On the connected components of moduli spaces of finite flat models

Abstract: We prove that the non-ordinary component is connected in the moduli spaces of finite flat models of two-dimensional local Galois representations over finite fields. This was conjectured by Kisin. As an application to global Galois representations, we prove a theorem on the modularity comparing a deformation ring and a Hecke ring.


Uniform asyptotic formulae for eigenfunctions of Sturm--Liouville operators with singular potentials

Abstract: In this paper we study a Sturm--Liouville operator $Ly=-y''+q(x)y$ in the space $L_2[0,\pi]$ with Direchlet boundary conditions. Here the potential $q$ is a fitst order distribution $q\in W_2^{-1}[0,\pi]$. Such operators were defined in our previous papers. Here we study an asymptotic behaviour of eigenfunctions with uniform estimates of rests. We obtain this estimates also for potentials from Sobolev spaces $q\in W_2^{\theta-1}$, where $\theta\in[0,1/2)$.


Convexity and smoothness of scale functions and de Finetti's control problem

Abstract: Under appropriate conditions, we obtain smoothness and convexity properties of $q$-scale functions for spectrally negative L\'evy processes. Our method appeals directly to very recent developments in the theory of potential analysis of subordinators. As an application of the latter results to scale functions, we are able to continue the very recent work of \cite{APP2007} and \cite{Loe}. We strengthen their collective conclusions by showing, amongst other results, that whenever the L\'evy measure has a density which is log convex then for $q>0$ the scale function $W^{(q)}$ is convex on some half line $(a^*,\infty)$ where $a^*$ is the largest value at which $W^{(q)\prime}$ attains its global minimum. As a consequence we deduce that de Finetti's classical actuarial control problem is solved by a barrier strategy where the barrier is positioned at height $a^*$.


n-Monotone exact functionals

Abstract: We study n-monotone functionals, which constitute a generalisation of n-monotone set functions. We investigate their relation to the concepts of exactness and natural extension, which generalise the notions of coherence and natural extension in the behavioural theory of imprecise probabilities. We improve upon a number of results in the literature, and prove among other things a representation result for exact n-monotone functionals in terms of Choquet integrals.


Asymptotics of semigroups generated by operator matrices

Abstract: We survey some known results about operator semigroup generated by operator matrices with diagonal or coupled domain. These abstract results are applied to the characterization of well-/ill-posedness for a class of evolution equations with dynamic boundary conditions on domains or metric graphs. In particular, our ill-posedness results on the heat equation with general Wentzell-type boundary conditions complement those previously obtained by, among others, Bandle-von Below-Reichel and Vitillaro-V\'azquez.


Symmetry of models versus models of symmetry

Abstract: A model for a subject's beliefs about a phenomenon may exhibit symmetry, in the sense that it is invariant under certain transformations. On the other hand, such a belief model may be intended to represent that the subject believes or knows that the phenomenon under study exhibits symmetry. We defend the view that these are fundamentally different things, even though the difference cannot be captured by Bayesian belief models. In fact, the failure to distinguish between both situations leads to Laplace's so-called Principle of Insufficient Reason, which has been criticised extensively in the literature. We show that there are belief models (imprecise probability models, coherent lower previsions) that generalise and include the Bayesian belief models, but where this fundamental difference can be captured. This leads to two notions of symmetry for such belief models: weak invariance (representing symmetry of beliefs) and strong invariance (modelling beliefs of symmetry). We discuss various mathematical as well as more philosophical aspects of these notions. We also discuss a few examples to show the relevance of our findings both to probabilistic modelling and to statistical inference, and to the notion of exchangeability in particular.


Projective embeddings of homogeneous spaces with small boundary

Abstract: We study open equivariant projective embeddings of homogeneous spaces such that the complement of the open orbit does not contain divisors. Criterions of existence of such an embedding are considered and finiteness of isomorphism classes of embeddings for a given homogeneous space is proved. Any embedding with small boundary is realized as a GIT-quotient associated with a linearization of the trivial line bundle on the space of the canonical embedding. The generalized Cox's construction and the theory of bunched rings allow us to describe basic geometric properties of embeddings with small boundary in combinatorial terms.


Families index for manifolds with hyperbolic cusp singularities

Abstract: Manifolds with fibered hyperbolic cusp metrics include hyperbolic manifolds with cusps and locally symmetric spaces of Q-rank one. We extend Vaillant's treatment of Dirac-type operators associated to these metrics by weaking the hypotheses on the boundary families through the use of Fredholm perturbations as in the family index theorem of Melrose and Piazza and by treating the index of families of such operators. We also extend the index theorem of Moroianu and Leichtnam-Mazzeo-Piazza to families of perturbed Dirac-type operators associated to fibered cusp metrics (sometimes known as fibered boundary metrics).


Intertwining relations and extended eigenvalues for analytic Toeplitz operators

Abstract: We study the intertwining relations between analytic Toeplitz operators induced on the Hardy space H^2 by analytic functions bounded on the open unit disc. Our work centers on the connection between intertwining between the Toeplitz operators the image containment between their symbols, as well as on the nature of the intertwining operator. We use our results to study the "extended eigenvalues" of analytic Toeplitz operators, i.e., the special case where the operator is intertwined with a scalar multiple of itself.


An Enumerative Function

Abstract: We define an enumerative function F(n,k,P,m) which is a generalization of binomial coefficients. Special cases of this function are also power function, factorials, rising factorials and falling factorials. The first section of the paper is an introduction. In the second section we derive an explicit formula for F. From the expression for the power function we obtain a number theory result. Then we derive a formula which shows that the case of arbitrary m may be reduced to the case m=0. This formula extends Vandermonde convolution. In the second section we describe F by the series of recurrence relations with respect to each of arguments k, n, and P. As a special case of the first recurrence relation we state a binomial identity. As a consequence of the second recurrence relation we obtain relation for coefficients of Chebyshev polynomial of both kind. This means that these polynomials might be defined in pure combinatorial way.


Neighboring Fractions in Farey Subsequences

Abstract: We present explicit formulas for the computation of the neighbors of several elements of Farey subsequences.


Exponential estimates for plurisubharmonic functions and stochastic dynamics

Abstract: We prove exponential estimates for plurisubharmonic functions with respect to Monge-Ampere measures with Holder continuous potential. As an application, we obtain several stochastic properties for the equilibrium measures associated to holomorphic maps on projective spaces. More precisely, we prove the exponential decay of correlations, the central limit theorem for general d.s.h. observables, and the large deviations theorem for bounded d.s.h. observables and Holder continuous observables.


C*-algebras of labelled graphs II - Simplicity results

Abstract: We prove simplicity and pure infiniteness results for a certain class of labelled graph $C^*$-algebras. We show, by example, that this class of unital labelled graph $C^*$-algebras is strictly larger than the class of unital graph $C^*$-algebras.


On the characterization of expansion maps for self-affine tilings

Abstract: We consider self-affine tilings in $\R^n$ with expansion matrix $\phi$ and address the question which matrices $\phi$ can arise this way. In one dimension, $\lambda$ is an expansion factor of a self-affine tiling if and only if $|\lambda|$ is a Perron number, by a result of Lind. In two dimensions, when $\phi$ is a similarity, we can speak of a complex expansion factor, and there is an analogous necessary condition, due to Thurston: if a complex $\lambda$ is an expansion factor of a self-similar tiling, then it is a complex Perron number. We establish a necessary condition for $\phi$ to be an expansion matrix for any $n$, assuming only that $\phi$ is diagonalizable over the complex numbers. We conjecture that this condition on $\phi$ is also sufficient for the existence of a self-affine tiling.


An upper bound for the lower central series quotients of a free associative algebra

Abstract: Feigin and Shoikhet conjectured in math/0610410 that successive quotients $B_m(A_n)$ of the lower central series filtration of a free associative algebra $A_n$ have polynomial growth. In this paper we give a proof of this conjecture, using the structure of $W_n$-representation on $B_m(A_n)$ which was defined in math/0610410 . We also prove that the number of squares in a Young diagram $D$ corresponding to an irreducible $W_n$-module in the Jordan-Holder series of $B_m(A_n)$ is bounded above by the integer $(m-1)^2+2[(n-2)/2](m-1)$. This bound combined with MAGMA computations by Rains in math/0610410 allows us to confirm the $W_n$-module structure of $B_3(A_3)$ conjectured in math/0610410 .


Geometry and rigidity of mapping class groups

Abstract: We study the large scale geometry of mapping class groups MCG(S), using hyperbolicity properties of curve complexes. We show that any self quasi-isometry of MCG(S) (outside a few sporadic cases) is a bounded distance away from a left-multiplication, and as a consequence obtain quasi-isometric rigidity for MCG(S), namely that groups quasi-isometric to MCG(S) are virtually equal to it. (The latter theorem was proved by Hamenstadt using different methods). As part of our approach we obtain several other structural results: a description of the tree-graded structure on the asymptotic cone of MCG(S); a characterization of the image of the curve-complex projection map from MCG(S) to the product of the curve complexes of essential subsurfaces of S; and a construction of Sigma-hulls in MCG(S), an analogue of convex hulls.


On Limit Aperiodic G-Sets

Abstract: We prove that the property to be limit aperiodic is preserved by the standard construction with groups like extension, HNN extension and free product. We also construct a non-limit aperiodic G-space.


Contracting an element from a cocircuit

Abstract: We consider the situation that M and N are 3-connected matroids such that |E(N)| > 3 and C* is a cocircuit of M with the property that M/y has an N-minor for some y in C*. We show that either there is an element x in C* such that si(M/x) or co(si(M/x)) is 3-connected with an N-minor, or there is a four-element fan of M that contains two elements of C* and an element x such that si(M/x) is 3-connected with an N-minor.


The linear flows in the space of Krichever-Lax matrices over an algebraic curve

Abstract: In \cite{kri02}, I. M. Krichever invented the space of matrices parametrizing the cotangent bundle of moduli space of stable vector bundles over a compact Riemann surface, which is named as the Hitchin system after the investigation \cite{hit87}. We study a necessary and sufficient condition for the linearity of flows on the space of Krichever-Lax matrices in a Lax representation in terms of cohomological classes using the similar technique and analysis from the work \cite{grif85} by P. A. Griffiths.


Meet homological mirror symmetry

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the interested reader to homological mirror symmetry. After recalling a little background knowledge, we tackle the simplest cases of homological mirror symmetry: curves of genus zero and one. We close by outlining the current state of the field and mentioning what homo- logical mirror symmetry has to say about other aspects of mirror symmetry.


Additive properties of product sets in an arbitrary finite field

Abstract: It is proved that for any two subsets $A$ and $B$ of an arbitrary finite field $\Fq$ such that $|A||B|>q$ the identity $16AB=\Fq$ holds. Moreover, it is established that for every subsets $X, Y\subset \Fq$ with the property $|X||Y|\geqslant 2q$ the equality $8XY=\Fq$ holds.


Absolutely summing linear operators into spaces with no finite cotype

Abstract: Given an infinite-dimensional Banach space $X$ and a Banach space $Y$ with no finite cotype, we determine whether or not every continuous linear operator from $X$ to $Y$ is absolutely $(q;p)$-summing for almost all choices of $p$ and $q$, including the case $p=q$. If $X$ assumes its cotype, the problem is solved for all choices of $p$ and $q$. Applications to the theory of dominated multilinear mappings are also provided.


Calabi-Yau categories and Poincare duality spaces

Abstract: The singular cochain complex of a topological space is a classical object. It is a Differential Graded algebra which has been studied intensively with a range of methods, not least within rational homotopy theory. More recently, the tools of Auslander-Reiten theory have also been applied to the singular cochain complex. One of the highlights is that by these methods, each Poincare duality space gives rise to a Calabi-Yau category. This paper is a review of the theory.


Pseudosymmetric braidings, twines and twisted algebras

Abstract: A laycle is the categorical analogue of a lazy cocycle. Twines (as introduced by Bruguieres) and strong twines (as introduced by the authors) are laycles satisfying some extra conditions. If $c$ is a braiding, the double braiding $c^2$ is always a twine; we prove that it is a strong twine if and only if $c$ satisfies a sort of modified braid relation (we call such $c$ pseudosymmetric, as any symmetric braiding satisfies this relation). It is known that symmetric Yetter-Drinfeld categories are trivial; we prove that the Yetter-Drinfeld category $_H{\cal YD}^H$ over a Hopf algebra $H$ is pseudosymmetric if and only if $H$ is commutative and cocommutative. We introduce as well the Hopf algebraic counterpart of pseudosymmetric braidings under the name pseudotriangular structures and prove that all quasitriangular structures on the $2^{n+1}$-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras E(n) are pseudotriangular. We observe that a laycle on a monoidal category induces a so-called pseudotwistor on every algebra in the category, and we obtain some general results (and give some examples) concerning pseudotwistors, inspired by properties of laycles and twines.


n-Groupoids and Stacky Groupoids

Abstract: We discuss two generalizations of Lie groupoids. One consists of Lie $n$-groupoids defined as simplicial manifolds with trivial $\pi_{k\geq n+1}$. The other consists of stacky Lie groupoids $\cG\rra M$ with $\cG$ a differentiable stack. We build a 1-1 correspondence between Lie 2-groupoids and stacky Lie groupoids up to a certain Morita equivalence. We prove this in a general set-up so that the statement is valid in both differential and topological categories. \Equivalences of higher groupoids in various categories are also described.


Structure of the extended Schrodinger-Virasoro Lie algebra

Abstract: In this paper, we study the derivations, the central extensions and the automorphism group of the extended Schrodinger-Virasoro Lie algebra, introduced by J. Unterberger in the context of two-dimensional conformal field theory and statistical physics. Moreover, we show that the extended Schrodinger-Virasoro Lie algebra is an infinite-dimensional complete Lie algebra and the universal central extension of the extended Schrodinger-Virasoro Lie algebra in the category of Leibniz algebras is the same as that in the category of Lie algebras.


On n-Perfect Rings and Cotorsion Dimension

Abstract: A ring is called $n$-perfect ($n\geq 0$), if every flat module has projective dimension less or equal than $n$. In this paper, we show that the $n$-perfectness relate, via homological approach, some homological dimension of rings. We study $n$-perfectness in some known ring constructions. Finally, several examples of $n$-perfect rings satisfying special conditions are given.


Joint behaviour of semirecursive kernel estimators of the location and of the size of the mode of a probability density function

Abstract: Let $\theta$ and $\mu$ denote the location and the size of the mode of a probability density. We study the joint convergence rates of semirecursive kernel estimators of $\theta$ and $\mu$. We show how the estimation of the size of the mode allows to measure the relevance of the estimation of its location. We also enlighten that, beyond their computational advantage on nonrecursive estimators, the semirecursive estimators are preferable to use for the construction on confidence regions.


The optimality of the Boundedness Height Conjecture

Abstract: We show that the Boundedness Height Conjecture is optimal; all varieties in a power of an elliptic curve which do not satisfy the hypothesis neither satisfy the thesis. The Bounded Height Conjecture is known to hold for varieties in a power of an elliptic curve. We also present some examples and remarks.


Neutral bi-Hermitian Gray surfaces

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to give examples of compact neutral 4-manifolds $(M,g)$ whose Ricci tensor $\rho$ satisfies the relation $\nabla_X\rho(X,X) =\frac13X\tau g(X,X)$. We present also a family of new Einstein bi-Hermitian neutral metrics on ruled surfaces of genus $g>1$.


Mertens' theorem for toral automorphisms

Abstract: A dynamical Mertens' theorem for ergodic toral automorphisms with error term O(N^{-1}) is found, and the influence of resonances among the eigenvalues of unit modulus is examined. Examples are found with many more, and with many fewer, periodic orbits than expected.


Geometric Gamma Max-Infinitely Divisible Models

Abstract: A transformation of gamma max-infinitely divisible laws viz. geometric gamma max-infinitely divisible laws is considered in this paper. Some of its distributional and divisibility properties are discussed and a random time changed extremal process corresponding to this distribution is presented. A new kind of invariance (stability) under geometric maxima is proved and a max-AR(1) model corresponding to it is also discussed.


Some optimization problems for nonlinear elastic membranes

Abstract: In this paper we study some optimization problems for nonlinear elastic membranes. More precisely, we consider the problem of optimizing the cost functional $\J(u)=\int_{\partial\Omega} f(x) u \rd \H^{N-1}$ over some admissible class of loads $f$ where $u$ is the (unique) solution to the problem $-\Delta_p u + |u|^{p-2}u = 0$ in $\Omega$ with $|\nabla u|^{p-2}u_\nu = f$ on $\partial \Omega$.


Some explicit constructions of integral structures in quaternion algebras

Abstract: Let B be an undefined quaternion algebra over Q. Following the explicit chacterization of some Eichler orders in B given by Hashimoto, we define explicit embeddings of these orders in some local rings of matrices; we describe the two natural inclusions of an Eichler order of leven Nq in an Eichler order of level N. Moreover we provide a basis for a chain of Eichler orders in B and prove results about their intersection.


Hamiltonian approach to geodesic image matching

Abstract: This paper presents a generalization to image matching of the Hamiltonian approach for planar curve matching developed in the context of group of diffeomorphisms. We propose an efficient framework to deal with discontinuous images in any dimension, for example 2D or 3D. In this context, we give the structure of the initial momentum (which happens to be decomposed in a smooth part and a singular part) thanks to a derivation lemma interesting in itself. The second part develops a Hamiltonian interpretation of the variational problem, derived from the optimal control theory point of view.


The Recursion Theorem and Infinite Sequences

Abstract: In this paper we use the Recursion Theorem to show the existence of various infinite sequences and sets. Our main result is that there is an increasing sequence e_0, e_1, e_2 .. such that W_{e_n}={e_{n+1}} for every n. Similarly, we prove that there exists an increasing sequence such that W_{e_n}={e_{n+1},e_{n+2},...} for every n. We call a nonempty computably enumerable set A self-constructing if W_e=A for every e in A. We show that every nonempty computable enumerable set which is disjoint from an infinite computable set is one-one equivalent to a self-constructing set


On the K(\pi,1)-property for rings of integers in the mixed case

Abstract: We investigate the Galois group G_S(p) of the maximal p-extension unramified outside a finite set S of primes of a number field in the (mixed) case, when there are primes dividing p inside and outside S. We show that the cohomology of G_S(p) is "often" isomorphic to the etale cohomology of the scheme Spec(O_k S), in particular, G_S(p) is of cohomological dimension 2 then. We deduce this from the results in our previous paper "Rings of integers of type K(\pi,1)" (arXiv:0705.3372), which mainly dealt with the tame case.


The Local Time of the Classical Risk Process

Abstract: In this paper we give an explicit expression for the local time of the classical risk process and associate it with the density of an occupational measure. To do so, we approximate the local time by a suitable sequence of absolutely continuous random fields. Also, as an application, we analyze the mean of the times $s \in [0,T]$ such that $0\leq X_{s} \leq X_{s+\epsilon} $ for some given $\epsilon>0$.


Vanishing homology

Abstract: In this paper we introduce a new homology theory devoted to the study of families such as semi-algebraic or subanalytic families and in general to any family definable in an o-minimal structure (such as Denjoy-Carleman definable or $ln-exp$ definable sets). The idea is to study the cycles which are vanishing when we approach a special fiber. This also enables us to derive local metric invariants for germs of definable sets. We prove that the homology groups are finitely generated.


q-Invariant Functions for Some Generalizations of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Semigroup

Abstract: We show that the multiplication operator associated to a fractional power of a Gamma random variable, with parameter q>0, maps the convex cone of the 1-invariant functions for a self-similar semigroup into the convex cone of the q-invariant functions for the associated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (for short OU) semigroup. We also describe the harmonic functions for some other generalizations of the OU semigroup. Among the various applications, we characterize, through their Laplace transforms, the laws of first passage times above and overshoot for certain two-sided stable OU processes and also for spectrally negative semi-stable OU processes. These Laplace transforms are expressed in terms of a new family of power series which includes the generalized Mittag-Leffler functions.


Bounds on the Poincare constant under negative dependence

Abstract: We give bounds on the Poincare (inverse spectral gap) constant of a non-negative, integer-valued random variable W, under negative dependence assumptions such as ultra log-concavity and total negative dependence. We show that the bounds obtained compare well to others in the literature. Examples treated include some occupancy and urn models, a random graph model and small spacings on the circumference of a circle. Applications to Poisson convergence theorems are considered.


Zero cycles on projective varieties and the norm principle

Abstract: Using the Gille-Merkurjev norm principle we compute in a uniform way the image of the degree map for quadrics (Springer's theorem), for twisted forms of maximal orthogonal Grassmannians (theorem of Bayer-Fluckiger and Lenstra), for E6- (Rost's theorem), and E7-varieties.


A study of counts of Bernoulli strings via conditional Poisson processes

Abstract: We say that a string of length $d$ occurs, in a Bernoulli sequence, if a success is followed by exactly $(d-1)$ failures before the next success. The counts of such $d$-strings are of interest, and in specific independent Bernoulli sequences are known to correspond to asymptotic $d$-cycle counts in random permutations. In this note, we give a new framework, in terms of conditional Poisson processes, which allows for a quick characterization of the joint distribution of the counts of all $d$-strings, in a general class of Bernoulli sequences, as certain mixtures of the product of Poisson measures. This general class includes all Bernoulli sequences considered before, as well many new sequences.


Dynamics of Twisted Alexander Invariants

Abstract: The Pontryagin dual of the twisted Alexander module for a d-component link and GL(N,Z) representation is an algebraic dynamical system with an elementary description in terms of colorings of a diagram. In the case of a knot, its associated topological entropy is the logarithmic growth rate of the number of torsion elements in the twisted first-homology group of r-fold cyclic covers of the knot complement, as r goes to infinity. Total twisted representations are introduced, and their properties are studied. The twisted Alexander polynomial obtained from any nonabelian parabolic SL(2,C) representation of a 2-bridge knot group is seen to be nontrivial. The zeros of any twisted Alexander polynomial of a torus knot corresponding to a parabolic SL(2,C) representation or a finite-image permutation representation are shown to be roots of unity.


Necessary and sufficient conditions for local Pareto optimality on time scales

Abstract: We study a multiobjective variational problem on time scales. For this problem, necessary and sufficient conditions for weak local Pareto optimality are given. We also prove a necessary optimality condition for the isoperimetric problem with multiple constraints on time scales.


Exponential Bounds in the Law of Iterated Logarithm for Martingales

Abstract: In this paper non-asymptotic exponential estimates are derived for tail of maximum martingale distribution by naturally norming in the spirit of the classical Law of Iterated Logarithm. Key words: Martingales, exponential estimations, moment, Banach spaces of random variables, tail of distribution, conditional expectation.


A local families index formula for d-bar operators on punctured Riemann surfaces

Abstract: Using heat kernel methods developed by Vaillant, a local index formula is obtained for families of d-bar operators on the Teichmuller universal curve of Riemann surfaces of genus g with n punctures. The formula also holds on the moduli space M{g,n} in the sense of orbifolds where it can be written in terms of Mumford-Morita-Miller classes. The degree two part of the formula gives the curvature of the corresponding determinant line bundle equipped with the Quillen connection, a result originally obtained by Takhtajan and Zograf.


Well-posedness of the Fifth Order Kadomtsev-Petviashvili I Equation in Anisotropic Sobolev Spaces with Nonnegative Indices

Abstract: In this paper we establish the local and global well-posedness of the real valued fifth order Kadomstev-Petviashvili I equation in the anisotropic Sobolev spaces with nonnegative indices. In particular, our local well-posedness improves Saut-Tzvetkov's one and our global well-posedness gives an affirmative answer to Saut-Tzvetkov's $L^2$-data conjecture.


On scatteredly continuous maps between topological spaces

Abstract: A map $f:X\to Y$ between topological spaces is defined to be {\em scatteredly continuous} if for each subspace $A\subset X$ the restriction $f|A$ has a point of continuity. We show that for a function $f:X\to Y$ from a perfectly paracompact hereditarily Baire Preiss-Simon space $X$ into a regular space $Y$ the scattered continuity of $f$ is equivalent to (i) the weak discontinuity (for each subset $A\subset X$ the set $D(f|A)$ of discontinuity points of $f|A$ is nowhere dense in $A$), (ii) the $\sigma$-continuity ($X$ can be written as a countable union of closed subsets on which $f$ is continuous), (iii) the $G_\delta$-measurability (the preimage of each open set is of type $G_\delta$). Also under Martin Axiom, we construct a $G_\delta$-measurable map $f:X\to Y$ between metrizable separable spaces, which is not piecewise continuous. This answers an old question of V.Vinokurov.


The coarse classification of homogeneous ultra-metric spaces

Abstract: We prove that two homogeneous ultra-metric spaces $X,Y$ are coarsely equivalent if and only if $\mathrm{Ent}^\sharp(X)=\mathrm{Ent}^\sharp(Y)$ where $\mathrm{Ent}^\sharp(X)$ is the so-called sharp entropy of $X$. This classification implies that each homogeneous proper ultra-metric space is coarsely equivalent to the anti-Cantor set $2^{<\omega}$. For the proof of these results we develop a technique of towers which can have an independent interest.


Maximization of the second positive Neumann eigenvalue for planar domains

Abstract: We prove that the second positive Neumann eigenvalue of a bounded simply-connected planar domain of a given area does not exceed the first positive Neumann eigenvalue on a disk of a twice smaller area. This estimate is sharp and attained by a sequence of domains degenerating to a union of two identical disks. In particular, this result implies the Polya conjecture for the second Neumann eigenvalue. The proof is based on a combination of analytic and topological arguments. As a by-product of our method we obtain an upper bound on the second eigenvalue for conformally round metrics on odd-dimensional spheres.


On the oscillatory integration of some ordinary differential equations

Abstract: Conditions are given for a class of nonlinear ordinary differential equations x''(t)+a(t)w(x)=0, t>=1, which includes the linear equation to possess solutions x(t) with prescribed oblique asymptote that have an oscillatory pseudo-wronskian x'(t)-x(t)/t.


Dominated splitting and zero volume for incompressible three-flows

Abstract: We prove that there exists an open and dense subset of the incompressible 3-flows of class C^2 such that, if a flow in this set has a positive volume regular invariant subset with dominated splitting for the linear Poincar\'e flow, then it must be an Anosov flow. With this result we are able to extend the dichotomies of Bochi-Ma\~n\'e and of Newhouse for flows with singularities. That is we obtain for a residual subset of the C^1 incompressible flows on 3-manifolds that: (i) either all Lyapunov exponents are zero or the flow is Anosov, and (ii) either the flow is Anosov or else the elliptic periodic points are dense in the manifold.


On a ramification bound of torsion semi-stable representations over a local field

Abstract: For a rational prime p, let k be a perfect field of characteristic p, K be a finite totally ramified extension of Frac(W(k)) of degree e and r be a non-negative integer satisfying r<p-1. In this article, we prove the upper numbering ramification group G^(j) for j>u(K,r,n) acts trivially on the p^n-torsion semi-stable G_K-representations with the Hodge-Tate weights in {0,...,r}, where u(K,0,n)=0, u(K,1,n)=1+e(n+1/(p-1)) and u(K,r,n)=1-p^{-n}+e(n+r/(p-1)) for r>1.


On existence and uniqueness of the carrying simplex for competitive dynamical systems

Abstract: Certain dynamical models of competition have a unique invariant hypersurface to whichevery nonzero tractory is asymptotic, having simple geometry and topology.


On the testability and repair of hereditary hypergraph properties

Abstract: Recent works of Alon-Shapira and R\"odl-Schacht have demonstrated that every hereditary property of undirected graphs or hypergraphs is testable with one-sided error; informally, this means that if a graph or hypergraph satisfies that property "locally" with sufficiently high probability, then it can be perturbed (or "repaired") into a graph or hypergraph which satisfies that property "globally". In this paper we make some refinements to these results, some of which may be surprising. In the positive direction, we strengthen the results to cover hereditary properties of multiple directed polychromatic graphs and hypergraphs. In the case of undirected graphs, we extend the result to continuous graphs on probability spaces, and show that the repair algorithm is "local" in the sense that it only depends on a bounded amount of data; in particular, the graph can be repaired in a time linear in the number of edges. We also show that local repairability also holds for monotone or partite hypergraph properties (this latter result is also implicitly in work of Ishigami). In the negative direction, we show that local repairability breaks down for directed graphs, or for undirected 3-uniform hypergraphs. The reason for this contrast in behavior stems from (the limitations of) Ramsey theory.


Theory of non-lc ideal sheaves -basic properties-

Abstract: We introduce the notion of non-lc ideal sheaves. It is an analogue of the notion of multiplier ideal sheaves. We establish the restriction theorem, which seems to be the most important property of non-lc ideal sheaves.


Classification of Irreducible Weight Modules with a Finite-dimensional Weight Space over the Twisted Schr\"{o}dinger-Virasoro Lie algebra

Abstract: It is shown that the support of an irreducible weight module over the Schr\"{o}dinger-Virasoro Lie algebra with an infinite-dimensional weight space, coincides with the weight lattice and that all nontrivial weight spaces of such a module are infinite-dimensional. As a side-product, it is obtained that every simple weight module over the Schr\"{o}dinger-Virasoro Lie algebra with a nontrivial finite-dimensional weight space, is a Harish-Chandra module.


The derivation algebra and automorphism group of the twisted Schr\"{o}dinger-Virasoro algebra

Abstract: In this article, we determine the derivation algebra and the automorphism group of the twisted Schr\"{o}dinger-Virasoro algebra.


Representations of the Schr\"{o}dinger-Virasoro algebras

Abstract: In this paper it is proved that an irreducible weight module with finite-dimensional weight spaces over the Schr\"{o}dinger-Virasoro algebras is a highest/lowest weight module or a uniformly bounded module. Furthermore, indecomposable modules of the intermediate series over these algebras are completely determined.


2-Cocycles of Deformative Schr\"{o}dinger-Virasoro Algebras

Abstract: In a series of papers by Henkel, Roger and Unterberger, Schr\"{o}dinger-Virasoro algebras and their deformations were introduced and investigated. In the present paper we determine the 2-cocycles of a class of deformative Schr\"{o}dinger-Virasoro algebras.


Leibniz Central Extension on the Twisted Schr\"{o}dinger-Virasoro Algebra

Abstract: In this paper we present all the Leibniz 2-cocycles of the twisted Schr\"{o}dinger-Virasoro algebra, which determine its second Leibniz cohomology group.


Knots in Riemannian manifolds

Abstract: In this paper we study submanifold with nonpositive extrinsic curvature in a positively curved manifold. Among other things we prove that, if $K\subset (S^n, g)$ is a totally geodesic submanifold in a Riemannian sphere with positive sectional curvature where $n\ge 5$, then $K$ is homeomorphic to $S^{n-2}$ and the fundamental group of the knot complement $\pi_1(S^n-K)\cong \Bbb Z$.


On the topology of manifolds with positive isotropic curvature

Abstract: We show that a closed orientable Riemannian $n$-manifold, $n \ge 5$, with positive isotropic curvature and free fundamental group is homeomorphic to the connected sum of copies of $S^{n-1} \times S^1$.


A powerful test based on tapering for use in functional data analysis

Abstract: A test based on tapering is proposed for use in testing a global linear hypothesis under a functional linear model. The test statistic is constructed as a weighted sum of squared linear combinations of Fourier coefficients, a tapered quadratic form, in which higher Fourier frequencies are down-weighted so as to emphasize the smooth attributes of the model. A formula is $Q_n^{OPT}=n\sum_{j=1}^{p_n}j^{-1/2}\|\boldsymbol{Y}_{n,j}\|^2$. Down-weighting by $j^{-1/2}$ is selected to achieve adaptive optimality among tests based on tapering with respect to its ``rates of testing,'' an asymptotic framework for measuring a test's retention of power in high dimensions under smoothness constraints. Existing tests based on truncation or thresholding are known to have superior asymptotic power in comparison with any test based on tapering; however, it is shown here that high-order effects can be substantial, and that a test based on $Q_n^{OPT}$ exhibits better (non-asymptotic) power against the sort of alternatives that would typically be of concern in functional data analysis applications. The proposed test is developed for use in practice, and demonstrated in an example application.


Spatial modelling for mixed-state observations

Abstract: In several application fields like daily pluviometry data modelling, or motion analysis from image sequences, observations contain two components of different nature. A first part is made with discrete values accounting for some symbolic information and a second part records a continuous (real-valued) measurement. We call such type of observations "mixed-state observations". This paper introduces spatial models suited for the analysis of these kinds of data. We consider multi-parameter auto-models whose local conditional distributions belong to a mixed state exponential family. Specific examples with exponential distributions are detailed, and we present some experimental results for modelling motion measurements from video sequences.


On Frenkel-Mukhin algorithm for q-character of quantum affine algebras

Abstract: The q-character is a strong tool to study finite-dimensional representations of quantum affine algebras. However, the explicit formula of the q-character of a given representation has not been known so far. Frenkel and Mukhin proposed the iterative algorithm which generates the q-character of a given irreducible representation starting from its highest weight monomial. The algorithm is known to work for various classes of representations. In this note, however, we give an example in which the algorithm fails to generate the q-character.


Cosets, genericity, and the Weyl group

Abstract: We prove a non-generosity theorem for proper cosets in groups of finite Morley rank and elaborate on the theory of Weyl groups in this context.


Cohomological properties of non-standard multigraded modules

Abstract: In this paper we study some cohomological properties of non-standard multigraded modules and Veronese transforms of them. Among others numerical characters, we study the generalized depth of a module and we see that it is invariant by taking a Veronese transform. We prove some vanishing theorems for the local cohomology modules of a multigraded module; as a corollary of these results we get that the depth of a Veronese module is asymptotically constant.


Free-energy-dissipative schemes for the Oldroyd-B model

Abstract: In this article, we analyze the stability of various numerical schemes for differential models of viscoelastic fluids. More precisely, we consider the prototypical Oldroyd-B model, for which a free energy dissipation holds, and we show under which assumptions such a dissipation is also satisfied for the numerical scheme. Among the numerical schemes we analyze, we consider some discretizations based on the log-formulation of the Oldroyd-B system proposed by Fattal and Kupferman, which have been reported to be numerically more stable than discretizations of the usual formulation in some benchmark problems. Our analysis gives some tracks to understand these numerical observations.


On Wasserstein geometry of the space of Gaussian measures

Abstract: The space of Gaussian measures on a Euclidean space is geodesically convex in the $L^2$-Wasserstein space. This space is a finite dimensional manifold since Gaussian measures are parameterized by means and covariance matrices. By restricting to the space of Gaussian measures inside the $L^2$-Wasserstein space, we manage to provide detailed descriptions of the $L^2$-Wasserstein geometry from a Riemannian geometric viewpoint. We first construct a Riemannian metric which induces the $L^2$-Wasserstein distance. Then we obtain a formula for the sectional curvatures of the space of Gaussian measures, which is written out in terms of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix.


On the Number of Matchings in Regular Graphs

Abstract: For the set of graphs with a given degree sequence, consisting of any number of $2's$ and $1's$, and its subset of bipartite graphs, we characterize the optimal graphs who maximize and minimize the number of $m$-matchings. We find the expected value of the number of $m$-matchings of $r$-regular bipartite graphs on $2n$ vertices with respect to the two standard measures. We state and discuss the conjectured upper and lower bounds for $m$-matchings in $r$-regular bipartite graphs on $2n$ vertices, and their asymptotic versions for infinite $r$-regular bipartite graphs. We prove these conjectures for 2-regular bipartite graphs and for $m$-matchings with $m\le 4$.


The Jiang-Su algebra revisited

Abstract: We give a number of new characterizations of the Jiang-Su algebra Z, both intrinsic and extrinsic, in terms of C*-algebraic, dynamical, topological and K-theoretic conditions. Along the way we study divisibility properties of C*-algebras, we give a precise characterization of those unital C*-algebras of stable rank one that admit a unital embedding of the dimension-drop C*-algebra Z_{n,n+1}, and we prove a cancellation theorem for the Cuntz semigroup of C*-algebras of stable rank one.


A functional central limit theorem for regenerative chains

Abstract: Using the regenerative scheme of Comets, Fern\'andez and Ferrari (2002), we establish a functional central limit theorem (FCLT) for discrete time stochastic processes (chains) with summable memory decay. Furthermore, under stronger assumptions on the memory decay, we identify the limiting variance in terms of the process only. As applications, we define classes of binary autoregressive processes and power-law Ising chains for which the FCLT is fulfilled.


Non-existence and splitting theorems for normal integral bases

Abstract: We establish new conditions that prevent the existence of (weak) normal integral bases in tame Galois extensions of number fields. This leads to the following result: under appropriate technical hypotheses, the existence of a normal integral basis in the upper layer of an abelian tower Q \subset K \subset L forces the tower to be split in a very strong sense.


Holomorphic maps from rational homogeneous spaces onto projective manifolds

Abstract: Answering a problem raised by Lazarsfeld, Hwang and Mok proved that a surjective holomorphic map from a rational homogeneous space of Picard number 1 onto projective manifold different from projective space must be a biholomorphism. THe aim of this paper is to generalized this result to irreducible rational homogeneous space of higher Picard number.


Formal Desingularization of Surfaces - The Jung Method Revisited -

Abstract: In this paper we propose the concept of formal desingularizations as a substitute for the resolution of algebraic varieties. Though a usual resolution of algebraic varieties provides more information on the structure of singularities there is evidence that the weaker concept is enough for many computational purposes. We give a detailed study of the Jung method and show how it facilitates an efficient computation of formal desingularizations for projective surfaces over a field of characteristic zero, not necessarily algebraically closed. The paper includes a generalization of Duval's Theorem on rational Puiseux parametrizations to the multivariate case and a detailed description of a system for multivariate algebraic power series computations.


Adjoint Computation for Hypersurfaces Using Formal Desingularizations

Abstract: We show how to use formal desingularizations (defined earlier by the first author) in order to compute the global sections (also called adjoints) of twisted pluricanonical sheaves. These sections define maps that play an important role in the birational classification of schemes.


Liouville type results for periodic and almost periodic linear operators

Abstract: We are concerned with some extensions of the classical Liouville theorem for bounded harmonic functions to solutions of more general equations. We deal with entire solutions of periodic and almost periodic parabolic equations including the elliptic framework as a particular case. We derive a Liouville type result for periodic operators as a consequence of a result for operators periodic in just one variable, which is new even in the elliptic case. More precisely, we show that if $c\leq0$ and $a_{ij}, b_i, c, f$ are periodic in the same space/time direction, with the same period, then any bounded solution $u$ of $$\partial_t u-a_{ij}(x,t)\partial_{ij}u-b_i(x,t)\partial_iu-c(x,t)u=f(x,t),\quad x\in\R^N,\ t\in\R,$$ is periodic in that direction. We then derive the following Liouville type result: if $c\leq0, f\equiv0$ and $a_{ij}, b_i, c$ are periodic in all the space/time variables, with the same periods, then the space of bounded solutions of the above equation has at most dimension one. In the case of the equation $\partial_t u-Lu=f(x,t)$, with $L$ periodic elliptic operator independent of $t$, the hypothesis $c\leq0$ can be weaken by requiring that the periodic principal eigenvalue of $-L$ is nonnegative. Instead, the periodicity assumption cannot be relaxed, because we explicitly exhibit an almost periodic function $b$ such that the space of bounded solutions of $u''+b(x)u'=0$ in $\R$ has dimension 2, and it is generated by the constant solution and a non-almost periodic solution. Next, a sufficient condition for any bounded solution to be almost periodicis derived. We also treat the case of periodic domains under either Dirichlet or Robin boundary conditions.


Aspects of Predicative Algebraic Set Theory II: Realizability

Abstract: This is the second in a series of papers on the relation between algebraic set theory and predicative formal systems. In part I, we introduced the notion of a predicative category of small maps and obtained the result that such categories always contain a model of set theory. In the present paper, we show that the familiar realizability models of the constructive set theories CZF and IZF can be obtained as an application of this result. For this purpose, we show that predicative categories with small maps are closed under an internal notion of realizability.


Critical mass for a Patlak-Keller-Segel model with degenerate diffusion in higher dimensions

Abstract: This paper is devoted to the analysis of non-negative solutions for a generalisation of the classical parabolic-elliptic Patlak-Keller-Segel system with $d\ge3$ and porous medium-like non-linear diffusion. Here, the non-linear diffusion is chosen in such a way that its scaling and the one of the Poisson term coincide. We exhibit that the qualitative behaviour of solutions is decided by the initial mass of the system. Actually, there is a sharp critical mass $M_c$ such that if $M \in (0,M_c]$ solutions exist globally in time, whereas there are blowing-up solutions otherwise. We also show the existence of self-similar solutions for $M \in (0,M_c)$. While characterising the eventual infinite time blowing-up profile for $M=M_c$, we observe that the long time asymptotics are much more complicated than in the classical Patlak-Keller-Segel system in dimension two.


Operators on C_{0}(L,X) whose range does not contain c_{0}

Abstract: This paper contains the following results: a) Suppose that X is a non-trivial Banach space and L is a non-empty locally compact Hausdorff space without any isolated points. Then each linear operator T: C_{0}(L,X)\to C_{0}(L,X), whose range does not contain C_{00} isomorphically, satisfies the Daugavet equality ||I+T||=1+||T||. b) Let \Gamma be a non-empty set and X, Y be Banach spaces such that X is reflexive and Y does not contain c_{0} isomorphically. Then any continuous linear operator T: c_{0}(\Gamma,X)\to Y is weakly compact.


On the global well-posedness for the axisymmetric Euler equations

Abstract: This paper deals with the global well-posedness of the 3D axisymmetric Euler equations for initial data lying in critical Besov spaces $B_{p,1}^{1+3/p}$. In this case the BKM criterion is not known to be valid and to circumvent this difficulty we use a new decomposition of the vorticity.


Malliavin calculus for difference approximations of multidimensional diffusions: truncated local limit theorem

Abstract: For a difference approximations of multidimensional diffusion, the truncated local limit theorem is proved. Under very mild conditions on the distribution of the difference terms, this theorem provides that the transition probabilities of these approximations, after truncation of some asymptotically negligible terms, possess a densities that converge uniformly to the transition probability density for the limiting diffusion and satisfy a uniform diffusion-type estimates. The proof is based on the new version of the Malliavin calculus for the product of finite family of measures, that may contain non-trivial singular components. An applications for uniform estimates for mixing and convergence rates for difference approximations to SDE's and for convergence of difference approximations for local times of multidimensional diffusions are given.


A Note on the class of superreflexive almost transitive Banach spaces

Abstract: The class J of simultaneously almost transitive, uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach spaces is characterized in terms of convex-transitivity and weak geometry of the norm.


Spectra of symmetric powers of graphs and the Weisfeiler-Lehman refinements

Abstract: The k-th power of a n-vertex graph X is the iterated cartesian product of X with itself. The k-th symmetric power of X is the quotient graph of certain subgraph of its k-th power by the natural action of the symmetric group. It is natural to ask if the spectrum of the k-th power --or the spectrum of the k-th symmetric power-- is a complete graph invariant for small values of k, for example, for k=O(1) or k=O(log n). In this paper, we answer this question in the negative: we prove that if the well known 2k-dimensional Weisfeiler-Lehman method fails to distinguish two given graphs, then their k-th powers --and their k-th symmetric powers-- are cospectral. As it is well known, there are pairs of non-isomorphic n-vertex graphs which are not distinguished by the k-dim WL method, even for k=Omega(n). In particular, this shows that for each k, there are pairs of non-isomorphic n-vertex graphs with cospectral k-th (symmetric) powers.


Analysis of the stochastic FitzHugh-Nagumo system

Abstract: In this paper we study a system of stochastic differential equations with dissipative nonlinearity which arise in certain neurobiology models. Besides proving existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence on the initial datum, we shall be mainly concerned with the asymptotic behaviour of the solution. We prove the existence of an invariant ergodic measure $\nu$ associated with the transition semigroup $P_t$; further, we identify its infinitesimal generator in the space $L^2(H;\nu)$.


A class of transversal polymatroids with Gorenstein base ring

Abstract: In this paper, the principal tool to describe transversal polymatroids with Gorenstein base ring is polyhedral geometry, especially the $Danilov-Stanley$ theorem for the characterization of canonical module. Also, we compute the $a-invariant$ and the Hilbert series of base ring associated to this class of transversal polymatroids.


The Einstein relation for random walks on graphs

Abstract: This paper investigates the Einstein relation; the connection between the volume growth, the resistance growth and the expected time a random walk needs to leave a ball on a weighted graph. The Einstein relation is proved under different set of conditions. In the simplest case it is shown under the volume doubling and time comparison principles. This and the other set of conditions provide the basic framework for the study of (sub-) diffusive behavior of the random walks on weighted graphs.


A Lie-theoretic construction of spherical symplectic reflection algebras

Abstract: We propose a construction of the spherical subalgebra of a symplectic reflection algebra of an arbitrary rank corresponding to a star-shaped affine Dynkin diagram. Namely, it is obtained from the universal enveloping algebra of a certain semi-simple Lie algebra by the process of quantum Hamiltonian reduction. As an application, we propose a construction of finite-dimensional representations of the spherical subalgebra.


Upper bounds for transition probabilities on graphs and isoperimetric inequalities

Abstract: In this paper necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for heat kernel upper bounds for random walks on weighted graphs. Several equivalent conditions are given in the form of isoperimetric inequalities.


Random walks on graphs with volume and time doubling

Abstract: This paper studies the on- and off-diagonal upper estimate and the two-sided transition probability estimate of random walks on weighted graphs.


Galois theory and integral models of Lambda-rings

Abstract: We show that any Lambda-ring, in the sense of Riemann-Roch theory, which is finite etale over the rational numbers and has an integral model as a Lambda-ring is contained in a product of cyclotomic fields. In fact, we show that the category of them is described in a Galois-theoretic way in terms of the monoid of pro-finite integers under multiplication and the cyclotomic character. We also study the maximality of these integral models and give a more precise, integral version of the result above. These results reveal an interesting relation between Lambda-rings and class field theory.


Fractional Laplacian phase transitions and boundary reactions: a geometric inequality and a symmetry result

Abstract: We deal with symmetry properties for solutions of nonlocal equations of the type $(-\Delta)^s v= f(v)\qquad {in $\R^n$,}$ where $s \in (0,1)$ and the operator $(-\Delta)^s$ is the so-called fractional Laplacian. The study of this nonlocal equation is made via a careful analysis of the following degenerate elliptic equation ${-div (x^\a \nabla u)=0 \qquad {on $\R^n\times(0,+\infty)$} -x^\a u_x = f(u) \qquad {on $\R^n\times\{0\}$} $ where $\a \in (-1,1)$. This equation is related to the fractional Laplacian since the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator $\Gamma_\a: u|_{\partial \R^{n+1}_+} \mapsto -x^\a u_x |_{\partial \R^{n+1}_+} $ is $(-\Delta)^{\frac{1-\a}{2}}$. This equation is related to the fractional Laplacian since the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator $\Gamma_\a: u|_{\partial \R^{n+1}_+} \mapsto -x^\a u_x |_{\partial \R^{n+1}_+} $ is $(-\Delta)^{\frac{1-\a}{2}}$. More generally, we study the so-called boundary reaction equations given by ${-div (\mu(x) \nabla u)+g(x,u)=0 {on $\R^n\times(0,+\infty)$} - \mu(x) u_x = f(u) {on $\R^n\times{0}$}$ under some natural assumptions on the diffusion coefficient $\mu$ and on the nonlinearities $f$ and $g$. We prove a geometric formula of Poincar\'e-type for stable solutions, from which we derive a symmetry result in the spirit of a conjecture of De Giorgi.


Feasibly Reducing KAT Equations to KA Equations

Abstract: Kleene algebra (KA) is the algebra of regular events. Familiar examples of Kleene algebras include regular sets, relational algebras, and trace algebras. A Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is a Kleene algebra with an embedded Boolean subalgebra. The addition of tests allows one to encode {\tt while} programs as KAT terms, thus the equational theory of KAT can express (propositional) program equivalence. More complicated statements about programs can be expressed in the Hoare theory of KAT, which suffices to encode Propositional Hoare Logic. That the equational theory of KAT reduces to the equational theory of KA has been shown by Cohen et al. Unfortunately, their reduction involves an exponential blowup in the size of the terms involved. Here we give an alternate feasible reduction.


Jet Geometrical Objects Depending on a Relativistic Time

Abstract: In this paper we study a collection of jet geometrical concepts, we refer to d-tensors, relativistic time dependent semisprays, harmonic curves and nonlinear connections on the 1-jet space J1(R;M), necessary to the construction of a Miron's-like geometrization for Lagrangians depending on a relativistic time. The geometrical relations between these jet geometrical objects are exposed.


One-Parameter Toric Deformations of Cyclic Quotient Singularities

Abstract: In the case of two-dimensional cyclic quotient singularities, we classify all one-parameter toric deformations in terms of certain Minkowski decompositions. In particular, we describe to which components each such deformation maps, show how to induce each deformation from a versal family, give explicit equations for each deformation, describe the singularities in the general fibers, and construct the corresponding partial simultaneous resolutions.


A Riemann mapping theorem for two-connected domains in the plane

Abstract: We show how to express a conformal map of a general two connected domain in the plane such that neither boundary component is a point to a representative domain which has the virtue of having an explicit algebraic Bergman kernel function. We shall explain why the representative domain is the best analogue of the unit disc in the two connected setting. The conformal map will be given as a simple and explicit algebraic function of an Ahlfors map of the domain associated to a specially chosen point. It will follow that the conformal map can be found by solving the same extremal problem that determines a Riemann map in the simply connected case.


Splitting finite antichains in the homomorphism order

Abstract: A structural condition is given for finite maximal antichains in the homomorphism order of relational structures to have the splitting property. It turns out that non-splitting antichains appear only at the bottom of the order. Moreover, we examine looseness and finite antichain extension property for some subclasses of the homomorphism poset. Finally, we take a look at cut-points in this order.


Sublattices of the lattice of local clones

Abstract: We investigate the complexity of the lattice of local clones over a countably infinite base set. In particular, we prove that this lattice contains all algebraic lattices with at most countably many compact elements as complete sublattices, but that the class of lattices embeddable into the local clone lattice is strictly larger than that.


The volume and time comparison principle and transition probability estimates for random walks

Abstract: This paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions for on- and off-diagonal transition probability estimates for random walks on weighted graphs. On the integer lattice and on may fractal type graphs both the volume of a ball and the mean exit time from a ball is independent of the centre, uniform in space. Here the upper estimate is given without such restriction and two-sided estimate is given if uniformity in the space assumed only for the mean exit time.


Quantum toroidal algebras and their representations

Abstract: Quantum toroidal algebras (or double affine quantum algebras) are defined from quantum affine Kac-Moody algebras by using the Drinfeld quantum affinization process. They are quantum groups analogs of elliptic Cherednik algebras (elliptic double affine Hecke algebras) to whom they are related via Schur-Weyl duality. In this review paper, we give a glimpse on some aspects of their very rich representation theory in the context of general quantum affinizations. We illustrate with several examples. We also announce new results and explain possible further developments, in particular on finite dimensional representations at roots of unity.


Towards an optimal algorithm for recognizing Laman graphs

Abstract: Laman graphs are fundamental to rigidity theory. A graph G with n vertices and m edges is a generic minimally rigid graph (Laman graph), if m=2n-3 and every induced subset of k vertices spans at most 2k-3 edges. We consider the verification problem: Given a graph G with n vertices, decide if it is Laman. We present an algorithm that takes O(T(n)+n log n) time, where T(n) is the best time to extract two edge disjoint spanning trees from G or decide no such trees exist. Our algorithm exploits a known construction called red-black hierarchy (RBH), that is a certificate for Laman graphs. First, we show how to verify if G admits an RBH and argue this is enough to conclude whether G is Laman or not. Second, we show how to construct the RBH using a two steps procedure that is simple and easy to implement. Finally, we point out some difficulties in using red-black hierarchies to compute a Henneberg construction, which seem to imply super-quadratic time algorithms when used for embedding a planar Laman graph as a pointed pseudo-triangulation.


Recurrence times and large deviations

Abstract: We give a criterion to determine the large deviation rate functions for abstract dynamical systems on towers. As an application of this criterion we show the level 2 large deviation principle for some class of smooth interval maps with nonuniform hyperbolicity.


Generalized permutation patterns -- a short survey

Abstract: An occurrence of a classical pattern p in a permutation \pi is a subsequence of \pi whose letters are in the same relative order (of size) as those in p. In an occurrence of a generalized pattern, some letters of that subsequence may be required to be adjacent in the permutation. Subsets of permutations characterized by the avoidance--or the prescribed number of occurrences--of generalized patterns exhibit connections to an enormous variety of other combinatorial structures, some of them apparently deep. We give a short overview of the state of the art for generalized patterns.


Abstract p-time proof nets for MALL: Conflict nets

Abstract: This paper presents proof nets for multiplicative-additive linear logic (MALL), called conflict nets. They are efficient, since both correctness and translation from a proof are p-time (polynomial time), and abstract, since they are invariant under transposing adjacent &-rules. A conflict net on a sequent is concise: axiom links with a conflict relation. Conflict nets are a variant of (and were inspired by) combinatorial proofs introduced recently for classical logic: each can be viewed as a maximal map (homomorphism) of contractible coherence spaces (P_4-free graphs, or cographs), from axioms to sequent. The paper presents new results for other proof nets: (1) correctness and cut elimination for slice nets (Hughes / van Glabbeek 2003) are p-time, and (2) the cut elimination proposed for monomial nets (Girard 1996) does not work. The subtleties which break monomial net cut elimination also apply to conflict nets: as with monomial nets, existence of a confluent cut elimination remains an open question.


Weak approximation on del Pezzo surfaces of degree 1

Abstract: We study del Pezzo surfaces of degree 1 of the form w^2 = z^3 + Ax^6 + By^6 in the weighted projective space P_k(1,1,2,3), where k is a perfect field of characteristic not 2 or 3 and A,B \in k^*. Over a number field, we exhibit an infinite family of (minimal) counterexamples to weak approximation amongst these surfaces, via a Brauer-Manin obstruction.


Perturbing singular solutions of the Gelfand problem

Abstract: he equation $-\Delta u = \lambda e^u$ posed in the unit ball $B \subseteq \R^N$, with homogeneous Dirichlet condition $u|_{\partial B} = 0$, has the singular solution $U=\log\frac1{|x|^2}$ when $\lambda = 2(N-2)$. If $N\ge 4$ we show that under small deformations of the ball there is a singular solution $(u,\lambda)$ close to $(U,2(N-2))$. In dimension $N\ge 11$ it corresponds to the extremal solution -- the one associated to the largest $\lambda$ for which existence holds. In contrast, we prove that if the deformation is sufficiently large then even when $N\ge 10$, the extremal solution remains bounded in many cases.


Staircase Macdonald polynomials and the $q$-Discriminant

Abstract: We prove that a $q$-deformation $\Disc k\X q$ of the powers of the discriminant is equal, up to a normalization, to a specialization of a Macdonald polynomial indexed by a staircase partition. We investigate the expansion of $\Disc k\X q$ on different basis of symmetric functions. In particular, we show that its expansion on the monomial basis can be explicitly described in terms of standard tableaux and we generalize a result of King-Toumazet-Wybourne about the expansion of the $q$-discriminant on the Schur basis.


Schubert presentation of the integral cohomology ring of the flag manifolds G/T

Abstract: Let G be a compact connected Lie group with a maximal torus T\subsetG. In the context of Schubert calculus we obtain a canonical presentation for the integral cohomology ring H^{\ast}(G/T) of the complete flag manifold G/T. The result have been applied in [15] to construct the integral cohomology ring H^{\ast}(G) in terms of Schubert classes on G/T, and in [16] to determine the structure of the modp cohomology H^{\ast}(G;F_{p}) as a Hopf algebra over the Steenrod algebra.


Stable solutions for the bilaplacian with exponential nonlinearity

Abstract: Let $\lambda^*>0$ denote the largest possible value of $\lambda$ such that \begin{align*} \left\{\begin{aligned} \Delta^2 u & = \la e^u && \text{in $B $} u &= \pd{u}{n} = 0 && \text{on $ \pa B $} \end{aligned} \right. \end{align*} has a solution, where $B$ is the unit ball in $\R^N$ and $n$ is the exterior unit normal vector. We show that for $\lambda=\lambda^*$ this problem possesses a unique {\em weak} solution $u^*$. We prove that $u^*$ is smooth if $N\le 12$ and singular when $N\ge 13$, in which case $ u^*(r) = - 4 \log r + \log (8(N-2)(N-4) / \lambda^*) + o(1)$ as $r\to 0$. We also consider the problem with general constant Dirichlet boundary conditions.


Eulerian calculus for the displacement convexity in the Wasserstein distance

Abstract: In this paper we give a new proof of the (strong) displacement convexity of a class of integral functionals defined on a compact Riemannian manifold satisfying a lower Ricci curvature bound. Our approach does not rely on existence and regularity results for optimal transport maps on Riemannian manifolds, but it is based on the Eulerian point of view recently introduced by Otto-Westdickenberg and on the metric characterization of the gradient flows generated by the functionals in the Wasserstein space.


Coding on countably infinite alphabets

Abstract: This paper describes universal lossless coding strategies for compressing sources on countably infinite alphabets. Classes of memoryless sources defined by an envelope condition on the marginal distribution provide benchmarks for coding techniques originating from the theory of universal coding over finite alphabets. We prove general upper-bounds on minimax regret and lower-bounds on minimax redundancy for such source classes. The general upper bounds emphasize the role of the Normalized Maximum Likelihood codes with respect to minimax regret in the infinite alphabet context. Lower bounds are derived by tailoring sharp bounds on the redundancy of Krichevsky-Trofimov coders for sources over finite alphabets. Up to logarithmic (resp. constant) factors the bounds are matching for source classes defined by algebraically declining (resp. exponentially vanishing) envelopes. Effective and (almost) adaptive coding techniques are described for the collection of source classes defined by algebraically vanishing envelopes. Those results extend ourknowledge concerning universal coding to contexts where the key tools from parametric inference


Some Characterizations of VNL Rings

Abstract: A ring R is said to be VNL if for any a in R, either a or 1-a is (von Neumann) regular. The class of VNL rings lies properly between the exchange rings and (von Neumann) regular rings. We characterize abelian VNL rings. We also characterize and classify arbitrary VNL rings without infinite set of orthogonal idempotents; and also the VNL rings having primitive idempotent e such that eRe is not a division ring. We prove that a semiperfect ring R is VNL if and only if for any right uni-modular row (a, b) in R^2, one of the a or b is regular in R. Formal triangular matrix rings that are VNL, are also characterized. As a corollary it is shown that an upper triangular matrix ring T_n(R) is VNL if and only if n=2 or 3 and R is a division ring.


Stability and instability of weighted composition operators

Abstract: Let $\epsilon >0$. A continuous linear operator $T:C(X) \ra C(Y)$ is said to be {\em $\epsilon$-disjointness preserving} if $\vc (Tf)(Tg)\vd_{\infty} \le \epsilon$, whenever $f,g\in C(X)$ satisfy $\vc f\vd_{\infty} =\vc g\vd_{\infty} =1$ and $fg\equiv 0$. In this paper we address basically two main questions: 1.- How close there must be a weighted composition operator to a given $\epsilon$-disjointness preserving operator? 2.- How far can the set of weighted composition operators be from a given $\epsilon$-disjointness preserving operator? We address these two questions distinguishing among three cases: $X$ infinite, $X$ finite, and $Y$ a singleton ($\epsilon$-disjointness preserving functionals). We provide sharp stability and instability bounds for the three cases.


Lie algebras with S3 or S4-action, and generalized Malcev algebras

Abstract: Lie algebras endowed with an action by automorphisms of any of the symmetric groups S3 or S4 are considered, and their decomposition into a direct sum of irreducible modules for the given action is studied. In case of S3-symmetry, the Lie algebras are coordinatized by some nonassociative systems, which are termed generalized Malcev algebras, as they extend the classical Malcev algebras. These systems are endowed with a binary and a ternary products, and include both the Malcev algebras and the Jordan triple systems.


Isometric embeddings of compact spaces into Banach spaces

Abstract: We show the existence of a compact metric space $K$ such that whenever $K$ embeds isometrically into a Banach space $Y$, then any separable Banach space is linearly isometric to a subspace of $Y$. We also address the following related question: if a Banach space $Y$ contains an isometric copy of the unit ball or of some special compact subset of a separable Banach space $X$, does it necessarily contain a subspace isometric to $X$? We answer positively this question when $X$ is a polyhedral finite-dimensional space, $c_0$ or $\ell_1$.


Motives of hypersurfaces of very small degree

Abstract: We study the Chow motive (with rational coefficients) of a hypersurface X in the projective space by using the variety F(X) of l-dimensional planes contained in X. If the degree of X is sufficiently small we show that the primitive part of the motive of X is the tensor product of a direct summand in the motive of a suitable complete intersection in F(X) and the l-th twist Q(-l) of the Lefschetz motive.


A new approach to the representation theory of the symmetric groups. IV. $ \Bbb Z_{2}$-graded groups and algebras

Abstract: We start with definitions of the general notions of the theory of $\Bbb Z_{2}$-graded algebras. Then we consider theory of inductive families of $\Bbb Z_{2}$-graded semisimple finite-dimensional algebras and its representations in the spirit of approach of the papers \cite{VO,OV} to representation theory of symmetric groups. The main example is the classical - theory of the projective representations of symmetric groups.


Plane geometry and convexity of polynomial stability regions

Abstract: The set of controllers stabilizing a linear system is generally non-convex in the parameter space. In the case of two-parameter controller design (e.g. PI control or static output feedback with one input and two outputs), we observe however that quite often for benchmark problem instances, the set of stabilizing controllers seems to be convex. In this note we use elementary techniques from real algebraic geometry (resultants and Bezoutian matrices) to explain this phenomenon. As a byproduct, we derive a convex linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation of two-parameter fixed-order controller design problem, when possible.


Uniformly spread measures and vector fields

Abstract: We show that two different ideas of uniform spreading of locally finite measures in the d-dimensional Euclidean space are equivalent. The first idea is formulated in terms of finite distance transportations to the Lebesgue measure, while the second idea is formulated in terms of vector fields connecting a given measure with the Lebesgue measure.


Characters of the Grothendieck-Teichmueller group through rigidity of the Burau representation

Abstract: We present examples of characters of absolute Galois groups of number fields that can be recovered through their action by automorphisms on the profinite completion of the braid groups, using a ``rigidity'' approach. The way we use to recover them is through classical representations of the braid groups, and in particular through the Burau representation. This enables one to extend these characters to Grothendieck-Teichmueller groups.


Abstract: The aim of this paper is to prove an analogue of Baxter's inequality for fractional Brownian motion-type processes with Hurst index less than 1/2. This inequality is concerned with the norm estimate of the difference between finite- and infinite-past predictor coefficients.


A Pair of Smarandachely Isotopic Quasigroups and Loops of the Same Variety

Abstract: The isotopic invariance or universality of types and varieties of quasigroups and loops described by one or more equivalent identities has been of interest to researchers in loop theory in the recent past. A variety of quasigroups(loops) that are not universal have been found to be isotopic invariant relative to a special type of isotopism or the other. Presently, there are two outstanding open problems on universality of loops: semi automorphic inverse property loops(1999) and Osborn loops(2005). Smarandache isotopism(S-isotopism) was originally introduced by Vasantha Kandasamy in 2002. But in this work, the concept is re-restructured in order to make it more explorable. As a result of this, the theory of Smarandache isotopy inherits the open problems as highlighted above for isotopy. In this short note, the question 'Under what type of S-isotopism will a pair of S-quasigroups(S-loops) form any variety?' is answered by presenting a pair of specially S-isotopic S-quasigroups(loops) that both belong to the same variety of S-quasigroups(S-loops). This is important because pairs of specially S-isotopic S-quasigroups(e.g Smarandache cross inverse property quasigroups) that are of the same variety are useful for applications(e.g cryptography).


Combinatorial Characterization of the Assur Graphs from Engineering

Abstract: We introduce the idea of Assur graphs, a concept originally developed and exclusively employed in the literature of the kinematics community. The paper translates the terminology, questions, methods and conjectures from the kinematics terminology for one degree of freedom linkages to the terminology of Assur graphs as graphs with special properties in rigidity theory. Exploiting recent works in combinatorial rigidity theory we provide mathematical characterizations of these graphs derived from minimal linkages. With these characterizations, we confirm a series of conjectures posed by Offer Shai, and offer techniques and algorithms to be exploited further in future work.


The variance of the shock in the HAD process

Abstract: We consider the Hammersley-Aldous-Diaconis (HAD) process with sinks and sources such that there is a microscopic shock at every time $t$; denote $Z(t)$ its position. We show that the mean and variance of $Z(t)$ are linear functions of $t$ and compute explicitely the respective constants in function of the left and right densities. Furthermore, we describe the dependence of $Z(t)$ on the initial configuration in the scale $\sqrt t$ and, as a corollary, prove a central limit theorem.


Une nouvelle analyse des mesures maximisant l'entropie des diff\'eomorphismes d'Anosov de surfaces

Abstract: This note illustrates the strategy of our paper on piecewise affine surface homeomorphisms by giving a new proof of the finite multiplicity of the maximum entropy measure of Anosov diffeomorphisms (here on surfaces). This approach avoids the explicit construction of Markov partitions and will be applied elsewhere to some non-uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms.


On the persistence of invariant curves for Fibered Holomorphic Transformations

Abstract: We consider the problem of the persistence of invariant curves for analytical fibered holomorphic transformations. We define a fibered rotation number associated to an invariant curve. We show that an invariant curve with a prescribed fibered rotation number persists under small perturbations on the dynamics provided that the pair of rotation numbers verifies a Brjuno type arithmetical condition.


Moduli spaces of framed instanton sheaves on projective spaces

Abstract: This paper has been withdraw. A fully revised version with two new co-authors has been posted: "ADHM construction of perverse instanton sheaves", arXiv:1201.5657.


Topologically Trivial Legendrian Knots

Abstract: The paper deals with topologically trivial Legendrian knots in tight and overtwisted contact 3-manifolds. The first part contains a thorough exposition of the proof of the classification of topologically trivial Legendrian knots (i.e. Legendrian knots bounding embedded 2-disks) in tight contact 3-manifolds. This part was essentially written more than 10 years ago, but only a short version, without the detailed proofs, was published (in CRM Proc. Lecture Notes, Vol. 15, 1998). That paper also briefly discussed the overtwisted case. The final part of the present paper contains a more systematic discussion of Legendrian knots in overtwisted contact manifolds, and in particular, gives the coarse classification (i.e. classification up to a global contactomorphism) of topologically trivial Legendrian knots in overtwisted contact S^3.


Betti number bounds for fewnomial hypersurfaces via stratified Morse theory

Abstract: We use stratified Morse theory for a manifold with corners to give a new bound for the sum of the Betti numbers of a hypersurface in R^n_> defined by a polynomial with n+l+1 terms.


Penalized Clustering of Large Scale Functional Data with Multiple Covariates

Abstract: In this article, we propose a penalized clustering method for large scale data with multiple covariates through a functional data approach. In the proposed method, responses and covariates are linked together through nonparametric multivariate functions (fixed effects), which have great flexibility in modeling a variety of function features, such as jump points, branching, and periodicity. Functional ANOVA is employed to further decompose multivariate functions in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space and provide associated notions of main effect and interaction. Parsimonious random effects are used to capture various correlation structures. The mixed-effect models are nested under a general mixture model, in which the heterogeneity of functional data is characterized. We propose a penalized Henderson's likelihood approach for model-fitting and design a rejection-controlled EM algorithm for the estimation. Our method selects smoothing parameters through generalized cross-validation. Furthermore, the Bayesian confidence intervals are used to measure the clustering uncertainty. Simulation studies and real-data examples are presented to investigate the empirical performance of the proposed method. Open-source code is available in the R package MFDA.


Exts and Vertex Operators

Abstract: The direct product of two Hilbert schemes of the same surface has natural K-theory classes given by the alternating Ext groups between the two ideal sheaves in question, twisted by a line bundle. We express the Chern classes of these virtual bundles in terms of Nakajima operators.


Cohomology of Frobenius Algebras and the Yang-Baxter Equation

Abstract: A cohomology theory for multiplications and comultiplications of Frobenius algebras is developed in low dimensions in analogy with Hochschild cohomology of bialgebras based on deformation theory. Concrete computations are provided for key examples. Skein theoretic constructions give rise to solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation using multiplications and comultiplications of Frobenius algebras, and 2-cocycles are used to obtain deformations of R-matrices thus obtained.


Hypergames and full completeness for system F (rough draft)

Abstract: This paper reviews the fully complete hypergames model of system $F$, presented a decade ago in the author's thesis. Instantiating type variables is modelled by allowing ``games as moves''. The uniformity of a quantified type variable $\forall X$ is modelled by copycat expansion: $X$ represents an unknown game, a kind of black box, so all the player can do is copy moves between a positive occurrence and a negative occurrence of $X$. This presentation is based on slides for a talk entitled ``Hypergame semantics: ten years later'' given at `Games for Logic and Programming Languages', Seattle, August 2006.


A new proof of Roth's theorem on arithmetic progressions

Abstract: We present a proof of Roth's theorem that follows a slightly different structure to the usual proofs, in that there is not much iteration. Although our proof works using a type of density increment argument (which is typical of most proofs of Roth's theorem), we do not pass to a progression related to the large Fourier coefficients of our set (as most other proofs of Roth do). Furthermore, in our proof, the density increment is achieved through an application of a quantitative version of Varnavides's theorem, which is perhaps unexpected.


Non-Realizable Minimal Vertex Triangulations of Surfaces: Showing Non-Realizability using Oriented Matroids and Satisfiability Solvers

Abstract: We show that no minimal vertex triangulation of a closed, connected, orientable 2-manifold of genus 6 admits a polyhedral embedding in R^3. We also provide examples of minimal vertex triangulations of closed, connected, orientable 2-manifolds of genus 5 that do not admit any polyhedral embeddings. We construct a new infinite family of non-realizable triangulations of surfaces. These results were achieved by transforming the problem of finding suitable oriented matroids into a satisfiability problem. This method can be applied to other geometric realizability problems, e.g. for face lattices of polytopes.


Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation currents and laminations in bifurcation loci

Abstract: Bifurcation loci in the moduli space of degree $d$ rational maps are shaped by the hypersurfaces defined by the existence of a cycle of period $n$ and multiplier 0 or $e^{i\theta}$. Using potential-theoretic arguments, we establish two equidistribution properties for these hypersurfaces with respect to the bifurcation current. To this purpose we first establish approximation formulas for the Lyapunov function. In degree $d=2$, this allows us to build holomorphic motions and show that the bifurcation locus has a lamination structure in the regions where an attracting basin of fixed period exists.


Enumerating (multiplex) juggling sequences

Abstract: We consider the problem of enumerating periodic $\sigma$-juggling sequences of length $n$ for multiplex juggling, where $\sigma$ is the initial state (or {\em landing schedule}) of the balls. We first show that this problem is equivalent to choosing 1's in a specified matrix to guarantee certain column and row sums, and then using this matrix, derive a recursion. This work is a generalization of earlier work of Fan Chung and Ron Graham.


Derived categories of sheaves on singular schemes with an application to reconstruction

Abstract: We prove that the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves with proper support is equivalent to the category of locally-finite, cohomological functors on the perfect derived category of a quasi-projective scheme over a field. We introduce the notions of pseudo-adjoints and Rouquier functors and study them. As an application of these ideas and results, we extend the reconstruction result of Bondal and Orlov to Gorenstein projective varieties.


Some thoughts on the asymptotics of the deconvolution kernel density estimator

Abstract: Via a simulation study we compare the finite sample performance of the deconvolution kernel density estimator in the supersmooth deconvolution problem to its asymptotic behaviour predicted by two asymptotic normality theorems. Our results indicate that for lower noise levels and moderate sample sizes the match between the asymptotic theory and the finite sample performance of the estimator is not satisfactory. On the other hand we show that the two approaches produce reasonably close results for higher noise levels. These observations in turn provide additional motivation for the study of deconvolution problems under the assumption that the error term variance $\sigma^2\to 0$ as the sample size $n\to\infty.$


Classification of Harish-Chandra modules over the $W$-algebra W(2,2)

Abstract: In this paper, we classify all irreducible weight modules with finite dimensional weight spaces over the $W$-algebra $W(2, 2)$. Meanwhile, all indecomposable modules with one dimensional weight spaces over the $W$-algebra $W(2, 2)$ are also determined.


Classification of irreducible weight modules over $W$-algebra W(2,2)

Abstract: We show that the support of an irreducible weight module over the $W$-algebra $W(2, 2)$, which has an infinite dimensional weight space, coincides with the weight lattice and that all nontrivial weight spaces of such a module are infinite dimensional. As a corollary, we obtain that every irreducible weight module over the the $W$-algebra $W(2, 2)$, having a nontrivial finite dimensional weight space, is a Harish-Chandra module (and hence is either an irreducible highest or lowest weight module or an irreducible module of the intermediate series).


Ricci flow unstable cell centered at an Einstein metric on the twistor space of positive quaternion K\"ahler manifolds of dimension $\geq 8$

Abstract: We show that a 1-parameter family Ricci flow ancient solutions arises from the natural collapsings of the twistor space of positive quaternion K\"ahler manifolds. We use these ancient solutions to show that a positive quaternion K\"ahler manifold is isometric to one of the Wolf spaces.


The Combinatorial Norm of a Morphism of Schemes

Abstract: In this paper we will prove that there exists a covariant functor from the category of schemes to the category of graphs. This functor provides a combination between algebraic varieties and combinatorial graphs so that the invariants defined on graphs can be introduced to algebraic varieties in a natural manner. By the functor, we will define the combinatorial norm of a morphism of schemes. Then we will obtain some properties of morphisms of norm not great than one. The topics discussed here can be applied to study the discrete Morse theory on arithmetic schemes and Kontsevich's theory of graph homology.


General isotropic flags are general (for Grassmannian Schubert calculus)

Abstract: We show that general isotropic flags for odd-orthogonal and symplectic groups are general for Schubert calculus on the classical Grassmannian in that Schubert cells defined by such flags meet transversally. This strengthens a result of Belkale and Kumar in arXiv:0708.0398.


A Global Uniqueness for Formally Determined Inverse Electromagnetic Obstacle Scattering

Abstract: It is proved that a general polyhedral perfect conducting obstacle in $\mathbb{R}^3$, possibly consisting of finitely many solid polyhedra, is uniquely determined by the far-field pattern corresponding to a single incident wave. This improves earlier results in the literature to the formally determined case.


Least squares type estimation of the transition density of a particular hidden Markov chain

Abstract: In this paper, we study the following model of hidden Markov chain: $Y_i=X_i+\epsilon_i$, $i=1,...,n+1$ with $(X_i)$ a real-valued stationary Markov chain and $(\epsilon_i)_{1\leq i\leq n+1}$ a noise having a known distribution and independent of the sequence $(X_i)$. We present an estimator of the transition density obtained by minimization of an original contrast that takes advantage of the regressive aspect of the problem. It is selected among a collection of projection estimators with a model selection method. The $L^2$-risk and its rate of convergence are evaluated for ordinary smooth noise and some simulations illustrate the method. We obtain uniform risk bounds over classes of Besov balls. In addition our estimation procedure requires no prior knowledge of the regularity of the true transition. Finally, our estimator permits to avoid the drawbacks of quotient estimators.


Total-variation cutoff in birth-and-death chains

Abstract: The cutoff phenomenon describes a case where a Markov chain exhibits a sharp transition in its convergence to stationarity. In 1996, Diaconis surveyed this phenomenon, and asked how one could recognize its occurrence in families of finite ergodic Markov chains. In 2004, the third author noted that a necessary condition for cutoff in a family of reversible chains is that the product of the mixing-time and spectral-gap tends to infinity, and conjectured that in many settings, this condition should also be sufficient. Diaconis and Saloff-Coste (2006) verified this conjecture for continuous-time birth-and-death chains, started at an endpoint, with convergence measured in separation. It is natural to ask whether the conjecture holds for these chains in the more widely used total-variation distance. In this work, we confirm the above conjecture for all continuous-time or lazy discrete-time birth-and-death chains, with convergence measured via total-variation distance. Namely, if the product of the mixing-time and spectral-gap tends to infinity, the chains exhibit cutoff at the maximal hitting time of the stationary distribution median, with a window of at most the geometric mean between the relaxation-time and mixing-time. In addition, we show that for any lazy (or continuous-time) birth-and-death chain with stationary distribution $\pi$, the separation $1 - p^t(x,y)/\pi(y)$ is maximized when $x,y$ are the endpoints. Together with the above results, this implies that total-variation cutoff is equivalent to separation cutoff in any family of such chains.


Over-populated Tails for conservative-in-the-mean Inelastic Maxwell Models

Abstract: We introduce and discuss spatially homogeneous Maxwell-type models of the nonlinear Boltzmann equation undergoing binary collisions with a random component. The random contribution to collisions is such that the usual collisional invariants of mass, momentum and energy do not hold pointwise, even if they all hold in the mean. Under this assumption it is shown that, while the Boltzmann equation has the usual conserved quantities, it possesses a steady state with power-like tails for certain random variables. A similar situation occurs in kinetic models of economy recently considered by two of the authors [24], which are conservative in the mean but possess a steady distribution with Pareto tails. The convolution-like gain operator is subsequently shown to have good contraction/expansion properties with respect to different metrics in the set of probability measures. Existence and regularity of isotropic stationary states is shown directly by constructing converging iteration sequences as done in [8]. Uniqueness, asymptotic stability and estimates of overpopulated high energy tails of the steady profile are derived from the basic property of contraction/expansion of metrics. For general initial conditions the solutions of the Boltzmann equation are then proved to converge with computable rate as t goes to infinity to the steady solution in these distances, which metricizes the weak convergence of measures. These results show that power-like tails in Maxwell models are obtained when the point-wise conservation of momentum and/or energy holds only globally.


Stanley Depth of Multigraded Modules

Abstract: The Stanley's Conjecture on Cohen-Macaulay multigraded modules is studied especially in dimension 2. In codimension 2 similar results were obtained by Herzog, Soleyman-Jahan and Yassemi. As a consequence of our results Stanley's Conjecture holds in 5 variables.


Operators with Corener-degenerate Symbols

Abstract: We establish elements of a new approch to ellipticity and parametrices within operator algebras on a manifold with higher singularities, only based on some general axiomatic requirements on parameter-dependent operators in suitable scales of spaces. The idea is to model an iterative process with new generations of parameter-dependent operator theories, together with new scales of spaces that satisfy analogous requirements as the original ones, now on a corresponding higher level. The "full" calculus is voluminous; so we content ourselves here with some typical aspects such as symbols in terms of order reducing families, classes of relevant examples, and operators near a corner point.


Premi\`ere valeur propre du laplacien, volume conforme et chirurgies

Abstract: We define a new differential invariant a compact manifold by $V_{\mathcal M}(M)=\inf_g V_c(M,[g])$, where $V_c(M,[g])$ is the conformal volume of $M$ for the conformal class $[g]$, and prove that it is uniformly bounded above. The main motivation is that this bound provides a upper bound of the Friedlander-Nadirashvili invariant defined by $\inf_g\sup_{\tilde g\in[g]}\lambda_1(M,\tilde g)\Vol(M,\tilde g)^{\frac 2n}$. The proof relies on the study of the behaviour of $V_{\mathcal M}(M)$ when one performs surgeries on $M$.


Embedding properties of endomorphism semigroups

Abstract: Denote by PSelf(X) (resp., Self(X)) the partial (resp., full) transformation monoid over a set X, and by Sub(V) (resp., End(V)) the collection of all subspaces (resp., endomorphisms) of a vector space V. We prove various results that imply the following: (1) If X has at least two elements, then Self(X) has a semigroup embedding into the dual of Self(Y) iff card(Y) >= 2^card(X). In particular, if X has at least two elements, then there exists no semigroup embedding from Self(X) into the dual of PSelf(X). (2) If V is infinite-dimensional, then there are no embedding from (Sub(V),+) into (Sub(V),\cap) and no semigroup embedding from End(V) into its dual. (3) Let F be an algebra freely generated by an infinite subset X. If F has less than 2^card(X) operations, then End(F) has no semigroup embedding into its dual. The cardinality bound 2^card(X) is optimal. (4) Let F be a free left module over a left aleph one - noetherian ring (i.e., a ring without strictly increasing chains, of length aleph one, of left ideals). Then End(F) has no semigroup embedding into its dual. (1) and (2) above solve questions proposed by B. M. Schein and G. M. Bergman. We also formalize our results in the settings of algebras endowed with a notion of independence (in particular independence algebras).


Equivalence relations for two variable real analytic function germs

Abstract: For two variable real analytic function germs we compare the blow-analytic equivalence in the sense of Kuo to the other natural equivalence relations. Our main theorem states that $C^1$ equivalent germs are blow-analytically equivalent. This gives a negative answer to a conjecture of Kuo. In the proof we show that the Puiseux pairs of real Newton-Puiseux roots are preserved by the $C^1$ equivalence of function germs. The proof is achieved, being based on a combinatorial characterisation of blow-analytic equivalence in terms of the real tree model. We also give several examples of bi-Lipschitz equivalent germs that are not blow-analytically equivalent.


Global and exponential attractors for the Penrose-Fife system

Abstract: The Penrose-Fife system for phase transitions is addressed. Dirichlet boundary conditions for the temperature are assumed. Existence of global and exponential attractors is proved. Differently from preceding contributions, here the energy balance equation is both singular at 0 and degenerate at infinity. For this reason, the dissipativity of the associated dynamical process is not trivial and has to be proved rather carefully.


Long time convergence for a class of variational phase field models

Abstract: In this paper we analyze a class of phase field models for the dynamics of phase transitions which extend the well-known Caginalp and Penrose-Fife models. Existence and uniqueness of the solution to the related initial boundary value problem are shown. Further regularity of the solution is deduced by exploiting the so-called regularizing effect. Then, the large time behavior of such a solution is studied and several convergence properties of the trajectory as time tends to infinity are discussed.


Regular sequences of symmetric polynomials

Abstract: Denote by p_k the k-th power sum symmetric polynomial n variables. The interpretation of the q-analogue of the binomial coefficient as Hilbert function leads us to discover that n consecutive power sums in n variables form a regular sequence. We consider then the following problem: describe the subsets n powersums forming a regular sequence. A necessary condition is that n! divides the product of the degrees of the elements. To find an easily verifiable sufficient condition turns out to be surprisingly difficult already in 3 variables. Given positive integers a<b<c with GCD(a,b,c)=1, we conjecture that p_a, p_b, p_c is a regular sequence for n=3 if and only if 6 divides abc. We provide evidence for the conjecture by proving it in several special instances.