "finite adele space" corresponding to R by the action of the ax+b-group over the quotient field Q(R). We study the relationship to generalized Bost-Connes systems and deduce for them a description as universal C*-algebras with the help of our construction.


A uniqueness result for Kirchhoff equations with non-Lipschitz nonlinear term

Abstract: We consider the second order Cauchy problem $$u''+\m{u}Au=0, u(0)=u_{0}, u'(0)=u_{1},$$ where $m:[0,+\infty)\to[0,+\infty)$ is a continuous function, and $A$ is a self-adjoint nonnegative operator with dense domain on a Hilbert space. It is well known that this problem admits local-in-time solutions provided that $u_{0}$ and $u_{1}$ are regular enough, depending on the continuity modulus of $m$. It is also well known that the solution is unique when $m$ is locally Lipschitz continuous. In this paper we prove that if either $<Au_{0},u_{1}>\neq 0$, or $|A^{1/2}u_{1}|^{2}\neq\m{u_{0}}|Au_{0}|^{2}$, then the local solution is unique even if $m$ is not Lipschitz continuous.


Almost Sure Stabilization for Adaptive Controls of Regime-switching LQ Systems with A Hidden Markov Chain

Abstract: This work is devoted to the almost sure stabilization of adaptive control systems that involve an unknown Markov chain. The control system displays continuous dynamics represented by differential equations and discrete events given by a hidden Markov chain. Different from previous work on stabilization of adaptive controlled systems with a hidden Markov chain, where average criteria were considered, this work focuses on the almost sure stabilization or sample path stabilization of the underlying processes. Under simple conditions, it is shown that as long as the feedback controls have linear growth in the continuous component, the resulting process is regular. Moreover, by appropriate choice of the Lyapunov functions, it is shown that the adaptive system is stabilizable almost surely. As a by-product, it is also established that the controlled process is positive recurrent.


A Generalized Mixed Zero-sum Stochastic Differential Game and Double Barrier Reflected BSDEs with Quadratic Growth Coefficient

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the study of mixed zero-sum two-player stochastic differential games in the situation when the player's cost functionals are modeled by doubly controlled reflected backward stochastic equations with two barriers whose coefficients have quadratic growth in Z. This is a generalization of the risk-sensitive payoffs. We show that the lower and the upper value function associated with this stochastic differential game with reflection are deterministic and they are also the unique viscosity solutions for two Isaacs equations with obstacles.


The Weil--Petersson geometry of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces

Abstract: In [4], Z. Huang showed that in the thick part of the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_g$ of compact Riemann surfaces of genus $g$, the sectional curvature of the Weil--Petersson metric is bounded below by a constant depending on injectivity radius, but independent of the genus $g$. In this article, we prove this result by a different method. We also show that the same result holds for Ricci curvature. For the universal Teichm\"uller space equipped with Hilbert structure induced by Weil--Petersson metric, we prove that its sectional curvature is bounded below by a universal constant.


On the Colored Jones Polynomial, Sutured Floer homology, and Knot Floer homology

Abstract: Let K in S^3 be a knot, and let \widetilde{K} denote the preimage of K inside its double branched cover, \Sigma(K). We prove, for each integer n > 1, the existence of a spectral sequence from Khovanov's categorification of the reduced n-colored Jones polynomial of the mirror of K to the knot Floer homology of (\Sigma(K),\widetilde{K}) (when n odd) and to (S^3, K # K) (when n even). A corollary of our result is that Khovanov's categorification of the reduced n-colored Jones polynomial detects the unknot whenever n>1.


Two Generalizations of Tensor Products, Beyond Vector Spaces

Abstract: Two successive generalizations of the usual tensor products are given. One can be constructed for arbitrary binary operations, and not only for semigroups, groups or vector spaces. The second one, still more general, is constructed for arbitrary generators on sets.


Mean curvature flow via convex functions on Grassmannian manifolds

Abstract: Using the convex functions in Grassmannian manifolds we can carry out interior estimates for mean curvature flow of higher codimension. In this way some of the results of Ecker-Huisken can be generalized to higher codimension


A Multidimensional Central Sets Theorem

Abstract: The Theorems of Hindman and van der Waerden belong to the classical theorems of partition Ramsey Theory. The Central Sets Theorem is a strong simultaneous extension of both theorems that applies to general commutative semigroups. We give a common extension of the Central Sets Theorem and Ramsey's Theorem.


Strong characterizing sequences of countable groups

Abstract: Andr\'as Bir\'o and Vera S\'os prove that for any subgroup $G$ of $\T$ generated freely by finitely many generators there is a sequence $A\subset \N$ such that for all $\beta \in \T$ we have ($\|.\|$ denotes the distance to the nearest integer) $$\beta\in G \Rightarrow \sum_{n\in A} \| n \beta\| < \infty,\quad \quad \quad \beta\notin G \Rightarrow \limsup_{n\in A, n \to \infty} \|n \beta\| > 0. $$ We extend this result to arbitrary countable subgroups of $\T$. We also show that not only the sum of norms but the sum of arbitrary small powers of these norms can be kept small. Our proof combines ideas from the above article with new methods, involving a filter characterization of subgroups of $\T$.


A variant of the Hales-Jewett Theorem

Abstract: It was shown by V. Bergelson that any set B with positive upper multiplicative density contains nicely intertwined arithmetic and geometric progressions: For each positive integer k there exist integers a,b,d such that $ {b(a+id)^j:i,j \in\nhat k}\subset B. $ In particular one cell of each finite partition of the positive integers contains such configurations. We prove a Hales-Jewett type extension of this partition theorem.


Duality for Borel measurable cost functions

Abstract: We consider the Monge-Kantorovich transport problem in an abstract measure theoretic setting. Our main result states that duality holds if $c:X\times Y\to [0,\infty)$ is an arbitrary Borel measurable cost function on the product of Polish spaces $X,Y$. In the course of the proof we show how to relate a non - optimal transport plan to the optimal transport costs via a ``subsidy'' function and how to identify the dual optimizer. We also provide some examples showing the limitations of the duality relations.


Fixed point theory and trace for bicategories

Abstract: The Lefschetz fixed point theorem follows easily from the identification of the Lefschetz number with the fixed point index. This identification is a consequence of the functoriality of the trace in symmetric monoidal categories. There are refinements of the Lefschetz number and the fixed point index that give a converse to the Lefschetz fixed point theorem. An important part of this theorem is the identification of these different invariants. We define a generalization of the trace in symmetric monoidal categories to a trace in bicategories with shadows. We show the invariants used in the converse of the Lefschetz fixed point theorem are examples of this trace and that the functoriality of the trace provides some of the necessary identifications. The methods used here do not use simplicial techniques and so generalize readily to other contexts.


Coupled Hamiltonian systems with extended affine Weyl group symmetry of type $D_3^{(2)}$

Abstract: We find a two-parameter family of ordinary differential systems in dimension five with the affine Weyl group symmetry of type $D_3^{(2)}$. We show its symmetry and holomorphy conditions. This is the second example which gave higher order Painlev\'e type systems of type $D_{3}^{(2)}$. By obtaining its first integrals of polynomial type, we can obtain a two-parameter family of coupled Hamiltonian systems in dimension four with the polynomial Hamiltonian.


Blocks and families for cyclotomic Hecke algebras

Abstract: The families of characters, defined by Lusztig for Weyl groups, play an important role in the representation theory of finite reductive groups. The definition of Rouquier for the families of characters in terms of blocks of the Hecke algebra has made possible the generalization of this notion to the case of complex reflection groups. In this article, we study the Rouquier blocks of the cyclotomic Hecke algebras and we show that they depend on numerical data determined by the generic Hecke algebra. Moreover, we provide the algorithm and the results of their determination for all exceptional complex reflection groups.


Correction to ``Knotted Hamiltonian cycles in spatial embeddings of complete graphs"

Abstract: We state and prove a correct version of a theorem presented in an earlier paper.


Brill-Noether theory of binary curves

Abstract: Final version, to appear in Mathematical Research Letters.


Approximation of the Semigroup generated by the Robin Laplacian in terms of the Gaussian Semigroup

Abstract: For smooth bounded open sets in euclidean space, we construct corresponding contractive linear extension operators for the space of continuous functions which preserve regularity of functions in the domain of the Robin Laplacian. We also prove a Trotter-like approximation for the semigroup generated by the Laplacian subject to Robin boundary conditions in terms of these extension operators. The limiting case of Dirichlet boundary conditions is treated separately.


On Weyl resolutions associated to Frobenius twists

Abstract: We construct Weyl resolutions associated to certain Frobenius twists of divided powers. Using these and other related complexes we obtain the Weyl filtration dimension of the Schur algebras S(2,r), a result due to A. Parker.


On the Kauffman bracket skein module of surgery on a (2,2b) torus link

Abstract: We show that the Kauffman bracket skein modules of certain manifolds obtained from integral surgery on a (2,2b) torus link are finitely generated, and list the generators for select examples.


Regular polynomial interpolation and approximation of global solutions of linear partial differential equations

Abstract: We consider regular polynomial interpolation algorithms on recursively defined sets of interpolation points which approximate global solutions of arbitrary well-posed systems of linear partial differential equations. Convergence of the 'limit' of the recursively constructed family of polynomials to the solution and error estimates are obtained from a priori estimates for some standard classes of linear partial differential equations, i.e. elliptic and hyperbolic equations. Another variation of the algorithm allows to construct polynomial interpolations which preserve systems of linear partial differential equations at the interpolation points. We show how this can be applied in order to compute higher order terms of WKB-approximations of fundamental solutions of a large class of linear parabolic equations. The error estimates are sensitive to the regularity of the solution. Our method is compatible with recent developments for solution of higher dimensional partial differential equations, i.e. (adaptive) sparse grids, and weighted Monte-Carlo, and has obvious applications to mathematical finance and physics.


The regularity and exponential decay of solution for a linear wave equation associated with two-point boundary conditions

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the existence and the regularity of global solutions to the linear wave equation associated with two-point type boundary conditions. We also investigate the decay properties of the global solutions to this problem by the construction of a suitable Lyapunov functional.


Ergodic BSDEs and related PDEs with Neumann boundary conditions

Abstract: We study a new class of ergodic backward stochastic differential equations (EBSDEs for short) which is linked with semi-linear Neumann type boundary value problems related to ergodic phenomenas. The particularity of these problems is that the ergodic constant appears in Neumann boundary conditions. We study the existence and uniqueness of solutions to EBSDEs and the link with partial differential equations. Then we apply these results to optimal ergodic control problems.


Depth-zero base change for ramified U(2,1)

Abstract: We give an explicit description of L-packets and quadratic base change for depth-zero representations of ramified unitary groups in two and three variables. We show that this base change lifting is compatible with a certain lifting of families of representations of finite groups. We conjecture that such a compatibility is valid in much greater generality.


On convergence of solutions to equilibria for quasilinear parabolic problems

Abstract: We show convergence of solutions to equilibria for quasilinear parabolic evolution equations in situations where the set of equilibria is non-discrete, but forms a finite-dimensional $C^1$-manifold which is normally hyperbolic. Our results do not depend on the presence of an appropriate Lyapunov functional as in the \L ojasiewicz-Simon approach, but are of local nature.


Bounding Betti numbers of bipartite graph ideals

Abstract: We prove a conjectured lower bound of Nagel and Reiner on Betti numbers of edge ideals of bipartite graphs.


Scaling of Saddle-Node Bifurcations: Degeneracies and Rapid Quantitative Changes

Abstract: The scaling of the time delay near a "bottleneck" of a generic saddle-node bifurcation is well-known to be given by an inverse square-root law. We extend the analysis to several non-generic cases for smooth vector fields. We proceed to investigate $C^0$ vector fields. Our main result is a new phenomenon in two-parameter families having a saddle-node bifurcation upon changing the first parameter. We find distinct scalings for different values of the second parameter ranging from power laws with exponents in (0,1) to scalings given by O(1). We illustrate this rapid quantitative change of the scaling law by a an overdamped pendulum with varying length.


Iterated Point-Line Configurations Grow Doubly-Exponentially

Abstract: Begin with a set of four points in the real plane in general position. Add to this collection the intersection of all lines through pairs of these points. Iterate. Ismailescu and Radoi\v{c}i\'{c} (2003) showed that the limiting set is dense in the plane. We give doubly exponential upper and lower bounds on the number of points at each stage. The proof employs a variant of the Szemer\'edi-Trotter Theorem and an analysis of the ``minimum degree'' of the growing configuration.


Gradings on the Kac superalgebra

Abstract: We classify the gradings on the Kac superalgebra up to equivalence.


Some Ramsey results for the n-cube

Abstract: In this note we establish a Ramsey-type result for certain subsets of the $n$-dimensional cube. This can then be applied to obtain reasonable bounds on various related structures, such as (partial) Hales-Jewett lines for alphabets of sized 3 and 4, Hilbert cubes in sets of real numbers with small sumsets, "corner" in the integer lattice in the plane, and 3-term geometric progressions in integers.


Large-Sample Confidence Intervals for the Treatment Difference in a Two-Period Crossover Trial, Utilizing Prior Information

Abstract: Consider a two-treatment, two-period crossover trial, with responses that are continuous random variables. We find a large-sample frequentist 1-alpha confidence interval for the treatment difference that utilizes the uncertain prior information that there is no differential carryover effect.


A splitting theorem for equifocal submanifolds with non-flat section

Abstract: In this paper, I prove a splitting theorem for equifocal submanifolds with non-flat section in a simply connected symmetric space of compact type. Also, by using the splitting theorem, I prove that the sections of equifocal submanifolds with non-flat section in an irreducible simply connected symmetric space of compact type are isometric to a sphere or a real projective space.


On the Completeness of Gradient Ricci Solitons

Abstract: A gradient Ricci soliton is a triple $(M,g,f)$ satisfying $R_{ij}+\nabla_i\nabla_j f=\lambda g_{ij}$ for some real number $\lambda$. In this paper, we will show that the completeness of the metric $g$ implies that of the vector field $\nabla f$.


Gradient Shrinking Solitons with Vanishing Weyl Tensor

Abstract: In this paper, we will give a local version of the Hamilton-Ivey type pinching estimate of the gradient shrinking soliton with vanishing Weyl tensor, and then give a complete classification on gradient shrinking solitons with vanishing Weyl tensor.


Lie properties of crossed products

Abstract: Let $F^\lambda_{\sigma} [G]$ be a crossed product of a group $G$ and the field $F$. We study the Lie properties of $F^\lambda_{\sigma} [G]$ in order to obtain a characterization of those crossed products which are upper (lower) Lie nilpotent and Lie $(n,m)$-Engel.


Uniqueness of signed measures solving the continuity equation for Osgood vector fields

Abstract: Nonnegative measure-valued solutions of the continuity equation are uniquely determined by their initial condition, if the characteristic ODE associated to the velocity field has a unique solution. In this paper we give a partial extension of this result to signed measure-valued solutions, under a quantitative two-sided Osgood condition on the velocity field. Our results extend those obtained for log-Lipschitz vector fields by Bahouri and Chemin.


On the Conley decomposition of Mather sets

Abstract: In the context of Mather's theory of Lagrangian systems, we study the decomposition in chain-transitive classes of the Mather invariant sets. As an application, we prove, under appropriate hypotheses, the semi-continuity of the so-called Aubry set as a function of the Lagrangian.


Evolution Families and the Loewner Equation I: The Unit Disc

Abstract: In this paper we introduce a general version of the Loewner differential equation which allows us to present a new and unified treatment of both the radial equation introduced in 1923 by K. Loewner and the chordal equation introduced in 2000 by O. Schramm. In particular, we prove that evolution families in the unit disc are in one to one correspondence with solutions to this new type of Loewner equations. Also, we give a Berkson-Porta type formula for non-autonomous weak holomorphic vector fields which generate such Loewner differential equations and study in detail geometric and dynamical properties of evolution families.


The homogeneous slice theorem for the complete complexification of a proper complex equifocal submanifold

Abstract: We investigate the homogeneity of certain kind of slices of the complete complexification of a proper complex equifocal submanifold in a symmetric space of non-compact type.


Hamiltonian Systems: Stability and Instability Theory

Abstract: This is a short survey on Nekhoroshev theory, KAM theory, and Arnold's diffusion.


A generic property of families of Lagrangian systems

Abstract: We prove that a generic lagrangian has finitely many minimizing measures for every cohomology class.


Perturbation d'un hamiltonien partiellement hyperbolique

Abstract: Arnold's diffusion in quasi integrable hamiltonian systems occurs in exponentially large time. We study an initially hyperbolic system which admits diffusion in polynomial time.


The complexifications of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds and anti-Kaehler geometry

Abstract: In this paper, we first define the complexification of a real analytic map between real analytic Koszul manifolds and show that the complexified map is the holomorphic extension of the original map. Next we define an anti-Kaehler metric compatible with the adapted complex structure on the complexification of a real analytic pseudo-Riemannian manifold. In particular, for a pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous space, we define another complexification and a (complete) anti-Kaehler metric on the complexification. One of main purposes of this paper is to find the interesting relation between these two complexifications (equipped with the anti-Kaehler metrics) of a pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous space. Another of main purposes of this paper is to show that almost all principal orbits of some isometric action on the first complexification (equipped with the anti-Kaehler metric) of a semi-simple pseudo-Riemannian symmetric space are curvature-adapted isoparametric submanifolds with flat section in the sense of this paper.


Hermann type actions on a pseudo-Riemannian symmetric space

Abstract: We first investigate the geometry of orbits of the isotropy action on a semi-simple pseudo-Riemannian symmetric space by investigating the complexified action. Next we investigate the geometry of the orbits of Hermann type actions on the symmetric spaces. By considering two special Hermann type actions on the symmetric space, we recognize an interesting structure of the symmetric space.


Homogeneity of proper complex equifocal submanifolds

Abstract: In this paper, we show that an irreducible proper complex equifocal submanifold of codimension greater than one in a symmetric space of non-compact type. The proof is performed by showing the homogeneity of the lift of the complexification of the original submanifold to some infinite dimensional anti-Kahelerian space.


On equifocal submanifolds with non-flat section in symmetric spaces of rank two

Abstract: In this paper, we show that there exists no equifocal submanifold with non-flat section in four irreducible simply connected symmetric spaces of compact type and rank two. Also, we show a fact for the sections of equifocal submanifolds with non-flat section in other irreducible simply connected symmetric spaces of compact type and rank two.


Examples of a complex hyperpolar actions without singular orbit

Abstract: The notion of a complex hyperpolar action on a symmetric space of non-compact type has recently been introduced as counterpart of a hyperpolar action on a symmetric space of compact type. In this paper, we construct examples of a complex hyperpolar action without singular orbit and investigate the geometry of the orbits of the examples.


Ergodic actions of mapping class groups on moduli spaces of representations of non-orientable surfaces

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to study the action of the mapping class group on the moduli space of representations of the fundamental group of a non-orientable surface into SU(2). The action is shown to be ergodic with respect to a natural measure. This measure is defined using the push-forward measure associated to a map defined by the presentation of the surface group. given by the pushforward of Haar measure. This result is an extension of earlier results of Goldman for orientable surfaces.


Finding Short Cycles in an Embedded Graph in Polynomial Time

Abstract: Let ${\cal{C}}_1$ be the set of fundamental cycles of breadth-first-search trees in a graph $G$ and ${\cal{C}}_2$ the set of the sums of two cycles in ${\cal{C}}_1$. Then we show that $(1) {\cal{C}}={\cal{C}}_1\bigcup{\cal{C}}_2$ contains a shortest $\Pi$-twosided cycle in a $\Pi$-embedded graph $G$;$(2)$ $\cal{C}$ contains all the possible shortest even cycles in a graph $G$;$(3)$ If a shortest cycle in a graph $G$ is an odd cycle, then $\cal{C}$ contains all the shortest odd cycles in $G$. This implies the existence of a polynomially bounded algorithm to find a shortest $\Pi-$twosided cycle in an embedded graph and thus solves an open problem of B.Mohar and C.Thomassen[2,pp112]


Piatetski-Shapiro's phenomenon and related problems

Abstract: This Ph.D. thesis, prepared under the supervision of Prof. Alexander Olevskii, is concerned with some problems in two areas of Fourier Analysis: uniqueness theory of trigonometric expansions, and the theory of translation invariant subspaces in function spaces. Our main result in the first area extends to $\ell_q$ spaces ($q > 2$) a deep phenomenon found by Piatetski-Shapiro in 1954 for the space $c_0$. The approach we developed also enabled us to get a result in the second mentioned area, which a priori does not look connected with the first one. The result (maybe, a bit surprising) is: one cannot characterize the functions in $\ell_p(\Z)$ or $L^p(\R)$, $1 < p < 2$, whose translates span the whole space, by the zero set of their Fourier transform. This should be contrasted against the classical Wiener theorems related to the cases $p=1,2$.


The centipede is determined by its Laplacian spectrum

Abstract: A centipede is a graph obtained by appending a pendant vertex to each vertex of degree 2 of a path. In this paper we prove that the centipede is determined by its Laplacian spectrum.


Continuous dependence results for Non-linear Neumann type boundary value problems

Abstract: We obtain estimates on the continuous dependence on the coefficient for second order non-linear degenerate Neumann type boundary value problems. Our results extend previous work of Cockburn et.al., Jakobsen-Karlsen, and Gripenberg to problems with more general boundary conditions and domains. A new feature here is that we account for the dependence on the boundary conditions. As one application of our continuous dependence results, we derive for the first time the rate of convergence for the vanishing viscosity method for such problems. We also derive new explicit continuous dependence on the coefficients results for problems involving Bellman-Isaacs equations and certain quasilinear equation.


Sur la Caracterisation des Retractes Holomorphes a l'aide de la Metrique Infinitesimale de Kobayashi

Abstract: Dans cet article, on donne une caracterisation des retractes holomorphes a l'aide de la metrique infinitesimale de Kobayashi ----- This article gives a characterization of holomorphic retractions using Kobayashi's infinitesimal metric.


Schwarzenberger bundles of arbitary rank on the projective space

Abstract: We introduce a generalized notion of Schwarzenberger bundle on the projective space. Associated to this more general definition, we give an ad-hoc notion of jumping subspaces of a Steiner bundle on ${\Bbb P^n}$ (which in rank $n$ coincides with the notion of unstable hyperplane introduced by Vall\`es, Ancona and Ottaviani). For the set of jumping hyperplanes, we find a sharp bound for its dimension. We also classify those Steiner bundles whose set of jumping hyperplanes have maximal dimension and prove that they are generalized Schwarzenberger bundles.


The lazy homology of a Hopf algebra

Abstract: To any Hopf algebra H we associate two commutative Hopf algebras, which we call the first and second lazy homology Hopf algebras of H. These algebras are related to the lazy cohomology groups based on the so-called lazy cocycles of H by universal coefficient theorems. When H is a group algebra, then its lazy homology can be expressed in terms of the 1- and 2-homology of the group. When H is a cosemisimple Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, then its first lazy homology is the Hopf algebra of the universal abelian grading group of the category of corepresentations of H. We also compute the lazy homology of the Sweedler algebra.


Fundamental Cycles and Graph Embeddings

Abstract: In this paper we present a new Good Characterization of maximum genus of a graph which makes a common generalization of the works of Xuong, Liu, and Fu et al. Based on this, we find a new polynomially bounded algorithm to find the maximum genus of a graph.


Centers of F-purity

Abstract: In this paper, we study a positive characteristic analogue of the centers of log canonicity of a pair $(R, \Delta)$. We call these analogues centers of $F$-purity. We prove positive characteristic analogues of subadjunction-like results, prove new stronger subadjunction-like results, and in some cases, lift these new results to characteristic zero. Using a generalization of centers of $F$-purity which we call uniformly $F$-compatible ideals, we give a characterization of the test ideal (which unifies several previous characterizations). Finally, in the case that $\Delta = 0$, we show that uniformly $F$-compatible ideals coincide with the annihilators of the $\mathcal{F}(E_R(k))$-submodules of $E_R(k)$ as defined by Smith and Lyubeznik.


Verifying the Congruence Conjecture for Rubin-Stark Elements

Abstract: The `Congruence Conjecture' was developed by the second author in a previous paper. It provides a conjectural explicit reciprocity law for a certain element associated to an abelian extension of a totally real number field whose existence is predicted by earlier conjectures of Rubin and Stark. The first aim of the present paper is to design and apply techniques to investigate the Congruence Conjecture numerically. We then present complete verifications of the conjecture in 48 varied cases with real quadratic base fields.


Vector valued reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and universality

Abstract: This paper is devoted to the study of vector valued reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We focus on two aspects: vector valued feature maps and universal kernels. In particular we characterize the structure of translation invariant kernels on abelian groups and we relate it to the universality problem.


A note on two-positive Ricci curvature and positive Einstein curvature

Abstract: In this short note we discuss some recent results about two-positive Ricci curvature and their applications to positive Einstein curvature.


Quasi-K\"ahler manifolds with trivial Chern Holonomy

Abstract: In this paper we study almost complex manifolds admitting a quasi-K\"ahler Chern-flat metric (Chern-flat means that the holonomy of the Chern connection is trivial). We prove that in the compact case such manifolds are all nilmanifolds. Some partial classification results are established and we prove that a quasi-K\"ahler Chern-flat structure can be tamed by a symplectic form if and only if the ambient space is isomorphic to a flat torus.


Classes of Monomial Ideals

Abstract: In this thesis, we focus on the study of some classes of monomial ideals, namely lexsegment ideals and monomial ideals with linear quotients.


Percolation of arbitrary words in one dimension

Abstract: We consider a type of long-range percolation problem on the positive integers, motivated by earlier work of others on the appearance of (in)finite words within a site percolation model. The main issue is whether a given infinite binary word appears within an iid Bernoulli sequence at locations that satisfy certain constraints. We settle the issue in some cases, and provide partial results in others.


The Hexatangle

Abstract: We are interested in knowing what type of manifolds are obtained by doing Dehn surgery on closed pure 3-braids in the 3-sphere. In particular, we want to determine when we get the 3-sphere by surgery on such a link. We consider links which are small closed pure 3-braids; these are the closure of 3-braids of the form $({\sigma_1}^{2e_1})({\sigma_2}^{2f_1})(\sigma_2\sigma_1\sigma_2)^{2e}$, where $\sigma_1$, $\sigma_2$ are the generators of the 3-braid group and $e_1$, $f_1$, $e$ are integers. We study Dehn surgeries on these links, and determine exactly which ones admit an integral surgery producing the 3-sphere. This is equivalent to determining the surgeries of some type on a certain six component link $L$ that produce $S^3$. The link $L$ is strongly invertible and its exterior double branch covers a certain configuration of arcs and spheres, which we call the Hexatangle. Our problem is equivalent to determine which fillings of the spheres by integral tangles produce the trivial knot, which is what we explicitly solve. This hexatangle is a generalization of the Pentangle, which is studied by Gordon and Luecke.


A modified logarithmic Sobolev inequality for the Hamming cube and some applications

Abstract: The logarithmic Sobolev inequality for the Hamming cube {0,1}^n states that for any real-valued function f on the cube holds E(f,f) \ge 2 Ent(f^2), where E(f,f) is the appropriate Dirichlet form (also known as "sum of influences"). We show that the constant C = 2 at the right hand side of this inequality can be replaced by a function C(rho) depending on rho = Ent(f^2) / (n Ef^2). The function C is an increasing convex function taking [0,log 2] to [2, 2/log 2]. We present some applications of this modified inequality. In particular, it is used to obtain a discrete version of the Faber-Krahn inequality for small subsets of the Hamming cube, answering a question of Friedman and Tillich. We introduce, following the approach of Friedman and Tillich, the notion of a fractional edge-boundary size of a subset of {0,1}^n, and show Hamming balls of radius at most n/2 - O(n^{3/4}) to be sets with (asymptotically) the smallest fractional edge-boundary for their size.


The Eyring-Kramers law for potentials with nonquadratic saddles

Abstract: The Eyring-Kramers law describes the mean transition time of an overdamped Brownian particle between local minima in a potential landscape. In the weak-noise limit, the transition time is to leading order exponential in the potential difference to overcome. This exponential is corrected by a prefactor which depends on the principal curvatures of the potential at the starting minimum and at the highest saddle crossed by an optimal transition path. The Eyring-Kramers law, however, does not hold whenever one of these principal curvatures vanishes, since it would predict a vanishing or infinite transition time. We derive the correct prefactor up to multiplicative errors that tend to one in the zero-noise limit. As an illustration, we discuss the case of a symmetric pitchfork bifurcation, in which the prefactor can be expressed in terms of modified Bessel functions, as well as bifurcations with two vanishing eigenvalues. The corresponding transition times are studied in a full neighbourhood of the bifurcation point. These results extend work by Bovier, Eckhoff, Gayrard and Klein, who rigorously analysed the case of quadratic saddles, using methods from potential theory.


Young measures, Cartesian maps, and polyconvexity

Abstract: We consider the variational problem consisting of minimizing a polyconvex integrand for maps between manifolds. We offer a simple and direct proof of the existence of a minimizing map. The proof is based on Young measures.


Convergence of the law of the Environment Seen by the Particle for Directed Polymers in Random Media in the $L^2$ region

Abstract: We consider the model of Directed Polymers in an i.i.d. gaussian or bounded Environment in the $L^2$ region. We prove the convergence of the law of the environment seen by the particle. As a main technical step, we establish a lower tail concentration inequality for the partition function for bounded environments. Our proof is based on arguments developed by Talagrand in the context of the Hopfield Model. This improves in some sense a concentration inequality obtained by Carmona and Hu for gaussian environments. We use this and a Local Limit Theorem to prove the $L^1$ convergence of the density of the law of the environment seen by the particle with respect to the product measure.


Floer homology in disc bundles and symplectically twisted geodesic flows

Abstract: We show that if K: P \to R is an autonomous Hamiltonian on a symplectic manifold (P,\Omega) which attains 0 as a Morse-Bott nondegenerate minimum along a symplectic submanifold M, and if c_1(TP)|_M vanishes in real cohomology, then the Hamiltonian flow of K has contractible periodic orbits with bounded period on all sufficiently small energy levels. As a special case, if the geodesic flow on the cotangent bundle of M is twisted by a symplectic magnetic field form, then the resulting flow has contractible periodic orbits on all low energy levels. These results were proven by Ginzburg and G\"urel when \Omega|_M is spherically rational, and our proof builds on their work; the argument involves constructing and carefully analyzing at the chain level a version of filtered Floer homology in the symplectic normal disc bundle to M.


Investigation of solutions of boundary value problems for a composite type equation with non-local boundary conditions

Abstract: Since the order of elliptic type model equation (Laplace equation) is two [1], [2], then it is natural the order of composite type model equation must be [3] [4] [5] three. At each point of the domain under consideration these equations have both real and complex characteristics. Notice that a boundary value problem for a composite type equation of second order first appeared in the paper [6]. The method for investigating the Fredholm property of boundary value problems is distinctive and belongs to one of the authors of the present paper.


Convenient Categories of Smooth Spaces

Abstract: A "Chen space" is a set X equipped with a collection of "plots" - maps from convex sets to X - satisfying three simple axioms. While an individual Chen space can be much worse than a smooth manifold, the category of all Chen spaces is much better behaved than the category of smooth manifolds. For example, any subspace or quotient space of a Chen space is a Chen space, and the space of smooth maps between Chen spaces is again a Chen space. Souriau's "diffeological spaces" share these convenient properties. Here we give a unified treatment of both formalisms. Following ideas of Dubuc, we show that Chen spaces, diffeological spaces, and even simplicial complexes are examples of "concrete sheaves on a concrete site". As a result, the categories of such spaces are locally cartesian closed, with all limits, all colimits, and a weak subobject classifier. For the benefit of differential geometers, our treatment explains most of the category theory we use.


Evolution Families and the Loewner Equation II: complex hyperbolic manifolds

Abstract: We prove that evolution families on complex complete hyperbolic manifolds are in one to one correspondence with certain semicomplete non-autonomous holomorphic vector fields, providing the solution to a very general Loewner type differential equation on manifolds.


The GIT-stability of Polarised Varieties via discrepancy

Abstract: We prove that various GIT semistabilities of polarized varieties imply semi-log-canonicity.


Sur la classification de quelques phi-modules simples

Abstract: This note is an appendix to a preprint by E. Hellmann. We give a complete classification of simple objects of the category of vector spaces D over K = Fpbar((u)) equipped with an endomorphism phi whose image generates D and that are semi-linear with respect to the ring morphism sending u to u^b (b > 1 is an integer) and acting on elements of k through a fixed automorphism. Some of these phi-modules are involved in the classification of finite flat group schemes over ring of integers of p-adic fields.


The Mobius function is strongly orthogonal to nilsequences

Abstract: We show that the Mobius function mu(n) is strongly asymptotically orthogonal to any polynomial nilsequence n -> F(g(n)L). Here, G is a simply-connected nilpotent Lie group with a discrete and cocompact subgroup L (so G/L is a nilmanifold), g : Z -> G is a polynomial sequence and F: G/L -> R is a Lipschitz function. More precisely, we show that the inner product of mu(n) with F(g(n)L) over {1,...,N} is bounded by 1/log^A N, for all A > 0. In particular, this implies the Mobius and Nilsequence conjecture MN(s) from our earlier paper "Linear equations in primes" for every positive integer s. This is one of two major ingredients in our programme, outlined in that paper, to establish a large number of cases of the generalised Hardy-Littlewood conjecture, which predicts how often a collection \psi_1,...,\psi_t : Z^d -> Z of linear forms all take prime values. The proof is a relatively quick application of the results in our recent companion paper on the distribution of polynomial orbits on nilmanifolds. We give some applications of our main theorem. We show, for example, that the Mobius function is uncorrelated with any bracket polynomial. We also obtain a result about the distribution of nilsequences n -> a^nxL as n ranges only over the primes.


Calabi-Yau components in general type hypersurfaces

Abstract: For a one-parameter family of general type hypersurfaces with bases of holomorphic n-forms, we construct open covers using tropical geometry. We show that after normalization, each holomorphic n-form is approximately supported on a unique open component and such a pair approximates a Calabi-Yau hypersurface together with its holomorphic n-form as the parameter becomes large. We also show that the Lagrangian fibers in the fibration constructed by Mikhalkin are asymptotically special Lagrangian. As the holomorphic n-form plays an important role in mirror symmetry for Calabi-Yau manifolds, our results is a step toward understanding mirror symmetry for general type manifolds.


Selfimprovemvent of the inequality between arithmetic and geometric means

Abstract: We present a refinement, by selfimprovement, of the arithmetic geometric inequality.


On Entanglement and Separability

Abstract: We present a necessary and sufficient condition to determine the entanglement status of an arbitrary N-qubit quantum state (may be pure or mixed) represented by the density matrix, (Rho)N. We develop a new approach and a new criterion for the problem of deciding entanglement status. Further, we develop as an important application of entanglement a new quantum protocol for superluminal communication of classical information in terms of a desired ordered sequence of classical bits. We then show that this new quantum protocol for superluminal communication of classical information can be used in the quantum teleportation protocol [12] for achieving superluminal quantum teleportation.


A class of Sasakian 5-manifolds

Abstract: We obtain some general results on Sasakian Lie algebras and prove as a consequence that a (2n + 1)-dimensional nilpotent Lie group admitting left-invariant Sasakian structures is isomorphic to the real Heisenberg group $H_{2n + 1}$. Furthermore, we classify Sasakian Lie algebras of dimension 5 and determine which of them carry a Sasakian $\alpha$-Einstein structure. We show that a 5-dimensional solvable Lie group with a left-invariant Sasakian structure and which admits a compact quotient by a discrete subgroup is isomorphic to either $H_5$ or a semidirect product $\R \ltimes (H_3 \times \R)$. In particular, the compact quotient is an $S^1$-bundle over a 4-dimensional K\"ahler solvmanifold.


Hook lengths and shifted parts of partitions

Abstract: Some conjectures on partition hook lengths, recently stated by the author, have been proved and generalized by Stanley, who also needed a formula by Andrews, Goulden and Jackson on symmetric functions to complete his derivation. Another identity on symmetric functions can be used instead. The purpose of this note is to prove it.


Determine the spacial term of a two-dimensional heat source

Abstract: We consider the problem of determining a pair of functions $(u,f)$ satisfying the heat equation $u_t -\Delta u =\varphi(t)f (x,y)$, where $(x,y)\in \Omega=(0,1)\times (0,1)$ and the function $\varphi$ is given. The problem is ill-posed. Under a slight condition on $\varphi$, we show that the solution is determined uniquely from some boundary data and the initial temperature. Using the interpolation method and the truncated Fourier series, we construct a regularized solution of the source term $f$ from non-smooth data. The error estimate and numerical experiments are given.


Surfaces with Parallel Mean Curvature Vector in S^2xS^2 and H^2xH^2

Abstract: Two holomorphic Hopf differentials for surfaces of non-null parallel mean curvature vector in S^2xS^2 and H^2xH^2 are constructed. A 1:1 correspondence between these surfaces and pairs of constant mean curvature surfaces of S^2xR and H^2xR is established. Using that, surfaces with vanishing Hopf differentials (in particular spheres with parallel mean curvature vector) are classified and a rigidity result for constant mean curvature surfaces of S^2xR and H^2xR is proved.


Stochastic 2D hydrodynamical type systems: Well posedness and large deviations

Abstract: We deal with a class of abstract nonlinear stochastic models, which covers many 2D hydrodynamical models including 2D Navier-Stokes equations, 2D MHD models and 2D magnetic B\'enard problem and also some shell models of turbulence. We first prove the existence and uniqueness theorem for the class considered. Our main result is a Wentzell-Freidlin type large deviation principle for small multiplicative noise which we prove by weak convergence method.


Relative Chern characters for nilpotent ideals

Abstract: If I is a nilpotent ideal in a $\mathbb{Q}$-algebra $A$, Goodwillie defined two isomorphisms from $K_*(A,I)$ to negative cyclic homology, $HN_*(A,I)$. One is the relative version of the absolute Chern character, and the other is defined using rational homotopy theory. The question of whether they agree was implicit in Goodwillie's 1986 Annals paper. In this paper, we show that the two isomorphisms agree. Here are three applications. 1.Cathelineau proved that the rational homotopy character is compatible with the $\lambda$-filtration. It follows that the relative Chern character is also compatible with this filtration for nilpotent ideals. 2.This agreement, together with Cathelineau's result, was used by the authors and Haesemeyer to show that the absolute Chern character, from $K(A)$ to $HN(A)$, is compatible with the $\lambda$-filtration for every commutative $\mathbb{Q}$-algebra. This is the main result of Infinitesimal cohomology and the Chern character to negative cyclic homology, arXiv:math/0703133v1. 3.This agreement can be used to strengthen Ginot's results in "Formules explicites pour le charactere de Chern en $K$-th\'eorie alg\'ebrique", Ann. Inst. Fourier 54 (2004).


Determine the source term of a two-dimensional heat equation

Abstract: Let $\Omega$ be a two-dimensional heat conduction body. We consider the problem of determining the heat source $F(x,t)=\varphi(t)f(x,y)$ with $\varphi$ be given inexactly and $f$ be unknown. The problem is nonlinear and ill-posed. By a specific form of Fourier transforms, we shall show that the heat source is determined uniquely by the minimum boundary condition and the temperature distribution in $\Omega$ at the initial time $t=0$ and at the final time $t=1$. Using the methods of Tikhonov's regularization and truncated integration, we construct the regularized solutions. Numerical part is given.


On paraquaternionic submersions between paraquaternionic K\"ahler manifolds

Abstract: In this paper we deal with some properties of a class of semi-Riemannian submersions between manifolds endowed with paraquaternionic structures, proving a result of non-existence of paraquaternionic submersions between paraquaternionic K\"ahler non locally hyper paraK\"ahler manifolds. Then we examine, as an example, the canonical projection of the tangent bundle, endowed with the Sasaki metric, of an almost paraquaternionic Hermitian manifold.


The best constant in a fractional Hardy inequality

Abstract: We prove an optimal Hardy inequality for the fractional Laplacian on the half-space.


Factorization structures with a 2-dimensional factor

Abstract: We introduce the notion of quantum duplicates of an (associative, unital) algebra, motivated by the problem of constructing toy-models for quantizations of certain configuration spaces in quantum mechanics. The proposed (algebraic) model relies on the classification of factorization structures with a two-dimensional factor. In the present paper, main properties of this particular kind of structures are determined, and we present a complete description of quantum duplicates of finite set algebras. As an application, we obtain a classification (up to isomorphism) of all the algebras of dimension 4 (over an arbitrary field) that can be factorized as a product of two factors.


Hamiltonian degree sequences in digraphs

Abstract: We show that for each \eta>0 every digraph G of sufficiently large order n is Hamiltonian if its out- and indegree sequences d^+_1\le ... \le d^+_n and d^- _1 \le ... \le d^-_n satisfy (i) d^+_i \geq i+ \eta n or d^-_{n-i- \eta n} \geq n-i and (ii) d^-_i \geq i+ \eta n or d^+_{n-i- \eta n} \geq n-i for all i < n/2. This gives an approximate solution to a problem of Nash-Williams concerning a digraph analogue of Chv\'atal's theorem. In fact, we prove the stronger result that such digraphs G are pancyclic.


Alg\`ebres et cog\`ebres de Gerstenhaber et cohomologie de Chevalley-Harrison

Abstract: The fundamental example of Gerstenhaber algebra is the space $T_{poly}({\mathbb R}^d)$ of polyvector fields on $\mathbb{R}^d$, equipped with the wedge product and the Schouten bracket. In this paper, we explicitely describe what is the enveloping $G_\infty$ algebra of a Gerstenhaber algebra $\mathcal{G}$. This structure gives us a definition of the Chevalley-Harrison cohomology operator for $\mathcal{G}$. We finally show the nontriviality of a Chevalley-Harrison cohomology group for a natural Gerstenhaber subalgebra in $T_{poly}({\mathbb R}^d)$.


A rooted-trees q-series lifting a one-parameter family of Lie idempotents

Abstract: We define and study a series indexed by rooted trees and with coefficients in Q(q). We show that it is related to a family of Lie idempotents. We prove that this series is a q-deformation of a more classical series and that some of its coefficients are Carlitz q-Bernoulli numbers.


Content Algebras Over Commutative Rings With Zero-Divisors

Abstract: Let $M$ be an $R$-module and $c$ the function from $M$ to the ideals of $R$ defined by $c(x) = \cap \lbrace I \colon I \text{is an ideal of} R \text{and} x \in IM \rbrace $. $M$ is said to be a content $R$-module if $x \in c(x)M $, for all $x \in M$. $B$ is called a content $R$-algebra, if it is a faithfully flat and content $R$-module and it satisfies the Dedekind-Mertens content formula. In this article, we prove some new results for content modules and algebras by using ideal theoretic methods.


Biharmonic maps between doubly warped product manifolds

Abstract: In this paper biharmonic maps between doubly warped product manifolds are studied. We show that the inclusion maps of Riemannian manifolds $B$ and $F$ into the doubly warped product $_{f}B\times_{b}F$ can not be proper biharmonic maps. Also we analyze the conditions for the biharmonicity of projections $_{f}B\times_{b}F\to B$ and $_{f}B\times_{b}F\to F$, respectively. Some characterizations for non-harmonic biharmonic maps are given by using product of harmonic maps and warping metric. Specially, in the case of $f=1$, the results for warped product in \cite{Balmus-mont} are obtained.


An algebraic formula for the intersection number of a polynomial immersion

Abstract: There is presented an algorithm for computing the topological degree for a large class of polynomial mappings. As an application there is given an effective algebraic formula for the intersection number of a polynomial immersion M --> R^2m, where M is an m-dimensional algebraic manifold.


Lp-Solutions for Reected Backward Stochastic Differential Equations

Abstract: This paper deals with the problem of existence and uniqueness of a solution for a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE for short) with one reflecting barrier in the case when the terminal value, the generator and the obstacle process are Lp-integrable with p in ]1,2[. To construct the solution we use two methods: penalization and Snell envelope. As an application we broaden the class of functions for which the related obstacle partial differential equation problem has a unique viscosity solution.


Linear family of Lie brackets on the space of matrices $Mat(n\times m,\K)$ and Ado's Theorem

Abstract: In this paper we classify a linear family of Lie brackets on the space of rectangular matrices $Mat(n\times m,\K)$ and we give an analogue of the Ado's Theorem. We give also a similar classification on the algebra of the square matrices $Mat(n, \K)$ and as a consequence, we prove that we can't built a faithful representation of the $(2n+1)$-dimensional Heisenberg Lie algebra $\mathfrak{H}_n$ in a vector space $V$ with $\dim V\leq n+1$. Finally, we prove that in the case of the algebra of square matrices $Mat(n,\K)$, the corresponding Lie algebras structures are a contraction of the canonical Lie algebra $\mathfrak{gl}(n,\K)$.


Les (a,b)-alg\`ebres \`a homotopie pr\`es

Abstract: We study in this article the concepts of algebra up to homotopy for a structure defined by two operations $ \pt $ and $[, ]$. Having determined the structure of $ G_\infty $ algebras and $ P_\infty $ algebras, we generalize this construction and we define a structure of $ (a, b)$-algebra up to homotopy. Given a structure of commutative and differential graded Lie algebra for two shifts degree given by $a$ and $b$, we will give an explicit construction of the associate algebra up to homotopy


A symplectic Gysin sequence

Abstract: We use the theory of pseudo-holomorphic quilts to establish a counterpart, in symplectic Floer homology, to the Gysin sequence for the homology of a sphere-bundle. In a motivating class of examples, this "symplectic Gysin sequence" is precisely analogous to an exact sequence describing the behaviour of Seiberg-Witten monopole Floer homology for 3-manifolds under connected sum.


Brown representability does not come for free

Abstract: We exhibit a triangulated category T having both products and coproducts, and a triangulated subcategory S of T which is both localizing and colocalizing, for which neither a Bousfield localization nor a colocalization exists. It follows that neither the category S nor its dual satisfy Brown representability. Our example involves an abelian category whose derived category does not have small Hom-sets.


Teichmuller geometry of moduli space, II: M(S) seen from far away

Abstract: We construct a metric simplicial complex which is an almost isometric model of the moduli space M(S) of Riemann surfaces. We then use this model to compute the "tangent cone at infinity" of M(S): it is the topological cone on the quotient of the complex of curves C(S) by the mapping class group of S, endowed with an explicitly described metric. The main ingredient is Minsky's product regions theorem.


On quasiinvariants of $S_n$ of hook shape

Abstract: Chalykh, Veselov and Feigin introduced the notions of quasiinvariants for Coxeter groups, which is a generalization of invariants. In [2], Bandlow and Musiker showed that for the symmetric group $S_n$ of order $n$, the space of quasiinvariants has a decomposition indexed by standard tableaux. They gave a description of basis for the components indexed by standard tableaux of shape $(n-1,1)$. In this paper, we generalize their results to a description of basis for the components indexed by standard tableaux of arbitrary hook shape.


Classification of Almost Quarter-Pinched Manifolds

Abstract: We show that if a simply connected manifold is almost quarter pinched then it is diffeomorphic to a CROSS (a compact rank one symmetric space) or a sphere.


Initial logarithmic Lie algebras of hypersurface singularities

Abstract: We introduce a Lie algebra of initial terms of logarithmic vector fields along a hypersurface singularity. Extending the formal structure theorem in [GS06, Thm. 5.4], we show that the completely reducible part of its linear projection lifts formally to a linear Lie algebra of logarithmic vector fields. For quasihomogeneous singularities, we prove convergence of this linearization. We relate our construction to the work of Hauser and M"uller [M"ul86, HM89] on Levi subgroups of automorphism groups of singularities, which proves convergence even for algebraic singularities. Based on the initial Lie algebra, we introduce a notion of reductive hypersurface singularity and show that any reductive free divisor is linear. As an application, we describe a lower bound for the dimension of hypersurface singularities in terms of the semisimple part of their initial Lie algebra.


On the Gaussian q-Distribution

Abstract: We present a study of the Gaussian q-measure introduced by Diaz and Teruel from a probabilistic and from a combinatorial viewpoint. A main motivation for the introduction of the Gaussian q-measure is that its moments are exactly the q-analogues of the double factorial numbers. We show that the Gaussian q-measure interpolates between the uniform measure on the interval [-1,1] and the Gaussian measure on the real line.


A PL-manifold of nonnegative curvature homeomorphic to $S^2 \times S^2$ is a direct metric product (Preliminary version)

Abstract: Let $M^4$ be a PL-manifold of nonnegative curvature that is homeomorphic to a product of two spheres, $S^2 \times S^2$. We prove that $M$ is a direct metric product of two spheres endowed with some polyhedral metrics. In other words, $M$ is a direct metric product of the surfaces of two convex polyhedra in $\mathbb{R}^3$. The background for the question is the following. The classical H.Hopf's hypothesis states: for any Riemannian metric on $S^2 \times S^2$ of nonnegative sectional curvature the curvature cannot be strictly positive at all points. There is no quick answer to this question: it is known that a Riemannian metric on $S^2 \times S^2$ of nonnegative sectional curvature need not be a product metric. However, M.Gromov has pointed out that the condition of nonnegative curvature in the PL-case appears to be stronger than nonnegative sectional curvature of Riemannian manifolds and analogous to some condition on the curvature operator. So the motivation for the question addressed in this text is to settle the PL-version of the Hopf's hypothesis.


Energy image density property and the lent particle method for Poisson measures

Abstract: We introduce a new approach to absolute continuity of laws of Poisson functionals. It is based on the {\it energy image density} property for Dirichlet forms and on what we call {\it the lent particle method} which consists in adding a particle and taking it back after some calculation.


On the Real Multidimensional Rational K-Moment Problem

Abstract: We present a solution to the real multidimensional rational K-moment problem, where K is defined by finitely many polynomial inequalities. More precisely, let S be a finite set of real polynomials in X=(X_1,...,X_n) such that the corresponding basic closed semialgebraic set K_S is nonempty. Let E=D^{-1}R[X] be a localization of the real polynomial algebra, and T_S^E the preordering on E generated by S. We show that every linear functional L on E that is nonnegative on T_S^E is represented by a positive measure on a certain subset of K_S, provided D contains an element that grows fast enough on K_S.


Diophantine sets of polynomials over number fields

Abstract: Let R be a recursive subring of a number field. We show that recursively enumerable sets are diophantine for the polynomial ring R[Z].


An Upper Estimate for the Overpseudoprime Counting Function

Abstract: We prove that the number of overpseudoprimes to base 2 not exceeding x does not exceed x^(3/4)(1+o(1)).


Exploring Parameter Spaces in Dynamical Systems

Abstract: The parameter space of dynamical systems arising in applications is often found to be high-dimensional and difficult to explore. We construct a fast algorithm to numerically analyze "quantitative features" of dynamical systems depending on parameters. Using a classical problem from mathematical ecology as an example, we demonstrate how to apply the algorithm to investigate the amplitude of a limit cycle depending on seven parameters. We stress the practical value of the algorithm but we also provide a rigorous error analysis to justify the overall strategy. Our approach turns out to be particularly useful in the case of comparing experimental data to a model defined by differential equations and to investigate whether the equations can approximate the modeled system.


A "typical" contraction is unitary

Abstract: We show that (for the weak operator topology) the set of unitary operators on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space is residual in the set of all contractions. The analogous result holds for isometries and the strong operator topology as well. These results are applied to the problem of embedding operators into strongly continuous semigroups.


Markov Stochastic Operators of Heredity

Abstract: Applying non-ergodic quadratic stochastic operator the continual family of weak ergodic non-homogeneous Markov chains is constructed.


Compression of Finite Group Actions and Covariant Dimension, II

Abstract: Let $G$ be a finite group and $\phi : V\to W$ an equivariant morphism of finite dimensional $G$-modules. We say that $\phi$ is faithful if $G$ acts faithfully on $\phi(V)$. The covariant dimension of $G$ is the minimum of the dimension of $\bar{\phi(V)}$ taken over all faithful $\phi$. In \cite{KS07} we investigated covariant dimension and were able to determine it in many cases. Our techniques largely depended upon finding homogeneous faithful covariants. After publication of \cite{KS07}, the junior author of this article pointed out several gaps in our proofs. Fortunately, this inspired us to find better techniques, involving multihomogeneous covariants, which have enabled us to extend and complete the results, simplify the proofs and fill the gaps of \cite{KS07}.


Methods in Industrial Biotechnology for Chemical Engineers

Abstract: In keeping with the definition that biotechnology is really no more than a name given to a set of techniques and processes, the authors apply some set of fuzzy techniques to chemical industry problems such as finding the proper proportion of raw mix to control pollution, to study flow rates, to find out the better quality of products. We use fuzzy control theory, fuzzy neural networks, fuzzy relational equations, genetic algorithms to these problems for solutions. When the solution to the problem can have certain concepts or attributes as indeterminate, the only model that can tackle such a situation is the neutrosophic model. The authors have also used these models in this book to study the use of biotechnology in chemical industries. This book has six chapters. First chapter gives a brief description of biotechnology. Second chapter deals will proper proportion of mix of raw materials in cement industries to minimize pollution using fuzzy control theory. Chapter three gives the method of determination of temperature set point for crude oil in oil refineries. Chapter four studies the flow rates in chemical industries using fuzzy neutral networks. Chapter five gives the method of minimization of waste gas flow in chemical industries using fuzzy linear programming. The final chapter suggests when in these studies indeterminancy is an attribute or concept involved, the notion of neutrosophic methods can be adopted.


Multiloop Lie algebras and the construction of extended affine Lie algebras

Abstract: It is known that a multiloop Lie algebra, which constructed using multiloop realization, can be a Lie torus if the given multiloop Lie algebra satisfies several conditions, and it is also known that a family of extended affine Lie algebras (EALAs) are obtained from a Lie torus. In many cases, however, even if a given multiloop Lie algebra does not satisfy these conditions, we can also construct a family of EALAs from it. In this paper, we study this construction, and prove that two families of EALAs constructed from two multiloop Lie algebras coincide up to isomorphisms as EALAs if and only if two multiloop Lie algebras are "support-isomorphic". Also, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for two multiloop Lie algebras to be support-isomorphic.


Growth in SL_3(Z/pZ)

Abstract: Let G=SL_3(Z/pZ), p a prime. Let A be a set of generators of G. Then A grows under the group operation. To be precise: denote by |S| the number of elements of a finite set S. Assume |A| < |G|^{1-\epsilon} for some \epsilon>0. Then |A\cdot A\cdot A|>|A|^{1+\delta}, where \delta>0 depends only on \epsilon. We also study subsets A\subset G that do not generate G. Other results on growth and generation follow.


Spaces of closed subgroups of locally compact groups

Abstract: The set $\Cal C(G)$ of closed subgroups of a locally compact group $G$ has a natural topology which makes it a compact space. This topology has been defined in various contexts by Vietoris, Chabauty, Fell, Thurston, Gromov, Grigorchuk, and many others. The purpose of the talk was to describe the space $\Cal C(G)$ first for a few elementary examples, then for $G$ the complex plane, in which case $\Cal C(G)$ is a 4--sphere (a result of Hubbard and Pourezza), and finally for the 3--dimensional Heisenberg group $H$, in which case $\Cal C(H)$ is a 6--dimensional singular space recently investigated by Martin Bridson, Victor Kleptsyn and the author \cite{BrHK}. These are slightly expanded notes prepared for a talk given at several places: the Kortrijk workshop on {\it Discrete Groups and Geometric Structures, with Applications III,} May 26--30, 2008; the {\it Tripode 14,} \'Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure de Lyon, June 13, 2008; and seminars at the EPFL, Lausanne, and in the Universit\'e de Rennes 1. The notes do not contain any other result than those in \cite{BrHK}, and are not intended for publication.


Geometries with intransitive equivalence relation

Abstract: One considers geometry with the intransitive equaivalence relation. Such a geometry is a physical geometry, i.e. it is described completely by the world function, which is a half of the squared distance function. The physical geometry cannot be axiomatized, in general. It is obtained as a result of deformation of the proper Euclidean geometry. Class of physical geometries is more powerful, than the class of axiomatized geometries. The physical geometry admits one to describe such geometric properties as discreteness, granularity and limited divisibility. These properties are important in application to the space-time. They admits one to explain the discrimination properties of the space-time, which generate discrete parameters of elementary particles. Mathematical formalism of a physical geometry is very simple. The physical geometry is formulated in geometrical terms (in terms of points and world function) without a use of means of description (coordinate system, space dimension, manifold, etc.).


Bloch-Wigner theorem over rings with many units

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide a version of Bloch-Wigner theorem over the class of rings with many units.


Sparse random graphs with clustering

Abstract: In 2007 we introduced a general model of sparse random graphs with independence between the edges. The aim of this paper is to present an extension of this model in which the edges are far from independent, and to prove several results about this extension. The basic idea is to construct the random graph by adding not only edges but also other small graphs. In other words, we first construct an inhomogeneous random hypergraph with independent hyperedges, and then replace each hyperedge by a (perhaps complete) graph. Although flexible enough to produce graphs with significant dependence between edges, this model is nonetheless mathematically tractable. Indeed, we find the critical point where a giant component emerges in full generality, in terms of the norm of a certain integral operator, and relate the size of the giant component to the survival probability of a certain (non-Poisson) multi-type branching process. While our main focus is the phase transition, we also study the degree distribution and the numbers of small subgraphs. We illustrate the model with a simple special case that produces graphs with power-law degree sequences with a wide range of degree exponents and clustering coefficients.


Towards the generalized Shapiro and Shapiro conjecture

Abstract: We find a new, asymptotically better, bound $g\le\frac14d^2+O(d)$ on the genus of a curve that may violate the generalized total reality conjecture. The bound covers all known cases except $g=0$ (the original conjecture).


Balanced split sets and Hamilton-Jacobi equations

Abstract: We study the singular locus of solutions to Hamilton-Jacobi equations with a Hamiltonian independent of $u$. In a previous paper, we proved that the singular locus is what we call a balanced split locus. In this paper, we find and classify all balanced split sets, identifying the cases where the only balanced split locus is the singular locus, and the cases where this doesn't hold. This clarifies the relationship between viscosity solutions and the more classical approach of characteristics and shocks.


Approximation of subharmonic functions

Abstract: In certain classes of subharmonic functions u on C distinguished in terms of lower bounds for the Riesz measure of u, a sharp estimate is obtained for the rate of approximation by functions of the form log |f(z)|, where f is an entire function. The results complement and generalize those recently obtained by Yu. Lyubarskii and Eu. Malinnikova.


An extremal problem for a class of entire functions of exponential type

Abstract: We find the exact upper estimate for the upper density of zeros of entire functions of exponential type whose indicator diagram is contained in a given interval.


About Some Quadratic Scalar Curvatures and the $h_{4}$ Yamabe Equation

Abstract: This is a paper based on a talk given at the conference on Conformal Geometry which held at Roscoff in France in the 2008 summer. We study some aspects of the equation arising from the problem of the existence on a given closed Riemannian manifold of dimension at leat 4, of a conformal metric with constant $h_4$ curvature. We establish a simple formula relating the second Gauss-Bonnet curvature $h_4$ to the $\sigma_2$ curvature and we study some positivity properties of these two quadratic curvatures. We use different quadratic curvatures to characterize space forms, Einstein metrics and conformally flat metrics. In the appendix we introduce natural generalizations of Newton transformations, the corresponding Newton identities are used to obtain Avez type formulas for all the Gauss-Bonnet curvatures.