Autobiographical Numbers

Abstract: I introduce autobiographical numbers as defined in A046043 (see Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences). I continue by defining and analyzing biographies, curricula vitae and complete life stories of numbers. I end with the definition of mutually-praising number pairs.


Generalized Fourier Integral Operators on spaces of Colombeau type

Abstract: Generalized Fourier integral operators (FIOs) acting on Colombeau algebras are defined. This is based on a theory of generalized oscillatory integrals (OIs) whose phase functions as well as amplitudes may be generalized functions of Colombeau type. The mapping properties of these FIOs are studied as the composition with a generalized pseudodifferential operator. Finally, the microlocal Colombeau regularity for OIs and the influence of the FIO action on generalized wave front sets are investigated. This theory of generalized FIOs is motivated by the need of a general framework for partial differential operators with non-smooth coefficients and distributional data.


Surprising properties of centralisers in classical Lie algebras

Abstract: Let $g$ be a classical Lie algebra, i.e., either $gl_n$, $sp_n$, or $so_n$ and let $e\in g$ be a nilpotent element. We study various properties of centralisers $g_e$. The first four sections deal with rather elementary questions, like the centre of $g_e$, commuting varieties associated with $g_e$, or centralisers of commuting pairs. The second half of the paper addresses problems related to different Poisson structures on $g_e^*$ and symmetric invariants of $g_e$.


Aspects of stable polynomials

Abstract: This note is an introduction to the properties of stable polynomials in several variables with real or complex coefficients. These polynomials are defined in terms of where the polynomial is non-vanishing. We do not cover well-known topics in one variable such as Routh-Hurwitz, the Edge theorem, and Kharitonov theory.


Wild twistor D-modules

Abstract: We propose a definition of (polarized) wild twistor D-modules, generalizing to objects with irregular singularities that of (polarized) regular twistor D-modules. We give a precise analysis in dimension one.


Nontrivial lower bounds for the least common multiple of some finite sequences of integers

Abstract: We present here a method which allows to derive a nontrivial lower bounds for the least common multiple of some finite sequences of integers. We obtain efficient lower bounds (which in a way are optimal) for the arithmetic progressions and lower bounds less efficient (but nontrivial) for quadratic sequences whose general term has the form $u_n = a n (n + t) + b$ with $(a, t, b) \in {\mathbb{Z}}^3, a \geq 5, t \geq 0, \rm{gcd}(a, b) = 1$. From this, we deduce for instance the lower bound: $\mathrm{lcm}\{1^2 + 1, 2^2 + 1, ..., n^2 + 1\} \geq 0,32 (1,442)^n$ (for all $n \geq 1$). In the last part of this article, we study the integer $\mathrm{lcm}(n, n + 1, ..., n + k)$ $(k \in \mathbb{N}, n \in {\mathbb{N}}^*)$. We show that it has a divisor $d_{n, k}$ simple in its dependence on $n$ and $k$, and a multiple $m_{n, k}$ also simple in its dependence on $n$. In addition, we prove that both equalities: $\mathrm{lcm}(n, n + 1, ..., n + k) = d_{n, k}$ and $\mathrm{lcm}(n, n + 1, ..., n + k) = m_{n, k}$ hold for an infinitely many pairs $(n, k)$.


Hodge correlators

Abstract: Hodge correlators are complex numbers given by certain integrals assigned to a smooth complex curve. We show that they are correlators of a Feynman integral, and describe the real mixed Hodge structure on the pronilpotent completion of the fundamental group of the curve. We introduce motivic correlators, which are elements of the motivic Lie algebra and whose periods are the Hodge correlators. They describe the motivic fundamental group of the curve. We describe variations of real mixed Hodge structures on a variety by certain connections on the product of the variety by an afine line. We call them twistor connections. Generalising this, we suggest a DG enhancement of the subcategory of Saito's Hodge complexes with smooth cohomology. We show that when the curve varies, the Hodge correlators are the coefficients of the twistor connection describing the corresponding variation of real MHS. Examples of the Hodge correlators include classical and elliptic polylogarithms, and their generalizations. The simplest Hodge correlators on the modular curves are the Rankin-Selberg integrals. Examples of the motivic correlators include Beilinson's elements in the motivic cohomology, e.g. the ones delivering the Beilinson - Kato Euler system on modular curves.


Spectral measures on toric varieties and the asymptotic expansion of Tian-Yau-Zelditch

Abstract: We extend a recent result of Burns, Guillemin and Uribe on the asymptotics of the spectral measure for the reduction metric on a toric variety to any toric metric on a toric variety. We show how this extended result together with the Tian-Yau-Zelditch asymptotic expansion can be used to deduce Abreu's formula for the scalar curvature of a toric metric on a toric variety in terms of polytope data.


Counting Defective Parking Functions

Abstract: Suppose that $n$ drivers each choose a preferred parking space in a linear car park with $m$ spaces. Each driver goes to the chosen space and parks there if it is free, and otherwise takes the first available space with larger number (if any). If all drivers park successfully, the sequence of choices is called a parking function. In general, if $k$ drivers fail to park, we have a \emph{defective parking function} of \emph{defect} $k$. Let $\cp(n,m,k)$ be the number of such functions. In this paper, we establish a recurrence relation for the numbers $\cp(n,m,k)$, and express this as an equation for a three-variable generating function. We solve this equation using the kernel method, and extract the coefficients explicitly: it turns out that the cumulative totals are partial sums in Abel's binomial identity. Finally, we compute the asymptotics of $\cp(n,m,k)$. In particular, for the case $m=n$, if choices are made independently at random, the limiting distribution of the defect (the number of drivers who fail to park), scaled by the square root of $n$, is the Rayleigh distribution. On the other hand, in case $m=\omega(n)$, the probability that all spaces are occupied tends asymptotically to one.


Remarks on the faithfulness of the Jones representations

Abstract: We consider the linear representations of the mapping class group of an n-punctured 2-sphere constructed by V. F. R. Jones using Iwahori-Hecke algebras of type A. We show that their faithfulness is equivalent to that of certain related Iwahori-Hecke algebra representation of Artin's braid group of n-1 strands. In the case of n=6, we provide a further restriction for the kernel using our previous result, as well as a certain relation to the Burau representation of degree 4.


A class of variational functionals in conformal geometry

Abstract: We derive a class of variational functionals which arise naturally in conformal geometry. In the special case when the Riemannian manifold is locally conformal flat, the functional coincides with the well studied functional which is the integration over the manifold of the k-symmetric function of the Schouten tensor of the metric on the manifold.


The \bar{\partial}_b Neumann problem on noncharacteristic domains

Abstract: We study the $\bar{\partial}_b$-Neumann problem for domains $\Omega$ contained in a strictly pseudoconvex manifold M^{2n+1} whose boundaries are noncharacteristic and have defining functions depending solely on the real and imaginary parts of a single CR function w. When the Kohn Laplacian is a priori known to have closed range in L^2, we prove sharp regularity and estimates for solutions. We establish a condition on the boundary which is sufficient for the Kohn Laplacian to be Fredholm on $L^2_{(0,q)}(\Omega)$ and show that this condition always holds when M is embedded as a hypersurface in C^{n+1}. We present examples where the inhomogeneous $\bar{\partial}_b$ equation can always be solved smoothly up to the boundary on (p,q)-forms with 0<q<n-1.


Hilbert schemes of 8 points

Abstract: The Hilbert scheme H^d_n of n points in A^d contains an irreducible component R^d_n which generically represents n distinct points in A^d. We show that when n is at most 8, the Hilbert scheme H^d_n is reducible if and only if n = 8 and d >= 4. In the simplest case of reducibility, the component R^4_8 \subset H^4_8 is defined by a single explicit equation which serves as a criterion for deciding whether a given ideal is a limit of distinct points. To understand the components of the Hilbert scheme, we study the closed subschemes of H_n^d which parametrize those ideals which are homogeneous and have a fixed Hilbert function. These subschemes are a special case of multigraded Hilbert schemes, and we describe their components when the colength is at most 8. In particular, we show that the scheme corresponding to the Hilbert function (1,3,2,1) is the minimal reducible example.


Cox rings of degree one del Pezzo surfaces

Abstract: Let X be a del Pezzo surface of degree one over an algebraically closed field (of any characteristic), and let Cox(X) be its total coordinate ring. We prove the missing case of a conjecture of Batyrev and Popov, which states that Cox(X) is a quadratic algebra. We use a complex of vector spaces whose homology determines part of the structure of the minimal free Pic(X)-graded resolution of Cox(X) over a polynomial ring. We show that sufficiently many Betti numbers of this minimal free resolution vanish to establish the conjecture.


The uniform Korn - Poincar\'e inequality in thin domains

Abstract: We study the Korn-Poincar\'e inequality: \|u\|_{W^{1,2}(S^h)} < C_h \|D(u)\|_{L^2(S^h)}, in domains S^h that are shells of small thickness of order h, around an arbitrary smooth and closed hypersurface S in R^n. By D(u) we denote the symmetric part of the gradient \nabla u, and we assume the tangential boundary conditions: u\vec n^h = 0 on \partial S^h. We prove that C_h remains uniformly bounded as h tends to 0, for vector fields u in any family of cones (with angle <\pi/2, uniform in h) around the orthogonal complement of extensions of Killing vector fields on S. We also show that this condition is optimal, as in turn every Killing field admits a family of extensions u^h, for which the ratio: \|u^h\|_{W^{1,2}(S^h)} / \|D(u^h)\|_{L^2(S^h)} blows up as h tends to 0, even if the domains S^h are not rotationally symmetric.


Maximaland Primitive Elements in Baby Verma Modules for Type $B_2$

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to find maximal and primitive elements of baby Verma modules for a quantum group of type $B_2$. As a consequence the composition factors of the baby Verma modules are determined. Similar approach can be used to find find maximal and primitive elements of Weyl modules for type $B_2$.


Convergence of adaptive finite element methods for eigenvalue problems

Abstract: In this article we prove convergence of adaptive finite element methods for second order elliptic eigenvalue problems. We consider Lagrange finite elements of any degree and prove convergence for simple as well as multiple eigenvalues under a minimal refinement of marked elements, for all reasonable marking strategies, and starting from any initial triangulation.


A coarse classification of countable abelian groups

Abstract: We classify up to coarse equivalence all countable abelian groups of finite torsion free rank. The Q-cohomological dimension and the torsion free rank are the two invariants that give us such classification. We also prove that any countable abelian group of finite torsion free rank is coarsely equivalent to Z^n + H where H is a direct sum (possibly infinite) of cyclic groups. A partial generalization to countable abelian groups of the Gromov rigidity theorem for abelian groups is shown.


Some results on cosymplectic manifolds

Abstract: We obtain a generalization of the Kodaira-Morrow stability theorem for cosymplectic structures. We investigate cosymplectic geometry on Lie groups and on their compact quotients by uniform discrete subgroups. In this way we show that a compact solvmanifold admits a cosymplectic structure if and only if it is a finite quotient of a torus.


Contact homology of left-handed stabilizations and plumbing of open books

Abstract: We show that on any closed contact manifold of dimension greater than 1 a contact structure with vanishing contact homology can be constructed. The basic idea for the construction comes from Giroux. We use a special open book decomposition for spheres. The page is the cotangent bundle of a sphere and the monodromy is given by a left-handed Dehn twist. In the resulting contact manifold we exhibit a closed Reeb orbit that bounds a single finite energy plane. As a result, the unit element of the contact homology algebra is exact and so the contact homology vanishes. This result can be extended to other contact manifolds by using connected sums. The latter is related to the plumbing- or 2-Murasugi sum of the contact open books. We shall give a possible description of this construction and some conjectures about the plumbing operation.


Multiscale Inference for High-Frequency Data

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel multiscale estimator for the integrated volatility of an Ito process, in the presence of market microstructure noise (observation error). The multiscale structure of the observed process is represented frequency-by-frequency and the concept of the multiscale ratio is introduced to quantify the bias in the realized integrated volatility due to the observation error. The multiscale ratio is estimated from a single sample path, and a frequency-by-frequency bias correction procedure is proposed, which simultaneously reduces variance. We extend the method to include correlated observation errors and provide the implied time domain form of the estimation procedure. The new method is implemented to estimate the integrated volatility for the Heston and other models, and the improved performance of our method over existing methods is illustrated by simulation studies.


Asymptotic behaviour of a rapidly rotating fluid with random stationary surface stress

Abstract: The goal of this paper is to describe in mathematical terms the effect on the ocean circulation of a random stationary wind stress at the surface of the ocean. In order to avoid singular behaviour, non-resonance hypotheses are introduced, which ensure that the time frequencies of the wind-stress are different from that of the Earth rotation. We prove a convergence result for a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes-Coriolis system in a bounded domain, in the asymptotic of fast rotation and vanishing vertical viscosity, and we exhibit some random and stationary boundary layer profiles. At last, an average equation is derived for the limit system in the case of the non-resonant torus.


Semicosimplicial DGLAs in deformation theory

Abstract: We identify Cech cocycles in nonabelian (formal) group cohomology with Maurer-Cartan elements in a suitable L-infinity algebra. Applications to deformation theory are described.


Bijective counting of plane bipolar orientations and Schnyder woods

Abstract: A bijection $\Phi$ is presented between plane bipolar orientations with prescribed numbers of vertices and faces, and non-intersecting triples of upright lattice paths with prescribed extremities. This yields a combinatorial proof of the following formula due to R. Baxter for the number $\Theta_{ij}$ of plane bipolar orientations with $i$ non-polar vertices and $j$ inner faces: $\Theta_{ij}=2\frac{(i+j)!(i+j+1)!(i+j+2)!}{i!(i+1)!(i+2)!j!(j+1)!(j+2)!}$. In addition, it is shown that $\Phi$ specializes into the bijection of Bernardi and Bonichon between Schnyder woods and non-crossing pairs of Dyck words.


A note on sensitivity of principal component subspaces and the efficient detection of influential observations in high dimensions

Abstract: In this paper we introduce an influence measure based on second order expansion of the RV and GCD measures for the comparison between unperturbed and perturbed eigenvectors of a symmetric matrix estimator. Example estimators are considered to highlight how this measure compliments recent influence analysis. Importantly, we also show how a sample based version of this measure can be used to accurately and efficiently detect influential observations in practice.


Hyperbolic mean curvature flow: Evolution of plane curves

Abstract: In this paper we investigate the one-dimensional hyperbolic mean curvature flow for closed plane curves. We show that there exists a class of initial velocities such that the solution of the corresponding initial value problem exists only at a finite time interval $[0,T_{\max})$ and when $t$ goes to $T_{\max}$, the solution converges to a point. We also discuss the close relationship between the hyperbolic mean curvature flow and the equations for the evolving relativistic string in the Minkowski space-time $\mathbb{R}^{1,1}$.


New Semifield Planes of order 81

Abstract: A finite semifield is a finite nonassociative ring with identity such that the set of its nonzero elements is closed under the product. From any finite semifield a projective plane can be constructed. In this paper we obtain new semifield planes of orders 81 by means of computational methods. These computer-assisted results yield to a complete classification (up to isotopy) of 81-element finite semifields.


The Mahler measure and the L-series of a singular K3-surface

Abstract: We present the first example of a polynomial defining a singular K3-surface whose Mahler measure is expressed in terms of the Mahler measure of the faces of its Newton polyhedron and the L-series of the K3-surface.


A series whose sum range is an arbitrary finite set

Abstract: In finitely-dimensional spaces the sum range of a series has to be an affine subspace. It is long known this is not the case in infinitely dimensional Banach spaces. In particular in 1984 M.I. Kadets and K. Wo\`{z}niakowski obtained an example of a series the sum range of which consisted of two points, and asked whether it is possible to obtain more than two, but finitely many points. This paper answers the question positively, by showing how to obtain an arbitrary finite set as the sum range of a series in any infinitely dimensional Banach space.


A Conjecture about the Density of Prime Numbers

Abstract: We present in this work a heuristic expression for the density of prime numbers. Our expression leads to results which possesses approximately the same precision of the Riemann's function in the domain that goes from 2 to 1010 at least. Instead of using a constant as was done by Legendre and others in the formula of Gauss, we try to adjust the data through a function. This function has the remarkable property: its points of discontinuity are the prime numbers.


Combinatorial Koszul Homology: Computations and Applications

Abstract: With a particular focus on explicit computations and applications of the Koszul homology and Betti numbers of monomial ideals, the main goals of this thesis are the following: Analyze the Koszul homology of monomial ideals and apply it to describe the structure of monomial ideals. Describe algorithms to perform efficient computations of the homological invariants of monomial ideals. Apply the theory and computations on monomial ideals to problems inside and outside mathematics The thesis introduces as a main tool Mayer-Vietoris trees of monomial ideals.


Curvature of a class of indefinite globally framed $f$-manifolds

Abstract: We present a compared analysis of some properties of indefinite almost $\mathcal{S}$-manifolds and indefinite $\mathcal{S}$-manifolds. We give some characterizations in terms of the Levi-Civita connection and of the characteristic vector fields. We study the sectional and ${\phi}$-sectional curvature of indefinite almost $\mathcal{S}$-manifolds and state an expression of the curvature tensor field for the indefinite $\mathcal{S}$-space forms. We analyse the sectional curvature of indefinite $\mathcal{S}$-manifold in which the number of the spacelike characteristic vector fields is equal to that of the timelike characteristic vector fields. Some examples are also described.


The square negative correlation property for generalized Orlicz balls

Abstract: Antilla, Ball and Perissinaki proved that the squares of coordinate functions in $\ell_p^n$ are negatively correlated. This paper extends their results to balls in generalized Orlicz norms on R^n. From this, the concentration of the Euclidean norm and a form of the Central Limit Theorem for the generalized Orlicz balls is deduced. Also, a counterexample for the square negative correlation hypothesis for 1-symmetric bodies is given. Currently the CLT is known in full generality for convex bodies (see the paper "Power-law estimates for the central limit theorem for convex sets" by B. Klartag), while for generalized Orlicz balls a much more general result is true (see "The negative association property for the absolute values of random variables equidistributed on a generalized Orlicz ball" by M. Pilipczuk and J. O. Wojtaszczyk). While, however, both aforementioned papers are rather long, complicated and technical, this paper gives a simple and elementary proof of, eg., the Euclidean concentration for generalized Orlicz balls.


The negative association property for the absolute values of random variables equidistributed on a generalized Orlicz ball

Abstract: Random variables equidistributed on convex bodies have received quite a lot of attention in the last few years. In this paper we prove the negative association property (which generalizes the subindependence of coordinate slabs) for generalized Orlicz balls. This allows us to give a strong concentration property, along with a few moment comparison inequalities. Also, the theory of negatively associated variables is being developed in its own right, which allows us to hope more results will be available. Moreover, a simpler proof of a more general result for $\ell_p^n$ balls is given.


On finiteness of odd superperfect numbers

Abstract: Some new results concerning the equation $\sigma(N)=aM, \sigma(M)=bN$ are proved. As a corollary, there are only finitely many odd superperfect numbers with a fixed number of distinct prime factors.


Multivariate integration in C^\infty([0,1]^d) is not strongly tractable

Abstract: It has long been known that the multivariate integration problem for the unit ball in $C^r([0,1]^d)$ is intractable for fixed finite $r$. H. Wo\'zniakowski has recently conjectured that this is true even if $r=\infty$. This paper establishes a partial result in this direction. We prove that the multivariate integration problem, for infinitely differential functions all of whose variables are bounded by one, is not strongly tractable.


Individual Risk and Lebesgue Extension without Aggregate Uncertainty

Abstract: Many economic models include random shocks imposed on a large number (continuum) of economic agents with individual risk. In this context, an exact law of large numbers and its converse is presented in Sun (2006) to characterize the cancelation of individual risk via aggregation. However, it is well known that the Lebesgue unit interval is not suitable for modeling a continuum of agents in the particular setting. The purpose of this paper is to show that an extension of the Lebesgue unit interval does work well as an agent space with various desirable properties associated with individual risk.


Vertex degrees of Steiner Minimal Trees in $\ell_p^d$ and other smooth Minkowski spaces

Abstract: We find upper bounds for the degrees of vertices and Steiner points in Steiner Minimal Trees in the d-dimensional Banach spaces \ell_p^d independent of d. This is in contrast to Minimal Spanning Trees, where the maximum degree of vertices grows exponentially in d (Robins and Salowe, 1995). Our upper bounds follow from characterizations of singularities of SMT's due to Lawlor and Morgan (1994), which we extend, and certain \ell_p-inequalities. We derive a general upper bound of d+1 for the degree of vertices of an SMT in an arbitrary smooth d-dimensional Banach space; the same upper bound for Steiner points having been found by Lawlor and Morgan. We obtain a second upper bound for the degrees of vertices in terms of 1-summing norms.


On the characterization of Hilbertian fields

Abstract: The main goal of this work is to answer a question of P. D`ebes and D. Haran by relaxing the condition for Hilbertianity. Namely we prove that for a field K to be Hilbertian it suffices that K has the irreducible specialization property merely for absolutely irreducible polynomials.


Stein's method and exact Berry--Esseen asymptotics for functionals of Gaussian fields

Abstract: We show how to detect optimal Berry--Esseen bounds in the normal approximation of functionals of Gaussian fields. Our techniques are based on a combination of Malliavin calculus, Stein's method and the method of moments and cumulants, and provide de facto local (one-term) Edgeworth expansions. The findings of the present paper represent a further refinement of the main results proven in Nourdin and Peccati [Probab. Theory Related Fields 145 (2009) 75--118]. Among several examples, we discuss three crucial applications: (i) to Toeplitz quadratic functionals of continuous-time stationary processes (extending results by Ginovyan [Probab. Theory Related Fields 100 (1994) 395--406] and Ginovyan and Sahakyan [Probab. Theory Related Fields 138 (2007) 551--579]); (ii) to ``exploding'' quadratic functionals of a Brownian sheet; and (iii) to a continuous-time version of the Breuer--Major CLT for functionals of a fractional Brownian motion.


Balancing unit vectors

Abstract: Theorem A. Let $x_1,...,x_{2k+1}$ be unit vectors in a normed plane. Then there exist signs $\epsi_1,...,\epsi_{2k+1}\in\{\pm 1\}$ such that $\norm{\sum_{i=1}^{2k+1}\epsi_i x_i}\leq 1$. We use the method of proof of the above theorem to show the following point facility location result, generalizing Proposition 6.4 of Y. S. Kupitz and H. Martini (1997). Theorem B. Let $p_0,p_1,...,p_n$ be distinct points in a normed plane such that for any $1\leq i<j\leq n$ the closed angle $\angle p_ip_0p_j$ contains a ray opposite some $\overrightarrow{p_0p_k}, 1\leq k\leq n$. Then $p_0$ is a Fermat-Toricelli point of $\{p_0,p_1,...,p_n\}$, i.e. $x=p_0$ minimizes $\sum_{i=0}^n\norm{x-p_i}$. We also prove the following dynamic version of Theorem A. Theorem C. Let $x_1,x_2,...$ be a sequence of unit vectors in a normed plane. Then there exist signs $\epsi_1,\epsi_2,...\in\{\pm 1\}$ such that $\norm{\sum_{i=1}^{2k}\epsi_i x_i}\leq 2$ for all $k\in\N$. Finally we discuss a variation of a two-player balancing game of J. Spencer (1977) related to Theorem C.


The finiteness dimension of local cohomology modules and its dual notion

Abstract: Let \fa be an ideal of a commutative Noetherian ring R and M a finitely generated R-module. We explore the behavior of the two notions f_{\fa}(M), the finiteness dimension of M with respect to \fa, and, its dual notion q_{\fa}(M), the Artinianess dimension of M with respect to \fa. When (R,\fm) is local and r:=f_{\fa}(M) is less than f_{\fa}^{\fm}(M), the \fm-finiteness dimension of M relative to \fa, we prove that H^r_{\fa}(M) is not Artinian, and so the filter depth of \fa on M doesn't exceeds f_{\fa}(M). Also, we show that if M has finite dimension and H^i_{\fa}(M) is Artinian for all i>t, where t is a given positive integer, then H^t_{\fa}(M)/\fa H^t_{\fa}(M) is Artinian. It immediately implies that if q:=q_{\fa}(M)>0, then H^q_{\fa}(M) is not finitely generated, and so f_{\fa}(M)\leq q_{\fa}(M).


Semigroup cohomology and applications

Abstract: This article is a survey of the author's research. It consists of three sections concerned three kinds of cohomologies of semigroups. Section 1 considers `classic' cohomology as it was introduced by Eilenberg and MacLane. Here the attention is concentrated mainly on semigroups having cohomological dimension 1. In Section 2 a generalization of the Eilenberg-MacLane cohomology is introduced, the so-called 0-cohomology, which appears in applied topics (projective representations of semigroups, Brauer monoids). At last Section 3 is devoted to further generalizing: partial cohomology defined and discussed in it are used then for calculation of the classic cohomology for some semigroups.


Using the smoothness of p-1 for computing roots modulo p

Abstract: We prove, without recourse to the Extended Riemann Hypothesis, that the projection modulo $p$ of any prefixed polynomial with integer coefficients can be completely factored in deterministic polynomial time if $p-1$ has a $(\ln p)^{O(1)}$-smooth divisor exceeding $(p-1)^{{1/2}+\delta}$ for some arbitrary small $\delta$. We also address the issue of computing roots modulo $p$ in deterministic time.


On decomposition of commutative Moufang groupoids

Abstract: We prove that every commutative Moufang groupoid is a semilattice of Archimedean subgroupoids.


Minimal Niven numbers

Abstract: Define a(k,q) to be the smallest positive multiple of k such that the sum of its digits in base q is equal to k. The asymptotic behavior, lower and upper bound estimates of a(k,q) are investigated. A characterization of the minimality condition is also considered.


$t$-periodic light rays in conformally stationary spacetimes via Finsler geometry

Abstract: In this paper we prove several multiplicity results of $t$-periodic light rays in conformally stationary spacetimes using the Fermat metric and the extensions of the classical theorems of Gromoll-Meyer and Bangert-Hingston to Finsler manifolds. Moreover, we exhibit some stationary spacetimes with a finite number of $t$-periodic light rays and compute a lower bound for the period of the light rays when the flag curvature of the Fermat metric is $\eta$-pinched.


Towards Theory of Piecewise Linear Dynamical Systems

Abstract: In this paper, we consider a planar dynamical system with a piecewise linear function containing an arbitrary number (but finite) of dropping sections and approximating some continuous nonlinear function. Studying all possible local and global bifurcations of its limit cycles, we prove that such a piecewise linear dynamical system with $k$ dropping sections and $2k+1$ singular points can have at most $k+2$ limit cycles, $k+1$ of which surround the foci one by one and the last, $(k+2)$-th, limit cycle surrounds all of the singular points of this system.


Bruhat-Chevalley order on the rook monoid

Abstract: The rook monoid $R_n$ is the finite monoid whose elements are the 0-1 matrices with at most one nonzero entry in each row and column. The group of invertible elements of $R_n$ is isomorphic to the symmetric group $S_n$. The natural extension to $R_n$ of the Bruhat-Chevalley ordering on the symmetric group is defined in \cite{Renner86}. In this paper, we find an efficient, combinatorial description of the Bruhat-Chevalley ordering on $R_n$. We also give a useful, combinatorial formula for the length function on $R_n$.


Injective Simplicial Maps of the Arc Complex on Nonorientable Surfaces

Abstract: We prove that each injective simplicial map from the arc complex of a compact, connected, nonorientable surface with nonempty boundary to itself is induced by a homeomorphism of the surface. We also prove that the automorphism group of the arc complex is isomorphic to the quotient of the mapping class group of the surface by its center.


Abelian Hurwitz-Hodge integrals

Abstract: Hodge classes on the moduli space of admissible covers with monodromy group G are associated to irreducible representations of G. We evaluate all linear Hodge integrals over moduli spaces of admissible covers with abelian monodromy in terms of multiplication in an associated wreath group algebra. In case G is cyclic and the representation is faithful, the evaluation is in terms of double Hurwitz numbers. In case G is trivial, the formula specializes to the well-known result of Ekedahl-Lando-Shapiro-Vainshtein for linear Hodge integrals over the moduli space of curves in terms of single Hurwitz numbers.


Ozsvath-Szabo and Rasmussen invariants of cable knots

Abstract: We study the behavior of the Ozsvath-Szabo and Rasmussen knot concordance invariants tau and s on K(m,n), the (m,n)-cable of a knot K where m and n are relatively prime. We show that for every knot K and for any fixed positive integer m, both of the invariants evaluated on K(m,n) differ from their value on the torus knot T(m,n) by a fixed constant for all but finitely many n>0. Combining this result together with Hedden's extensive work on the behavior of tau on (m,mr+1)-cables yields bounds on the value of tau on any (m,n)-cable of K. In addition, several of Hedden's obstructions for cables bounding complex curves are extended.


Normal scalar curvature conjecture and its applications

Abstract: In this paper, we proved the Normal Scalar Curvature Conjecture and the Bottcher-Wenzel Conjecture. We also established some new pinching theorems for minimal submanifolds in spheres.


Discrete Fourier analysis on a dodecahedron and a tetrahedron

Abstract: A discrete Fourier analysis on the dodecahedron is studied, from which results on a tetrahedron is deduced by invariance. The results include Fourier analysis in trigonometric functions, interpolation and cubature formulas on these domains. In particular, a trigonometric Lagrange interpolation on the tetrahedron is shown to satisfy an explicit compact formula and the Lebesgue constant of the interpolation is shown to be in the order of $(\log n)^3$.


On a class of hypoelliptic operators with unbounded coefficients in ${\matbb R}^N$

Abstract: We consider a class of non-trivial perturbations ${\mathscr A}$ of the degenerate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator in ${\mathbb R}^N$. In fact we perturb both the diffusion and the drift part of the operator (say $Q$ and $B$) allowing the diffusion part to be unbounded in ${\mathbb R}^N$. Assuming that the kernel of the matrix $Q(x)$ is invariant with respect to $x\in {\mathbb R}^N$ and the Kalman rank condition is satisfied at any $x\in{\mathbb R}^N$ by the same $m<N$, and developing a revised version of Bernstein's method we prove that we can associate a semigroup $\{T(t)\}$ of bounded operators (in the space of bounded and continuous functions) with the operator ${\mathscr A}$. Moreover, we provide several uniform estimates for the spatial derivatives of the semigroup $\{T(t)\}$ both in isotropic and anisotropic spaces of (H\"older-) continuous functions. Finally, we prove Schauder estimates for some elliptic and parabolic problems associated with the operator ${\mathscr A}$.


Spectral stability of weak relaxation shock profiles

Abstract: Using a combination of Kawashima- and Goodman-type energy estimates, we establish spectral stability of general small-amplitude relaxation shocks of symmetric dissipative systems. This extends previous results obtained by Plaza and Zumbrun by singular perturbation techniques under an additional technical assumption, namely, that the background equation be noncharacteristic with respect to the shock.


Average performance of the sparsest approximation using a general dictionary

Abstract: We consider the minimization of the number of non-zero coefficients (the $\ell_0$ "norm") of the representation of a data set in terms of a dictionary under a fidelity constraint. (Both the dictionary and the norm defining the constraint are arbitrary.) This (nonconvex) optimization problem naturally leads to the sparsest representations, compared with other functionals instead of the $\ell_0$ "norm". Our goal is to measure the sets of data yielding a $K$-sparse solution--i.e. involving $K$ non-zero components. Data are assumed uniformly distributed on a domain defined by any norm--to be chosen by the user. A precise description of these sets of data is given and relevant bounds on the Lebesgue measure of these sets are derived. They naturally lead to bound the probability of getting a $K$-sparse solution. We also express the expectation of the number of non-zero components. We further specify these results in the case of the Euclidean norm, the dictionary being arbitrary.


An EM algorithm for estimation in the Mixture Transition Distribution model

Abstract: The Mixture Transition Distribution (MTD) model was introduced by Raftery to face the need for parsimony in the modeling of high-order Markov chains in discrete time. The particularity of this model comes from the fact that the effect of each lag upon the present is considered separately and additively, so that the number of parameters required is drastically reduced. However, the efficiency for the MTD parameter estimations proposed up to date still remains problematic on account of the large number of constraints on the parameters. In this paper, an iterative procedure, commonly known as Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, is developed cooperating with the principle of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) to estimate the MTD parameters. Some applications of modeling MTD show the proposed EM algorithm is easier to be used than the algorithm developed by Berchtold. Moreover, the EM Estimations of parameters for high-order MTD models led on DNA sequences outperform the corresponding fully parametrized Markov chain in terms of Bayesian Information Criterion. A software implementation of our algorithm is available in the library seq++ at http://stat.genopole.cnrs.fr/seqpp


Formulas for primitive Idempotents in Frobenius Algebras and an Application to Decomposition maps

Abstract: In the first part of this paper we present explicit formulas for primitive idempotents in arbitrary Frobenius algebras using the entries of representing matrices coming from projective indecomposable modules with respect to a certain choice of basis. The proofs use a generalisation of the well known Frobenius-Schur relations for semisimple algebras. The second part of this paper considers $\Oh$-free $\Oh$-algebras of finite $\Oh$-rank over a discrete valuation ring $\Oh$ and their decomposition maps under modular reduction modulo the maximal ideal of $\Oh$, thereby studying the modular representation theory of such algebras. Using the formulas from the first part we derive general criteria for such a decomposition map to be an isomorphism that preserves the classes of simple modules involving explicitly known matrix representations on projective indecomposable modules. Finally we show how this approach could eventually be used to attack a conjecture by Gordon James in the formulation of Meinolf Geck for Iwahori-Hecke-Algebras, provided the necessary matrix representations on projective indecomposable modules could be constructed explicitly.


A note on the Cops & Robber game on graphs embedded in non-orientable surfaces

Abstract: The Cops and Robber game is played on undirected finite graphs. A number of cops and one robber are positioned on vertices and take turns in sliding along edges. The cops win if they can catch the robber. The minimum number of cops needed to win on a graph is called its cop number. It is known that the cop number of a graph embedded on a surface $X$ of genus $g$ is at most $3g/2 + 3$, if $X$ is orientable (Schroeder 2004), and at most $2g+1$, otherwise (Nowakowski & Schroeder 1997). We improve the bounds for non-orientable surfaces by reduction to the orientable case using covering spaces. As corollaries, using Schroeder's results, we obtain the following: the maximum cop number of graphs embeddable in the projective plane is 3; the cop number of graphs embeddable in the Klein Bottle is at most 4, and an upper bound is $3g/2 + 3/2$ for all other $g$.


The abelianization of the level L mapping class group

Abstract: We calculate the abelianizations of the level $L$ subgroup of the genus $g$ mapping class group and the level $L$ congruence subgroup of the $2g \times 2g$ symplectic group for $L$ odd and $g \geq 3$.


Rough evolution equations

Abstract: We generalize Lyons' rough paths theory in order to give a pathwise meaning to some nonlinear infinite-dimensional evolution equation associated to an analytic semigroup and driven by an irregular noise. As an illustration, we discuss a class of linear and nonlinear 1d SPDEs driven by a space--time Gaussian noise with singular space covariance and Brownian time dependence.


n-ary associative algebras, cohomology, free algebras and coalgebras

Abstract: When $n$ is odd, a cohomology of type Hochschild for $n$-ary partially associative algebras has been defined in Gnedbaye's thesis. Unfortunately, the cohomology definition is not valid when $n$ is even. This fact is found again in the computations of the $n$-ary partially associative free algebra. In this work, we define in a first time two approachs of an Hochschild cohomology for $n$-ary partially associative algebras. First by reducing the space of cochains, secondly by using a graded version. Next we compute the free $n$-ary algebra, giving a basis of this algebra. At last we extend the notion of coalgebras to $n$-ary algebras.


Inverse eigenvalue problems for Sturm-Liouville equations with spectral parameter linearly contained in one of the boundary conditions

Abstract: Inverse problems of recovering the coefficients of Sturm-Liouville problems with the eigenvalue parameter linearly contained in one of the boundary conditions are studied: (1) from the sequences of eigenvalues and norming constants; (2) from two spectra. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of these inverse problems are obtained.


Almost-rainbow edge-colorings of some small subgraphs

Abstract: Let $f(n,p,q)$ be the minimum number of colors necessary to color the edges of $K_n$ so that every $K_p$ is at least $q$-colored. We improve current bounds on the {7/4}n-3$, slightly improving the bound of Axenovich. We make small improvements on bounds of Erd\H os and Gy\'arf\'as by showing ${5/6}n+1\leq f(n,4,5)$ and for all even $n\not\equiv 1 \pmod 3$, $f(n,4,5)\leq n-1$ . For a complete bipartite graph $G=K_{n,n}$, we show an n-color construction to color the edges of $G$ so that every $C_4\subseteq G$ is colored by at least three colors. This improves the best known upper bound of M. Axenovich, Z. F\"uredi, and D. Mubayi.


The implicitization problem for $\phi: P^n --> (P^1)^{n+1}$

Abstract: We develop in this paper some methods for studying the implicitization problem for a rational map $\phi: \mathbb{P}^n \to (\mathbb{P}^1)^{n+1}$ defining a hypersurface in $(\mathbb{P}^1)^{n+1}$, based on computing the determinant of a graded strand of a Koszul complex. We show that the classical study of Macaulay Resultants and Koszul complexes coincides, in this case, with the approach of approximation complexes and we study and give a geometric interpretation for the acyclicity conditions. Under suitable hypotheses, these techniques enable us to obtain the implicit equation, up to a power, and up to some other extra factor. We give algebraic and geometric conditions for determining when the computed equation defines the scheme theoretic image of $\phi$, and, what are the extra varieties that appear. We also give some applications to the problem of computing sparse discriminants.


Projections of a learning space

Abstract: Any subset Q' of the domain Q of a learning space defines a projection of that learning space on Q' which is itself a learning space consistent with the original one. Moreover, such a construction defines a partition of Q having each of its classes defining a learning space also consistent with the original learning space. We give a direct proof of these facts which are instrumental in parsing large learning spaces.


On mirabolic D-modules

Abstract: Let an algebraic group G act on X, a connected algebraic manifold, with finitely many orbits. For any Harish-Chandra pair (D,G) where D is a sheaf of twisted differential operators on X, we form a left ideal D.g in D generated by the Lie algebra g, of G. Then, D/D.g is a holonomic D-module and its restriction to a unique Zariski open dense G-orbit in X is a G-equivariant local system. We prove a criterion saying that the D-module D/D.g is isomorphic, under certain (quite restrictive) conditions, to a direct image of that local system to X. We apply this criterion in the special case where the group G=SL(n) acts diagonally on X = F \times F \times P^{n-1}, a triple product where F is the flag manifold for SL(n) and P^{n-1} is the projective space. We further relate D-modules on F \times F \times P^{n-1} to D-modules on the space SL(n) \times P^{n-1} via a pair, CH, HC, of adjoint functors, analogous to those used in Lusztig's theory of character sheaves. A second important result of the paper provides an explicit description of these functors showing that the functor HC gives an exact functor on the abelian category of mirabolic D-modules.


Homotopy theory of the master equation package applied to algebra and geometry: a sketch of two interlocking programs

Abstract: We interpret mathematically the pair (master equation, solution of master equation) up to equivalence, as the pair (a presentation of a free triangular dga T over a combination operad O, dga map of T into C, a dga over O) up to homotopy equivalence of dgOa maps, see Definition 1. We sketch two general applications: I to the theory of the definition and homotopy theory of infinity versions of general algebraic structures including noncompact frobenius algebras and Lie bialgebras. Here the target C would be the total Hom complex between various tensor products of another chain complex B, C = HomB, O describes combinations of operations like composition and tensor product sufficient to describe the algebraic structure and one says that B has the algebraic structure in question. II to geometric systems of moduli spaces up to deformation like the moduli of J holomorphic curves. Here C is some geometric chain complex containing the fundamental classes of the moduli spaces of the geometric problem. We also discuss analogues of homotopy groups and Postnikov systems for maps and impediments to using them related to linear terms in the master equation called anomalies.


A non-Archimedean analogue of the Hodge-D-conjecture for products of elliptic curves

Abstract: In this paper we show that the map % $$\partial:CH^2(E_1 \times E_2,1)\otimes \Q \longrightarrow PCH^1(\XX_v)$$ % is surjective, where $E_1$ and $E_2$ are two non-isogenous semistable elliptic curves over a local field, $CH^2(E_1 \times E_2,1)$ is one of Bloch's higher Chow groups and $PCH^1(\XX_v)$ is a certain subquotient of a Chow group of the special fibre $\XX_{v}$ of a semi-stable model $\XX$ of $E_1 \times E_2$. On one hand, this can be viewed as a non-Archimedean analogue of the Hodge-$\D$-conjecture of Beilinson - which is known to be true in this case by the work of Chen and Lewis \cite{lech}, and on the other, an analogue of the works of Spei{\ss} \cite{spie}, Mildenhall \cite{mild} and Flach \cite{flac} in the case when the elliptic curves have split multiplicative reduction.


The Relationship Between a Function, a Functions Inverse, and their Antiderivatives with an Emphasis in Finding Exact Roots with the Technique of Integration

Abstract: Using a new technique involving integration it is possible to find the exact roots of simple functions. In this case, simple functions are defined as smooth functions having an inverse, and that inverse having an antiderivative. This technique now makes it possible to find the exact roots of certain functions without the use of numerical or iterative methods.


Quantum group structure of the q-deformed $W$ algebra $\WW_q$

Abstract: In this paper the q-deformed $W$ algebra $\WW_q$ is constructed, whose nontrivial quantum group structure is presented.


Superposition rules and stochastic Lie-Scheffers systems

Abstract: This paper proves a version for stochastic differential equations of the Lie-Scheffers Theorem. This result characterizes the existence of nonlinear superposition rules for the general solution of those equations in terms of the involution properties of the distribution generated by the vector fields that define it. When stated in the particular case of standard deterministic systems, our main theorem improves various aspects of the classical Lie-Scheffers result. We show that the stochastic analog of the classical Lie-Scheffers systems can be reduced to the study of Lie group valued stochastic Lie-Scheffers systems; those systems, as well as those taking values in homogeneous spaces are studied in detail. The developments of the paper are illustrated with several examples.


The Smooth Structure of the Space of Piecewise-Smooth Loops

Abstract: We consider the problem of defining the structure of a smooth manifold on the various spaces of piecewise-smooth loops in a smooth finite dimensional manifold. We succeed for a particular type of piecewise-smooth loops. We also examine the action of the diffeomorphism group of the circle. It is not a useful action on the manifold that we define. We consider how one might fix this problem and conclude that it can only be done by completing to the space of loops of bounded variation.


Families of zero cycles and divided powers: I. Representability

Abstract: For any separated algebraic space $X/S$ we construct a separated algebraic space $\Gamma^d(X/S)$ -- the space of divided powers -- which parameterizes zero cycles of degree $d$ on $X$. The space of divided powers for an affine scheme is given by the spectrum of the algebra of divided powers. In characteristic zero or when $X/S$ is flat, the constructed space coincides with the symmetric product $Sym^d(X/S)$. We also prove several fundamental results on the kernels of multiplicative polynomial laws necessary for the construction of $\Gamma^d(X/S)$.


Positivity of cotangent bundles

Abstract: In this paper we prove a generalization of a theorem of Schneider, which gives a criterion for a projective surface over the complex numbers to have an ample cotangent bundle. After reviewing different notions of positivity, we introduce a slightly weaker notion of ampleness, which we call quasi-ample, and then are able to extend Schneider's result to higher dimensions.


Polling systems with parameter regeneration, the general case

Abstract: We consider a polling model with multiple stations, each with Poisson arrivals and a queue of infinite capacity. The service regime is exhaustive and there is Jacksonian feedback of served customers. What is new here is that when the server comes to a station it chooses the service rate and the feedback parameters at random; these remain valid during the whole stay of the server at that station. We give criteria for recurrence, transience and existence of the $s$th moment of the return time to the empty state for this model. This paper generalizes the model, when only two stations accept arriving jobs, which was considered in [Ann. Appl. Probab. 17 (2007) 1447--1473]. Our results are stated in terms of Lyapunov exponents for random matrices. From the recurrence criteria it can be seen that the polling model with parameter regeneration can exhibit the unusual phenomenon of null recurrence over a thick region of parameter space.


The tiered Aubry set for autonomous Lagrangian functions

Abstract: If L is a Tonelli Lagrangian defined on the tangent bundle of a compact and connected manifold whose dimension is at least 2, we associate to L the tiered Aubry set and the tiered Mane set (defined in the article). We prove that the tiered Mane set is closed, connected, chain transitive and that if L is generic in the Mane sense, the tiered Mane set has no interior. Then, we give an example of such an explicit generic Tonelli Lagrangian function and an example proving that when M is the torus, the closure of the tiered Aubry set and the closure of the union of the K.A.M. tori may be different.


Non-proper helicoid-like limits of closed minimal surfaces in 3-manifolds

Abstract: We show that there exists a metric with positive scalar curvature on S2xS1 and a sequence of embedded minimal cylinders that converges to a minimal lamination that, in a neighborhood of a strictly stable 2-sphere, is smooth except at two helicoid-like singularities on the 2-sphere. The construction is inspired by a recent example by D. Hoffman and B. White.


The Theory of Fallible Probability and The Dynamics of Degrees of Belief

Abstract: This monograph is an account of the theory of fallible probability and of the dynamics of degrees of belief. It discusses the first order subjective theory in which first order degrees of belief are expressed by subjective probabilities and are updated by conditionalization (Bayes, 1764; Ramsey, 1926), gives an improved exposition of the greater part of the author's theory of Probability Dynamics (Nathan, 2006) which should replace the so-called Probability Kinematics (Jeffrey, 1965), resolves the problem of New Explanation of Old Evidence (Jeffrey, 1995), provides a Theory of Confirmation, and refutes the Principle of Reflection (Van Fraassen, 1984).


Constrained Willmore Tori in the 4--Sphere

Abstract: We prove that a constrained Willmore immersion of a 2-torus into the conformal 4-sphere is either of "finite type", that is, has a spectral curve of finite genus, or is of "holomorphic type" which means that it is super conformal or Euclidean minimal with planar ends. This implies that all constrained Willmore tori in the 4-sphere can be constructed rather explicitly by methods of complex algebraic geometry. The proof uses quaternionic holomorphic geometry in combination with integrable systems methods similar to those of Hitchin's approach to the study of harmonic tori in the 3-sphere.


Metric properties of Outer Space

Abstract: We define metrics on Culler-Vogtmann space, which are an analogue of the Teichmuller metric and are constructed using stretching factors. In fact the metrics we study are related, one being a symmetrised version of the other. We investigate the basic properties of these metrics, showing the advantages and pathologies of both choices. We show how to compute stretching factors between marked metric graphs in an easy way and we discuss the behaviour of stretching factors under iterations of automorphisms. We study metric properties of folding paths, showing that they are geodesic for the non-symmetric metric and, if they do not enter the thin part of Outer space, quasi-geodesic for the symmetric metric.


Arithmetic of a fake projective plane and related elliptic surfaces

Abstract: The purpose of the present paper is to explain the fake projective plane constructed by J.H. Keum from the point of view of arithmetic ball quotients. Beside the ball quotient associated with the fake projective plane, we also analize two further naturally related ball quotients whose minimal desingularizations lead to two elliptic surfaces, one already considered by J.H. Keum as well as the one constructed by M.N. Ishida in terms of p-adic uniformization.


The defining ideals of conjugacy classes of nilpotent matrices and a conjecture of Weyman

Abstract: Tanisaki introduced generating sets for the defining ideals of the schematic intersections of the closure of conjugacy classes of nilpotent matrices with the set of diagonal matrices. These ideals are naturally labeled by integer partitions. Given such a partition $\lambda$, we define several methods to produce a reduced generating set for the associated ideal $I_{\lambda}$. For particular shapes we find nice generating sets. By comparing our sets with some generating sets of $I_{\lambda}$ arising from a work of Weyman, we find a counterexample to a related conjecture of Weyman.


Examples of smooth maps with finitely many critical points in dimensions $(4,3)$, $(8,5)$ and $(16,9)$

Abstract: We consider manifolds $M^{2n}$ which admit smooth maps into a connected sum of $S^1\times S^n$ with only finitely many critical points, for $n\in\{2,4,8\}$, and compute the minimal number of critical points.


Regularization with the Smooth-Lasso procedure

Abstract: We consider the linear regression problem. We propose the S-Lasso procedure to estimate the unknown regression parameters. This estimator enjoys sparsity of the representation while taking into account correlation between successive covariates (or predictors). The study covers the case when $p\gg n$, i.e. the number of covariates is much larger than the number of observations. In the theoretical point of view, for fixed $p$, we establish asymptotic normality and consistency in variable selection results for our procedure. When $p\geq n$, we provide variable selection consistency results and show that the S-Lasso achieved a Sparsity Inequality, i.e., a bound in term of the number of non-zero components of the oracle vector. It appears that the S-Lasso has nice variable selection properties compared to its challengers. Furthermore, we provide an estimator of the effective degree of freedom of the S-Lasso estimator. A simulation study shows that the S-Lasso performs better than the Lasso as far as variable selection is concerned especially when high correlations between successive covariates exist. This procedure also appears to be a good challenger to the Elastic-Net (Zou and Hastie, 2005).


Heat content

Abstract: We study the heat content asymptotics with either Dirichlet or Robin boundary conditions where the initial temperature exhibits radial blowup near the boundary. We show that there is a complete small-time asymptotic expansion and give explicit geometrical formulas for the first few terms in the expansion.


Spaces of $\mathbb R$ - places of rational function fields

Abstract: In the paper an answer to a problem "When different orders of R(X) (where R is a real closed field) lead to the same real place ?" is given. We use this result to show that the space of $\mathbb R$-places of the field $\textbf{R}(Y)$ (where \textbf{R} is any real closure of $\mathbb R(X)$) is not metrizable space. Thus the space $M(\mathbb R(X,Y))$ is not metrizable, too.


On the Duality between l^1-Homology and Bounded Cohomology

Abstract: We modify the definition of l^1-homology and argue why our definition is more adequate than the classical one. While we cannot reconstruct the classical l^1-homology from the new definition for various reasons, we can reconstruct its Hausdorffification so that no information concerning semi-norms is lost. We obtain an axiomatic characterization of our l^1-homology as a universal delta-functor and prove that it is pre-dual to our definition of bounded cohomology. We thus answer a question raised by Loeh in her thesis. Moreover, we prove Gromov's theorem and the Matsumoto-Morita conjecture in our context.


Pseudo-unitarizable weight modules over generalized Weyl algebras

Abstract: We define a notion of pseudo-unitarizability for weight modules over a generalized Weyl algebra (of rank one, with commutative coeffiecient ring $R$), which is assumed to carry an involution of the form $X^*=Y$, $R^*\subseteq R$. We prove that a weight module $V$ is pseudo-unitarizable iff it is isomorphic to its finitistic dual $V^\sharp$. Using the classification of weight modules by Drozd, Guzner and Ovsienko, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for an indecomposable weight module to be isomorphic to its finitistic dual, and thus to be pseudo-unitarizable. Some examples are given, including $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ for $q$ a root of unity.


Loewner's torus inequality with isosystolic defect

Abstract: We show that Bonnesen's isoperimetic defect has a systolic analog for Loewner's torus inequality. The isosystolic defect is expressed in terms of the probabilistic variance of the conformal factor of the metric g with respect to the flat metric of unit area in the conformal class of g.


Constructing Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series

Abstract: Let Phi be a reduced root system of rank r. A Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series for Phi is a Dirichlet series in r complex variables s_1,...,s_r, initially converging for Re(s_i) sufficiently large, that has meromorphic continuation to C^r and satisfies functional equations under the transformations of C^r corresponding to the Weyl group of Phi. A heuristic definition of such series was given in [2], and they have been investigated in certain special cases in [2-6, 11-14]. In this paper we generalize results in [13] to construct Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series by a uniform method, and show in all cases that they have the expected properties.


Quantum Monodromy and Non-concentration near a Closed Semi-Hyperbolic Orbit

Abstract: For a large class of semiclassical operators $P(h)-z$ which includes Schr\"odinger operators on manifolds with boundary, we construct the Quantum Monodromy operator $M(z)$ associated to a periodic orbit $\gamma$ of the classical flow. Using estimates relating $M(z)$ and $P(h)-z$, we prove semiclassical estimates for small complex perturbations of $P(h) -z$ in the case $\gamma$ is semi-hyperbolic. As our main application, we give logarithmic lower bounds on the mass of eigenfunctions away from semi-hyperbolic orbits of the associated classical flow. As a second application of the Monodromy Operator construction, we prove if $\gamma$ is an elliptic orbit, then $P(h)$ admits quasimodes which are well-localized near $\gamma$.


A Generalization of Siegel's Theorem and Hall's Conjecture

Abstract: Consider an elliptic curve, defined over the rational numbers, and embedded in projective space. The rational points on the curve are viewed as integer vectors with coprime coordinates. What can be said about a rational point if a bound is placed upon the number of prime factors dividing a fixed coordinate? If the bound is zero, then Siegel's Theorem guarantees that there are only finitely many such points. We consider, theoretically and computationally, two conjectures: one is a generalization of Siegel's Theorem and the other is a refinement which resonates with Hall's conjecture.


Riemann Surface Laminations with Singularities

Abstract: In these introductory notes we give the basics of the theory of holomorphic foliations and laminations. The emphasis is on the theory of harmonic currents and unique ergodicity for laminations transversally Lipschitz in CP^2 and for generic holomorphic foliations in CP^2.


Annular embeddings of permutations for arbitrary genus

Abstract: In the symmetric group on a set of size 2n, let P_{2n} denote the conjugacy class of involutions with no fixed points (equivalently, we refer to these as ``pairings'', since each disjoint cycle has length 2). Harer and Zagier explicitly determined the distribution of the number of disjoint cycles in the product of a fixed cycle of length 2n and the elements of P_{2n}. Their famous result has been reproved many times, primarily because it can be interpreted as the genus distribution for 2-cell embeddings in an orientable surface,of a graph with a single vertex attached to n loops. In this paper we give a new formula for the cycle distribution when a fixed permutation with two cycles (say the lengths are p,q, where p+q=2n) is multiplied by the elements of P_{2n}. It can be interpreted as the genus distribution for 2-cell embeddings in an orientable surface, of a graph with two vertices, of degrees p and q. In terms of these graphs, the formula involves a parameter that allows us to specify, separately, the number of edges between the two vertices and the number of loops at each of the vertices. The proof is combinatorial, and uses a new algorithm that we introduce to create all rooted forests containing a given rooted forest.


Discrete holomorphic geometry I. Darboux transformations and spectral curves

Abstract: Finding appropriate notions of discrete holomorphic maps and, more generally, conformal immersions of discrete Riemann surfaces into 3-space is an important problem of discrete differential geometry and computer visualization. We propose an approach to discrete conformality that is based on the concept of holomorphic line bundles over "discrete surfaces", by which we mean the vertex sets of triangulated surfaces with bi-colored set of faces. The resulting theory of discrete conformality is simultaneously Moebius invariant and based on linear equations. In the special case of maps into the 2-sphere we obtain a reinterpretation of the theory of complex holomorphic functions on discrete surfaces introduced by Dynnikov and Novikov. As an application of our theory we introduce a Darboux transformation for discrete surfaces in the conformal 4-sphere. This Darboux transformation can be interpreted as the space- and time-discrete Davey-Stewartson flow of Konopelchenko and Schief.


Immersed Lagrangian Floer Theory

Abstract: Let (M,w) be a compact symplectic manifold, and L a compact, embedded Lagrangian submanifold in M. Fukaya, Oh, Ohta and Ono construct Lagrangian Floer cohomology for such M,L, yielding groups HF^*(L,b;\Lambda) for one Lagrangian or HF^*((L,b),(L',b');\Lambda) for two, where b,b' are choices of bounding cochains, and exist if and only if L,L' have unobstructed Floer cohomology. These are independent of choices up to canonical isomorphism, and have important invariance properties under Hamiltonian equivalence. Floer cohomology groups are the morphism groups in the derived Fukaya category of (M,w), and so are an essential part of the Homological Mirror Symmetry Conjecture of Kontsevich. The goal of this paper is to extend all this to immersed Lagrangians L in M with immersion i : L --> M, with transverse self-intersections. In the embedded case, Floer cohomology HF^*(L,b;\Lambda) is a modified, 'quantized' version of cohomology H^*(L;\Lambda) over the Novikov ring \Lambda. In our immersed case, HF^*(L,b;\Lambda) turns out to be a quantized version of the sum of H^*(L;\Lambda) with a \Lambda-module spanned by pairs (p,q) for p,q distinct points of L with i(p)=i(q) in M. The theory becomes simpler and more powerful for graded Lagrangians in Calabi-Yau manifolds, when we can work over a smaller Novikov ring \Lambda_{CY}. The proofs involve associating a gapped filtered A-infinity algebra over \Lambda or \Lambda_{CY} to i : L --> M, which is independent of nearly all choices up to canonical homotopy equivalence, and is built using a series of finite approximations called A_{N,0} algebras for N=0,1,2,...


On two examples by Iyama and Yoshino

Abstract: In the recent paper "Mutation in triangulated categories and rigid Cohen-Macaulay modules" Iyama and Yoshino consider two interesting examples of isolated singularities over which it is possible to classify the indecomposable maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules in terms of linear algebra data. In this paper we present two new approaches to these examples. In the first approach we give a relation with cluster categories. In the second approach we use Orlov's result on the graded singularity category. We obtain some new results on the singularity category of isolated singularities which may be interesting in their own right.


Some remarks on varieties of pairs of commuting upper triangular matrices and an interpretation of commuting varieties

Abstract: It is known that the variety of pairs of n x n commuting upper triangular matrices isn't a complete intersection for infinitely many values of n; we show that there exists m such that this happens if and only if n > m. We also show that m < 18 and that it could be found by determining the dimension of the variety of pairs of commuting strictly upper triangular matrices. Then we define a natural map from the variety of pairs of commuting n x n matrices onto a subvariety defined by linear equations of the grassmannian of subspaces of codimension 2 of a vector space of dimension n x n.


Recurrence of the twisted planar random walk

Abstract: We show that the "twisted" planar random walk - which results by summing up stationary increments rotated by multiples of a fixed angle - is recurrent under diverse assumptions on the increment process. For example, if the increment process is alpha-mixing and of finite second moment, then the twisted random walk is recurrent for every angle fixed choice of the angle out of a set of full Lebesgue measure, no matter how slow the mixing coefficients decay.


A note on optimal probability lower bounds for centered random variables

Abstract: In this note we obtain lower bounds for $\P(\xi\geq 0)$ and $\P(\xi>0)$ under assumptions on the moments of a centered random variable $\xi$. The obtained estimates are shown to be optimal and improve results from the literature. The results are applied to obtain probability lower bounds for second order Rademacher chaos.


The elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem and equivalent hard problems for elliptic divisibility sequences

Abstract: We define three hard problems in the theory of elliptic divisibility sequences (EDS Association, EDS Residue and EDS Discrete Log), each of which is solvable in sub-exponential time if and only if the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem is solvable in sub-exponential time. We also relate the problem of EDS Association to the Tate pairing and the MOV, Frey-R\"{u}ck and Shipsey EDS attacks on the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem in the cases where these apply.


Isomorphisms between Algebras of Semiclassical Pseudodifferential Operators

Abstract: Following the work of Duistermaat-Singer \cite{DS} on isomorphisms of algebras of global pseudodifferential operators, we classify isomorphisms of algebras of microlocally defined semiclassical pseudodifferential operators. Specifically, we show that any such isomorphism is given by conjugation by $A = BF$, where $B$ is a microlocally elliptic semiclassical pseudodifferential operator, and $F$ is a microlocal $h$-FIO associated to the graph of a local symplectic transformation.


A Sequence of Degree One Vassiliev Invariants for Virtual Knots

Abstract: For ordinary knots in R3, there are no degree one Vassiliev invariants. For virtual knots, however, the space of degree one Vassiliev invariants is infinite dimensional. We introduce a sequence of three degree one Vassiliev invariants of virtual knots of increasing strength. We demonstrate that the strongest invariant is a universal Vassiliev invariant of degree one for virtual knots in the sense that any other degree one Vassiliev invariant can be recovered from it by a certain natural construction. To prove these results, we extend the based matrix invariant introduced by Turaev for virtual strings to the class of singular virtual knots with one double-point.


Fibered Transverse Knots and the Bennequin Bound

Abstract: We prove that a nicely fibered link (by which we mean the binding of an open book) in a tight contact manifold $(M,\xi)$ with zero Giroux torsion has a transverse representative realizing the Bennequin bound if and only if the contact structure it supports (since it is also the binding of an open book) is $\xi.$ This gives a geometric reason for the non-sharpness of the Bennequin bound for fibered links. We also note that this allows the classification, up to contactomorphism, of maximal self-linking number links in these knot types. Moreover, in the standard tight contact structure on $S^3$ we classify, up to transverse isotopy, transverse knots with maximal self-linking number in the knots types given as closures of positive braids and given as fibered strongly quasi-positive knots. We derive several braid theoretic corollaries from this. In particular. we give conditions under which quasi-postitive braids are related by positive Markov stabilizations and when a minimal braid index representative of a knot is quasi-positive. In the new version we also prove that our main result can be used to show, and make rigorous the statement, that contact structures on a given manifold are in a strong sense classified by the transverse knot theory they support.


Eisenstein cohomology for congruence subgroups of SO(n,2)

Abstract: The automorphic cohomology of a connected reductive algebraic group defined over Q decomposes as a direct algebraic sum of cuspidal and Eisenstein cohomology. In the present paper we construct regular Eisenstein cohomology classes for congruence subgroups of a rational form G of Q-rank 2 of SO(n,2).


Generalized Frobenius Algebras and the Theory of Hopf Algebras

Abstract: "Co-Frobenius" coalgebras were introduced as dualizations of Frobenius algebras. Recently, it was shown in \cite{I} that they admit left-right symmetric characterizations analogue to those of Frobenius algebras: a coalgebra $C$ is co-Frobenius if and only if it is isomorphic to its rational dual. We consider the more general quasi-co-Frobenius (QcF) coalgebras; in the first main result we show that these also admit symmetric characterizations: a coalgebra is QcF if it is weakly isomorphic to its (left, or equivalently right) rational dual $Rat(C^*)$, in the sense that certain coproduct or product powers of these objects are isomorphic. These show that QcF coalgebras can be viewed as generalizations of both co-Frobenius coalgebras and Frobenius algebras. Surprisingly, these turn out to have many applications to fundamental results of Hopf algebras. The equivalent characterizations of Hopf algebras with left (or right) nonzero integrals as left (or right) co-Frobenius, or QcF, or semiperfect or with nonzero rational dual all follow immediately from these results. Also, the celebrated uniqueness of integrals follows at the same time as just another equivalent statement. Moreover, as a by-product of our methods, we observe a short proof for the bijectivity of the antipode of a Hopf algebra with nonzero integral. This gives a purely representation theoretic approach to many of the basic fundamental results in the theory of Hopf algebras.


A statistic on the roots of a finite reflection group and a correspondence between the height function and Bruhat order

Abstract: The action of a finite reflection group (type A) on its set of roots is understood as a permutation representation or group action. We show that this representation is an induced representation from a certain kind of parabolic subgroup. Furthermore, we use this representation to define a statistic (derived from the length function) on the set of roots. A possible application to Costas Arrays is hinted at in a proposition.


The Rank of the Covariance Matrix of an Evanescent Field

Abstract: Evanescent random fields arise as a component of the 2-D Wold decomposition of homogenous random fields. Besides their theoretical importance, evanescent random fields have a number of practical applications, such as in modeling the observed signal in the space time adaptive processing (STAP) of airborne radar data. In this paper we derive an expression for the rank of the low-rank covariance matrix of a finite dimension sample from an evanescent random field. It is shown that the rank of this covariance matrix is completely determined by the evanescent field spectral support parameters, alone. Thus, the problem of estimating the rank lends itself to a solution that avoids the need to estimate the rank from the sample covariance matrix. We show that this result can be immediately applied to considerably simplify the estimation of the rank of the interference covariance matrix in the STAP problem.


Mutual Absolute Continuity of Harmonic and Surface Measures for Hormander Type Operators

Abstract: In this paper, we consider the Sub-Laplacian L which consists of sum of squares of smooth vector fields that satisfy Hormander's finite rank condition. We study the Dirichlet problem for this operator on domains that satisfy certain geometric conditions. For such domains, several key results are established. These results consist of 1) A reversed Holder inequality for the Poisson kernel 2) Harmonic measure (corresponding to L) and surface measure (as well as the H-Perimeter measure) are mutually absolutely continuous 3) A representation (hence solvability of the Dirichlet problem) for solutions to the Dirichlet problem.


Composition of Haar Paraproducts: The Random Case

Abstract: When is the composition of paraproducts bounded? This is an important, and difficult question, related to to a question of Sarason on composition of Hankel matrices, and the two-weight problem for the Hilbert transform. We consider randomized variants of this question, finding non-classical characterizations, for dyadic paraproducts.


A criteria for correct solvability in L_p(R) of a general Sturm-Liouville equation

Abstract: We give criteria for correct solvability in L_p(R) of a general Sturm-Liouville equation


On periodic $p$-harmonic functions on Cayley tree

Abstract: We show that any periodic with respect to normal subgroups (of the group representation of the Cayley tree) of finite index $p$-harmonic function is a constant. For some normal subgroups of infinite index we describe a class of (non-constant) periodic $p$-harmonic functions. If $p\neq2$, the $p$-harmonicity is non-linear, i.e., the linear combination of $p$-harmonic functions need not be $p$-harmonic. In spite of this, we show that linear combinations of the $p$-harmonic functions described for normal subgroups of infinite index are also $p$-harmonic.


Archimedean Type Conditions in Categories

Abstract: Two concepts of being Archimedean are defined for arbitrary categories.


Geometric quantization of weak-Hamiltonian functions

Abstract: The paper presents an extension of the geometric quantization procedure to integrable, big-isotropic structures. We obtain a generalization of the cohomology integrality condition, we discuss geometric structures on the total space of the corresponding principal circle bundle and we extend the notion of a polarization.


Time--space harmonic polynomials relative to a L\'{e}vy process

Abstract: In this work, we give a closed form and a recurrence relation for a family of time--space harmonic polynomials relative to a L\'{e}vy process. We also state the relationship with the Kailath--Segall (orthogonal) polynomials associated to the process.


On the ternary Goldbach problem with primes in independent arithmetic progressions

Abstract: We show that for every fixed $A>0$ and $\theta>0$ there is a $\vartheta=\vartheta(A,\theta)>0$ with the following property. Let $n$ be odd and sufficiently large, and let $Q_{1}=Q_{2}:=n^{\h}(\log n)^{-\vartheta}$ and $Q_{3}:=(\log n)^{\theta}$. Then for all $q_{3}\leq Q_{3}$, all reduced residues $a_{3}$ mod $q_{3}$, almost all $q_{2}\leq Q_{2}$, all admissible residues $a_{2}$ mod $q_{2}$, almost all $q_{1}\leq Q_{1}$ and all admissible residues $a_{1}$ mod $q_{1}$, there exists a representation $n=p_{1}+p_{2}+p_{3}$ with primes $p_{i}\equiv a_{i} (q_{i})$, $i=1,2,3$.


Goodness-of-fit tests for Markovian time series models: Central limit theory and bootstrap approximations

Abstract: New goodness-of-fit tests for Markovian models in time series analysis are developed which are based on the difference between a fully nonparametric estimate of the one-step transition distribution function of the observed process and that of the model class postulated under the null hypothesis. The model specification under the null allows for Markovian models, the transition mechanisms of which depend on an unknown vector of parameters and an unspecified distribution of i.i.d. innovations. Asymptotic properties of the test statistic are derived and the critical values of the test are found using appropriate bootstrap schemes. General properties of the bootstrap for Markovian processes are derived. A new central limit theorem for triangular arrays of weakly dependent random variables is obtained. For the proof of stochastic equicontinuity of multidimensional empirical processes, we use a simple approach based on an anisotropic tiling of the space. The finite-sample behavior of the proposed test is illustrated by some numerical examples and a real-data application is given.


Moufang symmetry X. Generalized Lie and Maurer-Cartan equations of continuous Moufang transformations

Abstract: The differential equations for a continuous birepresentation of a local analytic Moufang loop are established. The commutation relations for the infinitesimal operators of the representation are found. These commutation relations can be seen as a (minimal) generalization of the Maurer-Cartan equations and do not depend on the particular birepresentation.


Leading coefficients and cellular bases of Hecke algebras

Abstract: Let $\bH$ be the generic Iwahori--Hecke algebra associated with a finite Coxeter group $W$. Recently, we have shown that $\bH$ admits a natural cellular basis in the sense of Graham--Lehrer, provided that $W$ is a Weyl group and all parameters of $\bH$ are equal. The construction involves some data arising from the Kazhdan--Lusztig basis $\{\bC_w\}$ of $\bH$ and Lusztig's asymptotic ring $\bJ$. This article attemps to study $\bJ$ and its representation theory from a new point of view. We show that $\bJ$ can be obtained in an entirely different fashion from the generic representations of $\bH$, without any reference to $\{\bC_w\}$. Then we can extend the construction of the cellular basis to the case where $W$ is not crystallographic. Furthermore, if $\bH$ is a multi-parameter algebra, we will see that there always exists at least one cellular structure on $\bH$. Finally, one may also hope that the new construction of $\bJ$ can be extended to Hecke algebras associated to complex reflection groups.


A simple adaptive estimator of the integrated square of a density

Abstract: Given an i.i.d. sample $X_1,...,X_n$ with common bounded density $f_0$ belonging to a Sobolev space of order $\alpha$ over the real line, estimation of the quadratic functional $\int_{\mathbb{R}}f_0^2(x) \mathrm{d}x$ is considered. It is shown that the simplest kernel-based plug-in estimator \[\frac{2}{n(n-1)h_n}\sum_{1\leq i<j\leq n}K\biggl(\frac{X_i-X_j}{h_n}\biggr)\] is asymptotically efficient if $\alpha>1/4$ and rate-optimal if $\alpha\le1/4$. A data-driven rule to choose the bandwidth $h_n$ is then proposed, which does not depend on prior knowledge of $\alpha$, so that the corresponding estimator is rate-adaptive for $\alpha \leq1/4$ and asymptotically efficient if $\alpha>1/4$.


Asymptotic analysis of $k$-noncrossing matchings

Abstract: In this paper we study $k$-noncrossing matchings. A $k$-noncrossing matching is a labeled graph with vertex set $\{1,...,2n\}$ arranged in increasing order in a horizontal line and vertex-degree 1. The $n$ arcs are drawn in the upper halfplane subject to the condition that there exist no $k$ arcs that mutually intersect. We derive: (a) for arbitrary $k$, an asymptotic approximation of the exponential generating function of $k$-noncrossing matchings $F_k(z)$. (b) the asymptotic formula for the number of $k$-noncrossing matchings $f_{k}(n) \sim c_k n^{-((k-1)^2+(k-1)/2)} (2(k-1))^{2n}$ for some $c_k>0$.


Lindenmayer systems and primes

Abstract: We study the surprising discrepancy between the number of primes corresponding, respectively, to the two letters of an infinite word engendered by one of the simplest Lindenmayer systems. We formulate a conjecture concerning the rate of growth of this discrepancy, which seems to tend to e for every two sufficiently high consecutive even rank iterates of the Lindenmayer system.


Girard couples of quantales

Abstract: We introduce the concept of a Girard couple, which consists of two (not necessarily unital) quantales linked by a strong form of duality. The two basic examples of Girard couples arise in the study of endomorphism quantales and of the spectra of operator algebras. We construct, for an arbitrary sup-lattice $S$, a Girard quantale whose right-sided part is isomorphic to $S$.


The Geometric Bogomolov Conjecture for Small Genus Curves

Abstract: The Bogomolov Conjecture is a finiteness statement about algebraic points of small height on a smooth complete curve defined over a global field. We verify an effective form of the Bogomolov Conjecture for all curves of genus at most 4 defined over a function field of characteristic zero. We recover the known result for genus 2 curves and in many cases improve upon the known bound for genus 3 curves. For many curves of genus 4 with bad reduction, the conjecture was previously unproved.


L\'{e}vy-based growth models

Abstract: In the present paper, we give a condensed review, for the nonspecialist reader, of a new modelling framework for spatio-temporal processes, based on L\'{e}vy theory. We show the potential of the approach in stochastic geometry and spatial statistics by studying L\'{e}vy-based growth modelling of planar objects. The growth models considered are spatio-temporal stochastic processes on the circle. As a by product, flexible new models for space--time covariance functions on the circle are provided. An application of the L\'{e}vy-based growth models to tumour growth is discussed.


An upper bound for the number of perfect matchings in graphs

Abstract: We give an upper bound on the number of perfect matchings in an undirected simple graph $G$ with an even number of vertices, in terms of the degrees of all the vertices in $G$. This bound is sharp if $G$ is a union of complete bipartite graphs. This bound is a generalization of the upper bound on the number of perfect matchings in bipartite graphs on $n+n$ vertices given by the Bregman-Minc inequality for the permanents of $(0,1)$ matrices.


Symmetry Coefficients of Semilinear Partial Differential Equations

Abstract: We show that for any semilinear partial differential equation of order m, the infinitesimals of the independent variables depend only on the independent variables and, if m>1 and the equation is also linear in its derivatives of order m-1 of the dependent variable, then the infinitesimal of the dependent variable is at most linear on the dependent variable. Many examples of important partial differential equations in Analysis, Geometry and Mathematical - Physics are given in order to enlighten the main result.


Selection from a stable box

Abstract: Let $\{X_j\}$ be independent, identically distributed random variables. It is well known that the functional CUSUM statistic and its randomly permuted version both converge weakly to a Brownian bridge if second moments exist. Surprisingly, an infinite-variance counterpart does not hold true. In the present paper, we let $\{X_j\}$ be in the domain of attraction of a strictly $\alpha$-stable law, $\alpha\in(0,2)$. While the functional CUSUM statistics itself converges to an $\alpha$-stable bridge and so does the permuted version, provided both the $\{X_j\}$ and the permutation are random, the situation turns out to be more delicate if a realization of the $\{X_j\}$ is fixed and randomness is restricted to the permutation. Here, the conditional distribution function of the permuted CUSUM statistics converges in probability to a random and nondegenerate limit.


Statistical analysis of self-similar conservative fragmentation chains

Abstract: We explore statistical inference in self-similar conservative fragmentation chains when only approximate observations of the sizes of the fragments below a given threshold are available. This framework, introduced by Bertoin and Martinez [Adv. Appl. Probab. 37 (2005) 553--570], is motivated by mineral crushing in the mining industry. The underlying object that can be identified from the data is the step distribution of the random walk associated with a randomly tagged fragment that evolves along the genealogical tree representation of the fragmentation process. We compute upper and lower rates of estimation in a parametric framework and show that in the nonparametric case, the difficulty of the estimation is comparable to ill-posed linear inverse problems of order 1 in signal denoising.


Sagbi Bases of Cox-Nagata Rings

Abstract: We degenerate Cox-Nagata rings to toric algebras by means of sagbi bases induced by configurations over the rational function field. For del Pezzo surfaces, this degeneration implies the Batyrev-Popov conjecture that these rings are presented by ideals of quadrics. For the blow-up of projective n-space at n+3 points, sagbi bases of Cox-Nagata rings establish a link between the Verlinde formula and phylogenetic algebraic geometry, and we use this to answer questions due to D'Cruz-Iarobbino and Buczynska-Wisniewski. Inspired by the zonotopal algebras of Holtz and Ron, our study emphasizes explicit computations, and offers a new approach to Hilbert functions of fat points.


Admissibility and Controllability of diagonal Volterra equations with scalar inputs

Abstract: This article studies Volterra evolution equations from the point of view of control theory, in the case that the generator of the underlying semigroup has a Riesz basis of eigenvectors. Conditions for admissibility of the system's control operator are given in terms of the Carleson embedding properties of certain discrete measures. Moreover, exact and null controllability are expressed in terms of a new interpolation question for analytic functions, providing a generalization of results known to hold for the standard Cauchy problem. The results are illustrated by examples involving heat conduction with memory.


Asymptotic link invariants for ergodic vector fields

Abstract: We study the asymptotics of a family of link invariants on the orbits of a smooth volume-preserving ergodic vector field on a compact domain of the 3-space. These invariants, called linear saddle invariants, include many concordance invariants and generate an infinite-dimensional vector space of link invariants. In contrast, the vector space of asymptotic linear saddle invariants is 1-dimensional, generated by the asymptotic signature. We also relate the asymptotic slice genus to the asymptotic signature.


Series of Reciprocal Powers of k-almost Primes

Abstract: Sums over inverse s-th powers of semiprimes and k-almost primes are transformed into sums over products of powers of ordinary prime zeta functions. Multinomial coefficients known from the cycle decomposition of permutation groups play the role of expansion coefficients. Founded on a known convergence acceleration for the ordinary prime zeta functions, the sums and first derivatives are tabulated with high precision for indices k=2,...,6 and integer powers s=2,...,8.


A Numerical Approach to the Estimation of the Solutions of some Variational Problems with Convexity Costraints

Abstract: We present an algorithm to approximate the solutions to variational problems where set of admissible functions consists of convex functions. The main motivator behind this numerical method is estimating solutions to Adverse Selection problems within a Principal-Agent framework. Problems such as product lines design, optimal taxation, structured derivatives design, etc. can be studied through the scope of these models. We develop a method to estimate their optimal pricing schedules.


On the ruin problem in the renewal risk processes perturbed by diffusion

Abstract: In this paper, we consider the perturbed renewal risk process. Systems of integro-differential equations for the Gerber-Shiu functions at ruin caused by a claim and oscillation are established, respectively. The explicit Laplase transforms of Gerber-Shiu functions are obtained, while the closed form expressions for the Gerber-Shiu functions are derived when the claim amount distribution is from the rational family. Finally, we present numerical examples intended to illustrate the main results.


Uniform partitions of frames of exponentials into Riesz sequences

Abstract: The Feichtinger Conjecture, if true, would have as a corollary that for each set $E\subset \T$ and $\Lambda \subset \Z$, there is a partition $\Lambda_1,...,\Lambda_N$ of $\Z$ such that for each $1\le i \le N$, $\{\exp(2\pi i x\lambda): \lambda \in \Lambda_i\}$ is a Riesz sequence. In this paper, sufficient conditions on sets $E\subset \T$ and $\Lambda\subset \R$ are given so that $\{\exp(2\pi i x\lambda) 1_E: \lambda \in \Lambda\}$ can be uniformly partitioned into Riesz sequences.


Siegel modular forms of genus 2 and level 2: cohomological computations and conjectures

Abstract: We study the cohomology of certain local systems on moduli spaces of principally polarized abelian surfaces with a level 2 structure. The trace of Frobenius on the alternating sum of the \'etale cohomology groups of these local systems can be calculated by counting the number of pointed curves of genus 2 with a prescribed number of Weierstrass points over the given finite field. This cohomology is intimately related to vector-valued Siegel modular forms. The corresponding scheme in level 1 was carried out in [FvdG]. Here we extend this to level 2 where new phenomena appear. We determine the contribution of the Eisenstein cohomology together with its S_6-action for the full level 2 structure and on the basis of our computations we make precise conjectures on the endoscopic contribution. We also make a prediction about the existence of a vector-valued analogue of the Saito-Kurokawa lift. Assuming these conjectures that are based on ample numerical evidence, we obtain the traces of the Hecke-operators T(p) for p < 41 on the remaining spaces of `genuine' Siegel modular forms. We present a number of examples of 1-dimensional spaces of eigenforms where these traces coincide with the Hecke eigenvalues. We hope that the experts on lifting and on endoscopy will be able to prove our conjectures.


Robust Smoothed Analysis of a Condition Number for Linear Programming

Abstract: We perform a smoothed analysis of the GCC-condition number C(A) of the linear programming feasibility problem \exists x\in\R^{m+1} Ax < 0. Suppose that \bar{A} is any matrix with rows \bar{a_i} of euclidean norm 1 and, independently for all i, let a_i be a random perturbation of \bar{a_i} following the uniform distribution in the spherical disk in S^m of angular radius \arcsin\sigma and centered at \bar{a_i}. We prove that E(\ln C(A)) = O(mn / \sigma). A similar result was shown for Renegar's condition number and Gaussian perturbations by Dunagan, Spielman, and Teng [arXiv:cs.DS/0302011]. Our result is robust in the sense that it easily extends to radially symmetric probability distributions supported on a spherical disk of radius \arcsin\sigma, whose density may even have a singularity at the center of the perturbation. Our proofs combine ideas from a recent paper of B\"urgisser, Cucker, and Lotz (Math. Comp. 77, No. 263, 2008) with techniques of Dunagan et al.


On the Second-Order Correlation Function of the Characteristic Polynomial of a Real Symmetric Wigner Matrix

Abstract: We consider the asymptotic behaviour of the second-order correlation function of the characteristic polynomial of a real symmetric random matrix. Our main result is that the existing result for a random matrix from the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble essentially continues to hold for a general real symmetric Wigner matrix.


Dynamics of meromorphic maps with small topological degree I: from cohomology to currents

Abstract: We consider the dynamics of a meromorphic map on a compact kahler surface whose topological degree is smaller than its first dynamical degree. The latter quantity is the exponential rate at which its iterates expand the cohomology class of a kahler form. Our goal in this article and its sequels is to carry out a conjectural program for constructing and analyzing a natural measure of maximal entropy for each such map. Here we take the first step, converting information about the linear action of the map on cohomology to invariant currents with special geometric structure. We also give some examples and identify some additional properties of maps on irrational surfaces and of maps whose invariant cohomology classes have vanishing self-intersection.


The mixed problem for harmonic functions in polyhedra

Abstract: R. M. Brown's theorem on mixed Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions is extended in two ways for the special case of polyhedral domains. A (1) more general partition of the boundary into Dirichlet and Neumann sets is used on (2) manifold boundaries that are not locally given as the graphs of functions. Examples are constructed to illustrate necessity and other implications of the geometric hypotheses.


On one-sided Lie nilpotent ideals of associative rings

Abstract: We prove that a Lie nilpotent one-sided ideal of an associative ring $R$ is contained in a Lie solvable two-sided ideal of $R$. An estimation of derived length of such Lie solvable ideal is obtained depending on the class of Lie nilpotency of the Lie nilpotent one-sided ideal of $R.$ One-sided Lie nilpotent ideals contained in ideals generated by commutators of the form $[... [ [r_1, r_{2}], ... ], r_{n-1}], r_{n}]$ are also studied.


On q-deformed gl(l+1)-Whittaker function II

Abstract: A representation of a specialization of a q-deformed class one lattice gl(\ell+1}-Whittaker function in terms of cohomology groups of line bundles on the space QM_d(P^{\ell}) of quasi-maps P^1 to P^{\ell} of degree d is proposed. For \ell=1, this provides an interpretation of non-specialized q-deformed gl(2)-Whittaker function in terms of QM_d(\IP^1). In particular the (q-version of) Mellin-Barnes representation of gl(2)-Whittaker function is realized as a semi-infinite period map. The explicit form of the period map manifests an important role of q-version of Gamma-function as a substitute of topological genus in semi-infinite geometry. A relation with Givental-Lee universal solution (J-function) of q-deformed gl(2)-Toda chain is also discussed.


The Chabauty-Coleman bound at a prime of bad reduction

Abstract: We extend the refined version of the Chabauty-Coleman bound on the number of rational points on a curve of genus g>1 to the case of bad reduction.


L^{2}-restriction bounds for eigenfunctions along curves in the quantum completely integrable case

Abstract: We show that for a quantum completely integrable system in two dimensions,the $L^{2}$-normalized joint eigenfunctions of the commuting semiclassical pseudodifferential operators satisfy restriction bounds ofthe form $ \int_{\gamma} |\phi_{j}^{\hbar}|^2 ds = {\mathcal O}(|\log \hbar|)$ for generic curves $\gamma$ on the surface. We also prove that the maximal restriction bounds of Burq-Gerard-Tzvetkov are always attained for certain exceptional subsequences of eigenfunctions.