Compact operators that commute with a contraction

Abstract: Let $T$ be a $C_0$--contraction on a separable Hilbert space. We assume that $I_H-T^*T$ is compact. For a function $f$ holomorphic in the unit disk $\DD$ and continuous on $\bar\DD$, we show that $f(T)$ is compact if and only if $f$ vanishes on $\sigma (T)\cap \TT$, where $\sigma (T)$ is the spectrum of $T$ and $\TT$ the unit circle. If $f$ is just a bounded holomorphic function on $\DD$ we prove that $f(T)$ is compact if and only if $\lim_{n\to \infty} T^nf(T) =0$.


Formal deformations and their categorical general fibre

Abstract: We study the general fibre of a formal deformation over the formal disk of a projective variety from the view point of abelian and derived categories. The abelian category of coherent sheaves of the general fibre is constructed directly from the formal deformation and is shown to be linear over the field of Laurent series. The various candidates for the derived category of the general fibre are compared. If the variety is a surface with trivial canonical bundle, we show that the derived category of the general fibre is again a linear triangulated category with a Serre functor given by the square of the shift functor.


Matrix Corepresentations for SL_q(N) and SU_q(N)

Abstract: We give an algorithm for computing matrix corepresentations for special linear and special unitary quantum groups using a combinatorial re-indexing of basis elements.


Extension of twisted Hodge metrics for K\"ahler morphisms

Abstract: Let f : X --> Y be a holomorphic map of complex manifolds, which is proper, Kahler, and surjective with connected fibers, and which is smooth over Y-Z the complement of an analytic subset Z. Let E be a Nakano semi-positive vector bundle on X, and consider direct image sheaves F = R^qf_*(K_{X/Y} \otimes E) for q \geq 0. In our previous paper, we discussed the Nakano semi-positivity of F with respect to the so-called Hodge metric, when the map f is smooth. In this paper, we discuss the extension of the induced metric on the tautological line bundle O(1) on the projective space bundle P(F) ``over Y-Z'' as a singular Hermitian metric with semi-positive curvature ``over Y''. As a particular consequence, if Y is projective, R^qf_*(K_{X/Y} \otimes E) is weakly positive over Y-Z in the sense of Viehweg.


Remarks on the extension of twisted Hodge metrics

Abstract: This is a technical introduction to the paper "Extension of twisted Hodge metrics for Kahler morphisms" by the authors.


A converse to the Grace--Walsh--Szeg\H{o} theorem

Abstract: We prove that the symmetrizer of a permutation group preserves stability of a polynomial if and only if the group is orbit homogeneous. A consequence is that the hypothesis of permutation invariance in the Grace-Walsh-Szeg\H{o} Coincidence Theorem cannot be relaxed. In the process we obtain a new characterization of the \emph{Grace-like polynomials} introduced by D. Ruelle, and prove that the class of such polynomials can be endowed with a natural multiplication.


On $\mathcal{OL}_\infty$ structure of nuclear, quasidiagonal C*-algebras

Abstract: We continue the study of $\mathcal{OL}_\infty$ structure of nuclear $C^*$-algebras initiated by Junge, Ozawa and Ruan. In particular, we prove if $\mathcal{OL}_\infty(A)<1.005,$ then $A$ has a separating family of irreducible, stably finite representations. As an application we give examples of nuclear, quasidiagonal $C^*$-algebras $A$ with $\mathcal{OL}_\infty(A)>1.$


Schr\"odinger Operators Defined by Interval Exchange Transformations

Abstract: We discuss discrete one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operators whose potentials are generated by an invertible ergodic transformation of a compact metric space and a continuous real-valued sampling function. We pay particular attention to the case where the transformation is a minimal interval exchange transformation. Results about the spectrum and the spectral type of these operators are established. In particular, we provide the first examples of transformations for which the associated Schr\"odinger operators have purely singular spectrum for every non-constant continuous sampling function.


A note on minors determined by clones of semilattices

Abstract: The C-minor partial orders determined by the clones generated by a semilattice operation (and possibly the constant operations corresponding to its identity or zero elements) are shown to satisfy the descending chain condition.


On an elliptic Kirchhoff-type problem depending on two parameters

Abstract: In this paper, we consider the Dirichlet problem associated to an elliptic Kirchhoff-type equation depending on two parameters. Under rather general and natural assumptions, we prove that, for certain values of the parameters, the problem has at least three solutions.


Compactness for manifolds and integral currents with bounded diameter and volume

Abstract: By Gromov's compactness theorem for metric spaces, every uniformly compact sequence of metric spaces admits an isometric embedding into a common compact metric space in which a subsequence converges with respect to the Hausdorff distance. Working in the class or oriented $k$-dimensional Riemannian manifolds (with boundary) and, more generally, integral currents in metric spaces in the sense of Ambrosio-Kirchheim and replacing the Hausdorff distance with the filling volume or flat distance, we prove an analogous compactness theorem in which we replace uniform compactness of the sequence with uniform bounds on volume and diameter.


Uniqueness for solutions of the two-phase Stefan problem with signed measures as data

Abstract: We show uniqueness of solutions to the two-phase Stefan problem which have signed measures as initial data.


KP hierarchy for Hodge integrals

Abstract: Starting from the ELSV formula, we derive a number of new equations on the generating functions for Hodge integrals over the moduli space of complex curves. This gives a new simple and uniform treatment of certain known results on Hodge integrals like Witten's conjecture, Virasoro constrains, Faber's lambda_g conjecture etc. Among other results we show that a properly arranged generating function for Hodge integrals satisfies the equations of the KP hierarchy.


About Bernoulli's Numbers

Abstract: In this article we present a simple proof of Borevich-Shafarevich's method to compute the sum of the first n natural numbers of the same power. We also prove several properties of Bernoulli's numbers.


Continuous Measures on Homogenous Spaces

Abstract: In this paper we generalize Wiener's characterization of continuous measures to compact homogenous manifolds. In particular, we give necessary and sufficient conditions on probability measures on compact semisimple Lie groups and nilmanifolds to be continuous. The methods use only simple properties of heat kernels.


Duality questions for operators, spectrum and measures

Abstract: We explore spectral duality in the context of measures in $\br^n$, starting with partial differential operators and Fuglede's question (1974) about the relationship between orthogonal bases of complex exponentials in $L^2(\Omega)$ and tiling properties of $\Omega$, then continuing with affine iterated function systems. We review results in the literature from 1974 up to the present, and we relate them to a general framework for spectral duality for pairs of Borel measures in $\br^n$, formulated first by Jorgensen and Pedersen.


Isometries and spectra of multiplication operators on the Bloch space

Abstract: In this paper, we establish bounds on the norm of multiplication operators on the Bloch space of the unit disk via weighted composition operators. In doing so, we characterize the isometric multiplication operators to be precisely those induced by constant functions of modulus 1. We then describe the spectrum of the multiplication operators in terms of the range of the symbol. Lastly, we identify the isometries and spectra of a particular class of weighted composition operators on the Bloch space.


The Gotzmann Coefficients of Hilbert Functions

Abstract: In this paper we investigate some algebraic and geometric consequences which arise from an extremal bound on the Hilbert function of the general hyperplane section of a variety (Green's Hyperplane Restriction Theorem). These geometric consequences improve some results in this direction first given by Green and extend others by Bigatti, Geramita, and Migliore. Other applications of our detailed investigation of how the Hilbert polynomial is written as a sum of binomials, are to conditions that must be satisfied by a polynomial if it is to be the Hilbert polynomial of a non-degenerate integral subscheme of $\mathbb P^n$ (a problem posed by R. Stanley). We also give some new restrictions on the Hilbert function of a zero dimensional reduced scheme with the Uniform Position Property.


Controlled coarse homology and isoperimetric inequalities

Abstract: We study a coarse homology theory with prescribed growth conditions. For a finitely generated group G with the word length metric this homology theory turns out to be related to amenability of G. We characterize vanishing of a certain fundamental class in our homology in terms of an isoperimetric inequality on G and show that on any group at most linear control is needed for this class to vanish. The latter is a homological version of the classical Burnside problem for infinite groups, with a positive solution. As applications we characterize existence of primitives of the volume form with prescribed growth and show that coarse homology classes obstruct weighted Poincare inequalities.


$H^1$ and dyadic $H^1$

Abstract: In this paper we give a simple proof of the fact that the average over all dyadic lattices of the dyadic $H^1$-norm of a function gives an equivalent $H^1$-norm. The proof we present works for both one-parameter and multi-parameter Hardy spaces. The results of such type are known. The first result (for one-parameter Hardy spces) belongs to Burgess Davis (1980). Also, by duality, such results are equivalent to the "BMO from dyadic BMO" statements proved by Garnett-Jones(1982} for one parameter case, and by Pipher-Ward (2008) for two-parameter case. While the paper generalizes these results to the multi-parameter setting, this is not its main goal. The purpose of the paper is to present an approach leading to a simple proof, which works in both one-parameter and multi-parameter cases. The main idea of treating square function as a Calderon--Zygmind operator is a commonplace in harmonic analysis; the main observation, on which the paper is based, is that one can treat the random dyadic square function this way. After that, all is proved by using the standard and well-known results about Calderon--Zygmind operators in the Hilbert-space-valued setting. As an added bonus, we get a simple proof of the (equivalent by duality) inclusion $\text{BMO}\subset \text{BMO}_d$, $H^1_d \subset H^1$ in the multi-parameter case. Note, that unlike the one-parameter case, the inclusions in the general situation are far from trivial.


On the spectral sequence from Khovanov homology to Heegaard Floer homology

Abstract: Ozsvath and Szabo show that there is a spectral sequence whose E^2 term is the reduced Khovanov homology of L, and which converges to the Heegaard Floer homology of the (orientation reversed) branched double cover of S^3 along L. We prove that the E^k term of this spectral sequence is an invariant of the link L for all k >= 2. If L is a transverse link in the standard tight contact structure on S^3, then we show that Plamenevskaya's transverse invariant psi(L) gives rise to a transverse invariant, psi^k(L), in the E^k term for each k >= 2. We use this fact to compute each term in the spectral sequences associated to the torus knots T(3,4) and T(3,5).


Residuation of Linear Series and The Effective Cone of C_d

Abstract: We obtain new information about divisors on the $d-$th symmetric power $C_{d}$ of a general curve $C$ of genus $g \geq 4.$ This includes a complete description of the effective cone of $C_{g-1}$ and a partial computation of the volume function on one of its non-nef subcones, as well as new bounds for the effective and movable cones of $C_{d}$ in the range $\frac{g+1}{2} \leq d \leq g-2.$ We also obtain, for each $g \geq 5,$ a divisor on $C_{g-1}$ with non-equidimensional stable base locus. For a general hyperelliptic curve $C$ of genus $g,$ we obtain a complete description of the effective cone of $C_{d}$ for $2 \leq d \leq g$ and an integral divisor on $C_{g-1}$ which has non-integral volume whenever $g$ is not a power of 2.


On Hyperelliptic Abelian Functions of Genus 3

Abstract: The affine ring A of the affine Jacobian variety of a hyperelliptic curve of genus 3 is studied as a D-module. The conjecture on the minimal D-free resolution previously proposed is proved in this case. As a by-product a linear basis of A is explicitly constructed in terms of derivatives of Klein's hyperelliptic pe functions.


Abstract: We show that Hilbert schemes for quantum planes are projective.


Nonuniform hyperbolicity for C^1-generic diffeomorphisms

Abstract: We study the ergodic theory of non-conservative C^1-generic diffeomorphisms. First, we show that homoclinic classes of arbitrary diffeomorphisms exhibit ergodic measures whose supports coincide with the homoclinic class. Second, we show that generic (for the weak topology) ergodic measures of C^1-generic diffeomorphisms are nonuniformly hyperbolic: they exhibit no zero Lyapunov exponents. Third, we extend a theorem by Sigmund on hyperbolic basic sets: every isolated transitive set L of any C^1-generic diffeomorphism f exhibits many ergodic hyperbolic measures whose supports coincide with the whole set L. In addition, confirming a claim made by R. Man\'e in 1982, we show that hyperbolic measures whose Oseledets splittings are dominated satisfy Pesin's Stable Manifold Theorem, even if the diffeomorphism is only C^1.


Estimates for singular integrals along surfaces of revolution

Abstract: We prove certain $L^p$ estimates ($1<p<\infty$) for non-isotropic singular integrals along surfaces of revolution. As an application we obtain $L^p$ boundedness of the singular integrals under a sharp size condition on their kernels.


Quadratic pencil of difference equations: Jost solutions, spectrum, and principal vectors

Abstract: In this paper, a quadratic pencil of Schr\"odinger type difference operator $L_{\lambda}$ is taken under investigation to give a general perspective on the spectral analysis of non-selfadjoint difference equations of second order. Introducing Jost-type solutions, structural and quantitative properties of spectrum of the operator $L_{\lambda}$ are analyzed and hence, a discrete analog of the theory in Degasperis, (\emph{J.Math.Phys}. 11: 551--567, 1970) and Bairamov et. al, (\emph{Quaest. Math.} 26: 15--30, 2003) is developed. In addition, several analogies are established between difference and $q$-difference cases. Finally, the principal vectors of $L_{\lambda}$ are introduced to lay a groundwork for the spectral expansion. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 39A10, 39A12, 39A13


Unary Automatic Graphs: An Algorithmic Perspective

Abstract: This paper studies infinite graphs produced from a natural unfolding operation applied to finite graphs. Graphs produced via such operations are of finite degree and automatic over the unary alphabet (that is, they can be described by finite automata over unary alphabet). We investigate algorithmic properties of such unfolded graphs given their finite presentations. In particular, we ask whether a given node belongs to an infinite component, whether two given nodes in the graph are reachable from one another, and whether the graph is connected. We give polynomial-time algorithms for each of these questions. For a fixed input graph, the algorithm for the first question is in constant time and the second question is decided using an automaton that recognizes the reachability relation in a uniform way. Hence, we improve on previous work, in which non-elementary or non-uniform algorithms were found.


Inversion of noisy Radon transform by SVD based needlet

Abstract: A linear method for inverting noisy observations of the Radon transform is developed based on decomposition systems (needlets) with rapidly decaying elements induced by the Radon transform SVD basis. Upper bounds of the risk of the estimator are established in $L^p$ ($1\le p\le \infty$) norms for functions with Besov space smoothness. A practical implementation of the method is given and several examples are discussed.


A Wong-Rosay type theorem for proper holomorphic self-maps

Abstract: We show that the only proper-holomorphic self-maps of bounded domains in C^k whose dynamics escape to a strictly pseudoconvex point of the boundary are automorphisms of the euclidean ball. This is a Wong-Rosay type result for a sequence of maps whose degrees are a priori unbounded.


On an extension of the notion of Reedy category

Abstract: We extend the classical notion of a Reedy category so as to allow non-trivial automorphisms. Our extension includes many important examples occuring in topology such as Segal's category Gamma, or the total category of a crossed simplicial group such as Connes' cyclic category Lambda. For any generalized Reedy category R and any cofibrantly generated model category E, the functor category E^R is shown to carry a canonical model structure of Reedy type.


The dual Hilbert-Samuel function of a Maximal Cohen-Macaulay module

Abstract: Let $R$ be a Cohen-Macaulay local ring with a canonical module $\omega_R$. Let $I$ be an $\m$-primary ideal of $R$ and $M$, a maximal Cohen-Macaulay $R$-module. We call the function $n\longmapsto \ell (\Hom_R(M,{\omega_R}/{I^{n+1} \omega_R}))$ the dual Hilbert-Samuel function of $M$ with respect to $I$. By a result of Theodorescu this function is a polynomial function. We study its first two normalized coefficients.


Lyapunov spectrum for rational maps

Abstract: We study the dimension spectrum of Lyapunov exponents for rational maps on the Riemann sphere.


The colorful Helly theorem and colorful resolutions of ideals

Abstract: We demonstrate that the topological Helly theorem and the algebraic Auslander-Buchsbaum may be viewed as different versions of the same phenomenon. Using this correspondence we show how the colorful Helly theorem of I.Barany and its generalizations by G.Kalai and R.Meshulam translates to the algebraic side. Our main results are algebraic generalizations of these translations, which in particular gives a syzygetic version of Hellys theorem.


On phase segregation in nonlocal two-particle Hartree systems

Abstract: We prove the phase segregation phenomenon to occur in the ground state solutions of an interacting system of two self-coupled repulsive Hartree equations for large nonlinear and nonlocal interactions. A self-consistent numerical investigation visualizes the approach to this segregated regime.


Strongly closed subgroups of finite groups

Abstract: This paper gives a complete classification of the finite groups that contain a strongly closed p-subgroup for p any prime.


The equivariant K-theory of toric varieties

Abstract: This paper contains two results concerning the equivariant K-theory of toric varieties. The first is a formula for the equivariant K-groups of an arbitrary affine toric variety, generalizing the known formula for smooth ones. In fact, this result is established in a more general context, involving the K-theory of graded projective modules. The second result is a new proof of a theorem due to Vezzosi and Vistoli concerning the equivariant K-theory of smooth (not necessarily affine) toric varieties.


Resolvent estimates for operators belonging to exponential classes

Abstract: For $a,\alpha>0$ let $E(a,\alpha)$ be the set of all compact operators $A$ on a separable Hilbert space such that $s_n(A)=O(\exp(-an^\alpha))$, where $s_n(A)$ denotes the $n$-th singular number of $A$. We provide upper bounds for the norm of the resolvent $(zI-A)^{-1}$ of $A$ in terms of a quantity describing the departure from normality of $A$ and the distance of $z$ to the spectrum of $A$. As a consequence we obtain upper bounds for the Hausdorff distance of the spectra of two operators in $E(a,\alpha)$.


On extensions of covariantly finite subcategories

Abstract: In \cite{GT}, Gentle and Todorov proved that in an abelian category with enough projective objects, the extension subcategory of two covariantly finite subcategories is still covariantly finite. We give an counterexample to show that Gentle-Todorov's theorem may fail in arbitrary abelian categories; we also prove that a triangulated version of Gentle-Todorov's theorem holds; we make applications of Gentle-Todorov's theorem to obtain short proofs to a classical result by Ringel and a recent result by Krause and Solberg.


Initial-Boundary Value Problems for Parabolic Equations

Abstract: We prove new existence and uniqueness results for weak solutions to non-homogeneous initial-boundary value problems for parabolic equations modeled on the evolution of the p-Laplacian.


Tannaka duality for proper Lie groupoids

Abstract: The main contribution of this thesis is a Tannaka duality theorem for proper Lie groupoids. This result is obtained by replacing the category of smooth vector bundles over the base manifold of a Lie groupoid with a larger category, the category of smooth Euclidean fields, and by considering smooth actions of Lie groupoids on smooth Euclidean fields. The notion of smooth Euclidean field that is introduced here is the smooth, finite dimensional analogue of the familiar notion of continuous Hilbert field. In the second part of the thesis, ordinary smooth representations of Lie groupoids on smooth vector bundles are systematically studied from the point of view of Tannaka duality, and various results are obtained in this direction.


Christoffel words and Markoff triples

Abstract: Markoff triples are parametrized uniquely by Christoffel words.


Structure computation and discrete logarithms in finite abelian p-groups

Abstract: We present a generic algorithm for computing discrete logarithms in a finite abelian p-group H, improving the Pohlig-Hellman algorithm and its generalization to noncyclic groups by Teske. We then give a direct method to compute a basis for H without using a relation matrix. The problem of computing a basis for some or all of the Sylow p-subgroups of an arbitrary finite abelian group G is addressed, yielding a Monte Carlo algorithm to compute the structure of G using O(|G|^0.5) group operations. These results also improve generic algorithms for extracting pth roots in G.


G-biliaison of ladder Pfaffian varieties

Abstract: The ideals generated by pfaffians of mixed size contained in a subladder of a skew-symmetric matrix of indeterminates define arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay, projectively normal, reduced and irreducible projective varieties. We show that these varieties belong to the G-biliaison class of a complete intersection. In particular, they are glicci.


Quotients of products of curves, new surfaces with $p_g=0$ and their fundamental groups

Abstract: The first main purpose of this paper is to contribute to the existing knowledge about the complex projective surfaces $S$ of general type with $p_g(S) = 0$ and their moduli spaces, constructing 19 new families of such surfaces with hitherto unknown fundamental groups. We also provide a table containing all the known such surfaces with K^2 <=7. Our second main purpose is to describe in greater generality the fundamental groups of smooth projective varieties which occur as the minimal resolutions of the quotient of a product of curves by the action of a finite group. We classify, in the two dimensional case, all the surfaces with q=p_g = 0 obtained as the minimal resolution of such a quotient, having rational double points as singularities. We show that all these surfaces give evidence to the Bloch conjecture.


Sub-exponentially localized kernels and frames induced by orthogonal expansions

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to construct sup-exponentially localized kernels and frames in the context of classical orthogonal expansions, namely, expansions in Jacobi polynomials, spherical harmonics, orthogonal polynomials on the ball and simplex, and Hermite and Laguerre functions.


Model Theoretic Complexity of Automatic Structures

Abstract: We study the complexity of automatic structures via well-established concepts from both logic and model theory, including ordinal heights (of well-founded relations), Scott ranks of structures, and Cantor-Bendixson ranks (of trees). We prove the following results: 1) The ordinal height of any automatic well- founded partial order is bounded by \omega^\omega ; 2) The ordinal heights of automatic well-founded relations are unbounded below the first non-computable ordinal; 3) For any computable ordinal there is an automatic structure of Scott rank at least that ordinal. Moreover, there are automatic structures of Scott rank the first non-computable ordinal and its successor; 4) For any computable ordinal, there is an automatic successor tree of Cantor-Bendixson rank that ordinal.


Three Lectures on Automatic Structures

Abstract: This paper grew out of three tutorial lectures on automatic structures given by the first author at the Logic Colloquium 2007. We discuss variants of automatic structures related to several models of computation: word automata, tree automata, Buchi automata, and Rabin automata. Word automata process finite strings, tree automata process finite labeled trees, Buchi automata process infinite strings, and Rabin automata process infinite binary labeled trees. Automatic structures are mathematical objects which can be represented by (word, tree, Buchi, or Rabin) automata. The study of properties of automatic structures is a relatively new and very active area of research.


On the isometric composition operators on the Bloch space in $\mathbb{C}^n$

Abstract: Let $\varphi$ be a holomorphic self-map of a bounded homogeneous domain $D$ in $\mathbb{C}^n$. In this work, we show that the composition operator $C_\varphi: f\mapsto f\circ \varphi$ is bounded on the Bloch space $\mathcal{B}$ of the domain and provide estimates on its operator norm. We also give a sufficient condition for $\varphi$ to induce an isometry on $\cal{B}$. This condition allows us to construct non-trivial examples of isometric composition operators in the case when $D$ has the unit disk as a factor. We then obtain some necessary conditions for $C_\varphi$ to be an isometry on $\cal{B}$ when $D$ is a Cartan classical domain. Finally, we give the complete description of the spectrum of the isometric composition operators in the case of the unit disk and for a wide class of symbols on the polydisk.


Superstable groups acting on trees

Abstract: We study superstable groups acting on trees. We prove that an action of an $\omega$-stable group on a simplicial tree is trivial. This shows that an HNN-extension or a nontrivial free product with amalgamation is not $\omega$-stable. It is also shown that if $G$ is a superstable group acting nontrivially on a $\Lambda$-tree, where $\Lambda=\mathbb Z$ or $\Lambda=\mathbb R$, and if $G$ is either $\alpha$-connected and $\Lambda=\mathbb Z$, or if the action is irreducible, then $G$ interprets a simple group having a nontrivial action on a $\Lambda$-tree. In particular if $G$ is superstable and splits as $G=G_1*_AG_2$, with the index of $A$ in $G_1$ different from 2, then $G$ interprets a simple superstable non $\omega$-stable group. We will deal with "minimal" superstable groups of finite Lascar rank acting nontrivially on $\Lambda$-trees, where $\Lambda=\mathbb Z$ or $\Lambda=\mathbb R$. We show that such groups $G$ have definable subgroups $H_1 \lhd H_2 \lhd G$, $H_2$ is of finite index in $G$, such that if $H_1$ is not nilpotent-by-finite then any action of $H_1$ on a $\Lambda$-tree is trivial, and $H_2/H_1$ is either soluble or simple and acts nontrivially on a $\Lambda$-tree. We are interested particularly in the case where $H_2/H_1$ is simple and we show that $H_2/H_1$ has some properties similar to those of bad groups.


Hodge spectrum of hyperplane arrangements

Abstract: In this article there are two main results. The first result gives a formula, in terms of a log resolution, for the graded pieces of the Hodge filtration on the cohomology of a unitary local system of rank one on the complement of an arbitrary divisor in a smooth projective complex variety. The second result is an application of the first. We give a combinatorial formula for the spectrum of a hyperplane arrangement. M. Saito recently proved that the spectrum of a hyperplane arrangement depends only on combinatorics. However, a combinatorial formula was missing. The formula is achieved by a different method.


Scaling limit for a drainage network model

Abstract: We consider the two dimensional version of a drainage network model introduced by Gangopadhyay, Roy and Sarkar, and show that the appropriately rescaled family of its paths converges in distribution to the Brownian web. We do so by verifying the convergence criteria proposed by Fontes, Isopi, Newman and Ravishankar.


Boundedness on inhomogeneous Lipschitz spaces of fractional integrals, singular integrals and hypersingular integrals associated to non-doubling measures

Abstract: In the context of a finite measure metric space whose measure satisfies a growth condition, we prove "T1" type necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of fractional integrals, singular integrals, and hypersingular integrals on inhomogeneous Lipschitz spaces. We also indicate how the results can be extended to the case of infinite measure. Finally we show applications to Real and Complex Analysis.


A note on gaps

Abstract: Let $p_{k}$ denote the $k$-th prime and $d(p_{k}) = p_{k} - p_{k - 1}$, the difference between consecutive primes. We denote by $N_{\epsilon}(x)$ the number of primes $\leq x$ which satisfy the inequality $d(p_{k}) \leq (\log p_{k})^{2 + \epsilon}$, where $\epsilon > 0$ is arbitrary and fixed, and by $\pi(x)$ the number of primes less than or equal to $x$. In this paper, we first prove a theorem that $\lim_{x \to \infty} N_{\epsilon}(x)/\pi(x) = 1$. A corollary to the proof of the theorem concerning gaps between consecutive squarefree numbers is stated.


Angles as probabilities

Abstract: We use a probabilistic interpretation of solid angles to generalize the well-known fact that the inner angles of a triangle sum to 180 degrees. For the 3-dimensional case, we show that the sum of the solid inner vertex angles of a tetrahedron T, divided by 2*pi, gives the probability that an orthogonal projection of T onto a random 2-plane is a triangle. More generally, it is shown that the sum of the (solid) inner vertex angles of an n-simplex S, normalized by the area of the unit (n-1)-hemisphere, gives the probability that an orthogonal projection of S onto a random hyperplane is an (n-1)-simplex. Applications to more general polytopes are treated briefly, as is the related Perles-Shephard proof of the classical Gram-Euler relations.


Multitransgression and regulators

Abstract: In a parallel way to the work of Wang, we define higher order characteristic classes associated with the Chern character, generalizing the work of Bott-Chern and Gillet-Soul\'e on secondary characteristic classes. Our formalism is simplicial and the computations are easier. As a consequence, we obtain the comparison of Borel and Beilinson regulators and an explicit formula for the real single-valued function associated with the Grasmannian polylogarithm.


Convergence of symmetric trap models in the hypercube

Abstract: We consider symmetric trap models in the d-dimensional hypercube whose ordered mean waiting times, seen as weights of a measure in the natural numbers, converge to a finite measure as d diverges, and show that the models suitably represented converge to a K process as d diverges. We then apply this result to get K processes as the scaling limits of the REM-like trap model and the Random Hopping Times dynamics for the Random Energy Model in the hypercube in time scales corresponding to the ergodic regime for these dynamics.


Averaged large deviations for random walk in a random environment

Abstract: In his 2003 paper, Varadhan proves the averaged large deviation principle for the mean velocity of a particle taking a nearest-neighbor random walk in a uniformly elliptic i.i.d. environment on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ with $d\geq1$, and gives a variational formula for the corresponding rate function $I_a$. Under Sznitman's transience condition (T), we show that $I_a$ is strictly convex and analytic on a non-empty open set $\mathcal{A}$, and that the true velocity of the particle is an element (resp. in the boundary) of $\mathcal{A}$ when the walk is non-nestling (resp. nestling). We then identify the unique minimizer of Varadhan's variational formula at any velocity in $\mathcal{A}$.


Expressions for Catalan Kronecker Products

Abstract: We give some elementary manifestly positive formulae for the Kronecker products s_(d,d) * s_(d+k,d-k) and s_(d,d) * s_(2d-k,1^k). These formulae demonstrate some fundamental properties of the Kronecker coefficients, and we use them to deduce a number of enumerative and combinatorial results.


Double Hall algebras and derived equivalences

Abstract: We show that the reduced Drinfeld double of the Ringel-Hall algebra of a hereditary category is invariant under derived equivalences. By associating an explicit isomorphism to a given derived equivalence, we also extend the results of [BS1], [BS2], [SVdB], and [XY].


Global rough solutions to the cubic nonlinear Boussinesq equation

Abstract: We prove that the initial value problem (IVP) for the cubic defocusing nonlinear Boussinesq equation $u_{tt}-u_{xx}+u_{xxxx}-(|u|^2u)_{xx}=0$ on the real line is globally well-posed in $H^{s}(\R)$ provided $2/3<s<1$.


Dynamics of Asymptotically Hyperbolic Manifolds

Abstract: We prove a dynamical wave trace formula for asymptotically hyperbolic (n+1) dimensional manifolds with negative (but not necessarily constant) sectional curvatures which equates the renormalized wave trace to the lengths of closed geodesics. A corollary of this dynamical trace formula is a dynamical resonance-wave trace formula for compact perturbations of convex co-compact hyperbolic manifolds which we use to prove a growth estimate for the length spectrum counting function. We next define a dynamical zeta function and prove its analyticity in a half plane. In our main result, we produce a prime orbit theorem for the geodesic flow. This is the first such result for manifolds which have neither constant curvature nor finite volume. As a corollary to the prime orbit theorem, using our dynamical resonance-wave trace formula, we show that the existence of pure point spectrum for the Laplacian on negatively curved compact perturbations of convex co-compact hyperbolic manifolds is related to the dynamics of the geodesic flow.


On inequivalent factorizations of a cycle

Abstract: We introduce a bijection between inequivalent minimal factorizations of the n-cycle (1 2 ... n) into a product of smaller cycles of given length, on one side, and trees of a certain structure on the other. We use this bijection to count the factorizations with a given number of different commuting factors that can appear in the first and in the last positions, a problem which has found applications in physics. We also provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a set of cycles to be arrangeable into a product evaluating to (1 2 ... n).


Pythagorean Partition-Regularity and Ordered Triple Systems with the Sum Property

Abstract: Is it possible to color the naturals with finitely many colors so that no Pythagorean triple is monochromatic? This question is even open for two colors. A natural strategy is to show that some small nonbipartite triple systems cannot be realized as a family of Pythagorean triples. It suffices to consider partial triple systems (PTS's), and it is therefore natural to consider the Fano plane, the smallest nonbipartite PTS. We show that the Pythagorean triples do not contain any Fano plane. In fact, our main result is that a much larger family of "ordered" triple systems (viz. those with a certain "sum property") do not contain any Steiner triple system (STS).


Theta Bodies for Polynomial Ideals

Abstract: Inspired by a question of Lov\'asz, we introduce a hierarchy of nested semidefinite relaxations of the convex hull of real solutions to an arbitrary polynomial ideal, called theta bodies of the ideal. For the stable set problem in a graph, the first theta body in this hierarchy is exactly Lov\'asz's theta body of the graph. We prove that theta bodies are, up to closure, a version of Lasserre's relaxations for real solutions to ideals, and that they can be computed explicitly using combinatorial moment matrices. Theta bodies provide a new canonical set of semidefinite relaxations for the max cut problem. For vanishing ideals of finite point sets, we give several equivalent characterizations of when the first theta body equals the convex hull of the points. We also determine the structure of the first theta body for all ideals.


Elliptic curves with maximal Galois action on their torsion points

Abstract: Given an elliptic curve E over a number field k, the Galois action on the torsion points of E induces a Galois representation, \rho_E : Gal(\bar{k}/k) \to GL_2(\hat{Z}). For a fixed number field k, we describe the image of \rho_E for a "random" elliptic curve E over k. In particular, if k\neq Q is linearly disjoint from the cyclotomic extension of Q, then \rho_E will be surjective for "most" elliptic curves over k.


Stein Block Thresholding For Image Denoising

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the minimax properties of Stein block thresholding in any dimension $d$ with a particular emphasis on $d=2$. Towards this goal, we consider a frame coefficient space over which minimaxity is proved. The choice of this space is inspired by the characterization provided in \cite{BorupNielsen} of family of smoothness spaces on $\mathbb{R}^d$, a subclass of so-called decomposition spaces \cite{Feichtinger}. These smoothness spaces cover the classical case of Besov spaces, as well as smoothness spaces corresponding to curvelet-type constructions. Our main theoretical result investigates the minimax rates over these decomposition spaces, and shows that our block estimator can achieve the optimal minimax rate, or is at least nearly-minimax (up to a $\log$ factor) in the least favorable situation. Another contribution is that the minimax rates given here are stated for a general noise sequence model in the transform coefficient domain beyond the usual i.i.d. Gaussian case. The choice of the threshold parameter is theoretically discussed and its optimal value is stated for some noise models such as the (non-necessarily i.i.d.) Gaussian case. We provide a simple, fast and a practical procedure. We also report a comprehensive simulation study to support our theoretical findings. The practical performance of our Stein block denoising compares very favorably to the BLS-GSM state-of-the art denoising algorithm on a large set of test images. A toolbox is made available for download on the Internet to reproduce the results discussed in this paper.


Generalized Calogero-Moser systems from rational Cherednik algebras

Abstract: We consider ideals of polynomials vanishing on the W-orbits of the intersections of mirrors of a finite reflection group W. We determine all such ideals which are invariant under the action of the corresponding rational Cherednik algebra hence form submodules in the polynomial module. We show that a quantum integrable system can be defined for every such ideal for a real reflection group W. This leads to known and new integrable systems of Calogero-Moser type which we explicitly specify. In the case of classical Coxeter groups we also obtain generalized Calogero-Moser systems with added quadratic potential.


A Kurosh-Type Theorem for Type III Factors

Abstract: We prove a generalization of N. Ozawa's Kurosh-type theorem to the setting of free products of semiexact II_1 factors with respect to arbitrary (non-tracial) faithful normal states. We are thus able to distinguish certain resulting type III factors. For example, if M = LF_n \otimes LF_m and {\phi_i} is any sequence of faithful normal states on M, then the l-various (M,\phi_1) * ... * (M,\phi_l) are all mutually non-isomorphic.


Perfect simulation and finitary coding for multicolor systems with interactions of infinite range

Abstract: We consider a particle system on $Z^d$ with finite state space and interactions of infinite range. Assuming that the rate of change is continuous and decays sufficiently fast, we introduce a perfect simulation algorithm for the stationary process. The algorithm follows from a representation of the multicolor system as a finitary coding from a sequence of independent uniform random variables. This implies that the process is exponentially ergodic. The basic tool we use is a representation of the infinite range change rates as a mixture of finite range change rates.


Growth of rank 1 valuation semigroups

Abstract: We consider the question of which semigroups can occur as the semigroup $S_R(\nu)$ of positive values of a rank 1 valuation dominating a Noetherian local ring $R$. We give a number of bounds of polynomial type on the growth of $\phi(n)=S_R(\nu)\cap (0,n)$ for $n\in\NN$, starting with the upper bound of $P_R(n)$, where $P_R(n)$ is the Hilbert function of $R$. This bound is generalized to an extremely general bound for arbitrary rank valuations in the paper "Semigroups of valuations on local rings, II", by Cutkosky and Teissier, arXiv:0805.3788. This bound is already enough to give simple examples of rank 1 well ordered semigroups which are not the value semigroup $S_R(\nu)$ of a valuation dominating a Noetherian local ring. In the case of rank 1, it is possible to give more precise estimates of $\phi(n)$, which we prove in this paper. We also give examples showing that many different rates of growth are possible for $\phi(n)$ on a regular local ring of dimension 2, such as $n({\alpha}$ for any rational $\alpha$ with $1\le\alpha\le 2$, and $n{log}(n)$.


Shrinking Point Bifurcations of Resonance Tongues for Piecewise-Smooth, Continuous Maps

Abstract: Resonance tongues are mode-locking regions of parameter space in which stable periodic solutions occur; they commonly occur, for example, near Neimark-Sacker bifurcations. For piecewise-smooth, continuous maps these tongues typically have a distinctive lens-chain (or sausage) shape in two-parameter bifurcation diagrams. We give a symbolic description of a class of "rotational" periodic solutions that display lens-chain structures for a general $N$-dimensional map. We then unfold the codimension-two, shrinking point bifurcation, where the tongues have zero width. A number of codimension-one bifurcation curves emanate from shrinking points and we determine those that form tongue boundaries.


On the linear wave regime of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation

Abstract: We study a long wave-length asymptotics for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation corresponding to perturbation of a constant state of modulus one. We exhibit lower bounds on the first occurence of possible zeros (vortices) and compare the solutions with the corresponding solutions to the linear wave equation or variants. The results rely on the use of the Madelung transform, which yields the hydrodynamical form of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, as well as of an augmented system.


Noncommutative determinants, Cauchy-Binet formulae, and Capelli-type identities. I. Generalizations of the Capelli and Turnbull identities

Abstract: We prove, by simple manipulation of commutators, two noncommutative generalizations of the Cauchy-Binet formula for the determinant of a product. As special cases we obtain elementary proofs of the Capelli identity from classical invariant theory and of Turnbull's Capelli-type identities for symmetric and antisymmetric matrices.


Bifurcation from a normally degenerate manifold

Abstract: Local bifurcation theory typically deals with the response of a degenerate but isolated equilibrium state or periodic orbit of a dynamical system to perturbations controlled by one or more independent parameters, and characteristically uses tools from singularity theory. There are many situations, however, in which the equilibrium state or periodic orbit is not isolated but belongs to a manifold $S$ of such states, typically as a result of continuous symmetries in the problem. In this case the bifurcation analysis requires a combination of local and global methods, and is most tractable in the case of normal nondegeneracy, that is when the degeneracy is only along $S$ itself and the system is nondegenerate in directions normal to $S$. In this paper we consider the consequences of relaxing normal nondegeneracy, which can generically occur within 1-parameter families of such systems. We pay particular attention to the simplest but important case where $\dim S=1$ and where the normal degeneracy occurs with corank 1. Our main focus is on uniform degeneracy along $S$, although we also consider aspects of the branching structure for solutions when the degeneracy varies at different places on $S$. The tools are those of singularity theory adapted to global topology of $S$, which allow us to explain the bifurcation geometry in natural way. In particular, we extend and give a clear geometric setting for earlier analytical results of Hale and Taboas.


Optimal L$^1$-bounds for submartingales

Abstract: The optimal function $f$ satisfying $$ \mathbb{E} |\sum_{1}^n X_i | \ge f(\mathrbb{E}|X_1|,...,\mathbb{E}|X_n|) $$ for every martingale $(X_1,X_1+X_2, ...,\sum_{i=1}^n X_i)$ is shown to be given by $$ f(a) = \max \Big\{a_k-\sum_{i=1}^{k-1} a_i\Big\}_{k=1}^n \cup \Big\{\frac {a_k}2\Big\}_{k=3}^n $$ for $a\in{[0,\infty[}^n_{}$. A similar result is obtained for submartingales $(0,X_1,X_1+X_2,..., \sum_{i=1}^n X_i)$. The optimality proofs use a convex-analytic comparison lemma of independent interest.


Large time behavior of differential equations with drifted periodic coefficients modeling Carbon storage in soil

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the linear ODE in the form $y'(t)=\lambda\rho(t)y(t)+b(t)$, $\lambda <0$ which represents a simplified storage model of the carbon in the soil. In the first part, we show that, for a periodic function $\rho(t)$, a linear drift in the coefficient $b(t)$ involves a linear drift for the solution of this ODE. In the second part, we extend the previous results to a classical heat non-homogeneous equation. The connection with an analytic semi-group associated to the ODE equation is considered in the third part. Numerical examples are given.


Comparing Absolute and relative Gromov--Witten invariants

Abstract: This note compares the usual (absolute) Gromov-Witten invariants of a symplectic manifold with the invariants that count the curves relative to a (symplectic) divisor D. We give explicit examples where these invariants differ even though it seems at first that they should agree, for example when counting genus zero curves in a class \be such that \be\cdot D=0. The main tool is the decomposition formula in the form developed by A. Li--Ruan.


Spatial Markov Semigroups Admit Hudson-Parthasarathy Dilations

Abstract: We present, for the first time, the result (from 2008) that (normal, strongly continuous) Markov semigroups on $\mathscr{B}(G)$ ($G$ a separable Hilbert space) admit a Hudson-Parthasarathy dilation (that is, a dilation to a cocycle perturbation of a noise) if and only if the Markov semigroup is spatial (that is, if it dominates an elementary CP-semigroup). The proof is by general abstract nonsense (taken from Arveson's classification of $E_0$-semigroups on $\mathscr{B}(H)$ by Arveson systems up to cocycle conjugacy) and not, as usual, by constructing the cocycle as a solution of a quantum stochastic differential equation in the sense of Hudson and Parthasarathy. All other results that make similar statements (especially, [Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 240 (2016), vi+126 pages, arXiv:0901.1798]) for more general $C^*$-algebras) have been proved later by suitable adaptations of the methods exposed here. (They use Hilbert module techniques, which we carefully avoid here in order to make the result available without any appeal to Hilbert modules.)


On the sum of the squared multiplicities of the distances in a point set over finite fields

Abstract: We study a finite analog of a conjecture of Erd\"os on the sum of the squared multiplicities of the distances determined by an $n$-element point set. Our result is based on an estimate of the number of hinges in spectral graphs.


On the K-theory of truncated polynomial algebras over the integers

Abstract: We show that the K_{2i}(Z[x]/(x^m),(x)) is finite of order (mi)!(i!)^{m-2} and that K_{2i+1}(Z[x]/(x^m),(x)) is free abelian of rank m-1. This is accomplished by showing that the equivariant homotopy groups of the topological Hochschild spectrum THH(Z) are finite, in odd degrees, and free abelian, in even degrees, and by evaluating their orders and ranks, respectively.


An inequality for Kruskal-Macaulay functions

Abstract: Given integers $k\geq1$ and $n\geq0$, there is a unique way of writing $n$ as $n=\binom{n_{k}}{k}+\binom{n_{k-1}}{k-1}+...+\binom{n_{1}}{1}$ so that $0\leq n_{1}<...<n_{k-1}<n_{k}$. Using this representation, the \emph{Kruskal-Macaulay function of}$n$ is defined as $\partial^{k}(n) =\binom{n_{k}-1}{k-1}+\binom{n_{k-1}-1}{k-2}+...+\binom{n_{1}-1}% {0}.$ We show that if $a\geq0$ and $a<\partial^{k+1}(n) $, then $\partial^{k}(a) +\partial^{k+1}(n-a) \geq \partial^{k+1}(n) .$ As a corollary, we obtain a short proof of Macaulay's Theorem. Other previously known results are obtained as direct consequences.


Solutions to 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid

Abstract: This article is an updated version of the article that was published in the Electronic Journal of Differential Equations on 10. July 2010. Two footnotes have been added. One corrects a minor error not influencing the proof, the second is only a clarifying text to the existing proof. A discussion how the published article solves the Clay Millennium Prize problem on the Navier-Stokes equations is added, the critizism against the published article is answered and a discussion how the Clay problem statement should be corrected is included. The article gives explicit solutions to the space-periodic Navier-Stokes problem with non-periodic pressure. These type of solutions are not unique and by using such solutions one can construct a periodic, smooth, divergence-free initial vector field allowing a space-periodic and time-bounded external force such that there exists a smooth solution to the 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid with those initial conditions, but the solution cannot be continued to the whole space.


Strong Lefschetz elements of the coinvariant rings of finite Coxeter groups

Abstract: For the coinvariant rings of finite Coxeter groups of types other than H$_4$, we show that a homogeneous element of degree one is a strong Lefschetz element if and only if it is not fixed by any reflections. We also give the necessary and sufficient condition for strong Lefschetz elements in the invariant subrings of the coinvariant rings of Weyl groups.


Symmetries in Images on Ancient Seals

Abstract: We discuss the presence of symmetries in images engraved on ancient seals, in particular on stamp seals. Used to stamp decorations, to secure the containers from tampering and for owner's identification, we can find seals that can be dated from Neolithic times. Earliest seals were engraved with lines, dots and spirals. Nevertheless, these very ancient stamp seals, in the small circular or ovoid space of their bases, possess bilateral and rotational symmetries. The shape of the base seems to determine the symmetries of images engraved on it. We will also discuss what could be the meaning of antisymmetry and broken symmetry for images on seals.


Infinitesimal rigidity of a compact hyperbolic 4-orbifold with totally geodesic boundary

Abstract: Kerckhoff and Storm conjectured that compact hyperbolic n-orbifolds with totally geodesic boundary are infinitesimally rigid when n>3. This paper verifies this conjecture for a specific example based on the 4-dimensional hyperbolic 120-cell.


Surgery in codimension 3 and the Browder--Livesay invariants

Abstract: The inertia subgroup $I_n(\pi)$ of a surgery obstruction group $L_n(\pi)$ is generated by elements which act trivially on the set of homotopy triangulations $\Cal S(X)$ for some closed topological manifold $X^{n-1}$ with $\pi_1(X)=\pi$. This group is a subgroup of the group $C_n(\pi)$ which consists of the elements which can be realized by normal maps of closed manifolds. In all known cases these groups coincide and the computation of them is one of the basic problems of surgery theory. The computation of the group $C_n(\pi)$ is equivalent to the computation the image of the assembly map $A:H_{n}(B\pi, \bold L_{\bullet})\to L_{n}(\pi)$. Every Browder-Livesay filtration of the manifold $X$ provides a collection of Browder-Livesay invariants which are the forbidden invariants in the closed manifold surgery problem. In the present paper we describe all possible forbidden invariants which can give a Browder-Livesay filtration for computing the inertia subgroup. Our approach is a natural generalization of the approach of Hambleton and Kharshiladze. More precisely, we prove that a Browder-Livesay filtration of a given manifold can give the following forbidden invariants for an element $x\in L_n(\pi_1(X))$ to belong to the subgroup $I_n(\pi)$: the nontrivial Browder-Livesay invariants in codimensions 0, 1, 2 and a nontrivial class of obstructions of a restriction of a normal map to a submanifold in codimension 3.


Abelian categories versus abelian 2-categories

Abstract: Recently Dupont proved that the categories of discrete and codiscrete (or connected) objects in an abelian 2-category are equivalent abelian categories. He posses also a question whether any abelian category comes in this way. We will give a rather trivial solution of this problem in the case when a given abelian category has enough projective or injective objects.


A class of Solvable Lie algebras

Abstract: All finite-dimensional indecomposable solvable Lie algebras g, having the filiform Lie algebra Q_(2m+1) as the nilradical, are studied and classified. It turns out that the dimension of g is at most dimQ_(2m+1)+2.


Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov bundles are topologically trivial

Abstract: We prove that the vector bundles at the core of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov and quantum constructions of braid groups representations are topologically trivial bundles. We provide partial generalizations of this result to generalized braid groups. A crucial intermediate result is that the representation ring of the symmetric group on n letters is generated by the alternating powers of its natural n-dimensional representation.


Isothermic hypersurfaces in R^{n+1}

Abstract: A diagonal metric sum_{i=1}^n g_{ii} dx_i^2 is termed Guichard_k if sum_{i=1}^{n-k}g_{ii}-sum_{i=n-k+1}^n g_{ii}=0. A hypersurface in R^{n+1} is isothermic_k if it admits line of curvature co-ordinates such that its induced metric is Guichard_k. Isothermic_1 surfaces in R^3 are the classical isothermic surfaces in R^3. Both isothermic_k hypersurfaces in R^{n+1} and Guichard_k orthogonal co-ordinate systems on R^n are invariant under conformal transformations. A sequence of n isothermic_k hypersurfaces in R^{n+1} (Guichard_k orthogonal co-ordinate systems on R^n resp.) is called a Combescure sequence if the consecutive hypersurfaces (orthogonal co-ordinate systems resp.) are related by Combescure transformations. We give a correspondence between Combescure sequences of Guichard_k orthogonal co-ordinate systems on R^n and solutions of the O(2n-k,k)/O(n)xO(n-k,k)-system, and a correspondence between Combescure sequences of isothermic_k hypersurfaces in R^{n+1} and solutions of the O(2n+1-k,k)/O(n+1)xO(n-k,k)-system, both being integrable systems. Methods from soliton theory can therefore be used to construct Christoffel, Ribaucour, and Lie transforms, and to describe the moduli spaces of these geometric objects and their loop group symmetries.


Symplectic Reconstruction of Data for Heat and Wave Equations

Abstract: This report concerns the inverse problem of estimating a spacially dependent coefficient of a partial differential equation from observations of the solution at the boundary. Such a problem can be formulated as an optimal control problem with the coefficient as the control variable and the solution as state variable. The heat or the wave equation is here considered as state equation. It is well known that such inverse problems are ill-posed and need to be regularized. The powerful Hamilton-Jacobi theory is used to construct a simple and general method where the first step is to analytically regularize the Hamiltonian; next its Hamiltonian system, a system of nonlinear partial differential equations, is solved with the Newton method and a sparse Jacobian.


On congruences mod ${\mathfrak p}^m$ between eigenforms and their attached Galois representations

Abstract: Given a prime $p$ and cusp forms $f_1$ and $f_2$ on some $\Gamma_1(N)$ that are eigenforms outside $Np$ and have coefficients in the ring of integers of some number field $K$, we consider the problem of deciding whether $f_1$ and $f_2$ have the same eigenvalues mod ${\mathfrak p}^m$ (where ${\mathfrak p}$ is a fixed prime of $K$ over $p$) for Hecke operators $T_{\ell}$ at all primes $\ell\nmid Np$. When the weights of the forms are equal the problem is easily solved via an easy generalization of a theorem of Sturm. Thus, the main challenge in the analysis is the case where the forms have different weights. Here, we prove a number of necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of congruences mod ${\mathfrak p}^m$ in the above sense. The prime motivation for this study is the connection to modular mod ${\mathfrak p}^m$ Galois representations, and we also explain this connection.


Handlebody-preserving finite group actions on Haken manifolds with Heegaard genus two

Abstract: Let $M$ be a closed orientable 3-manifold with a genus two Heegaard splitting $(V_1, V_2; F)$ and a non-trivial JSJ-decomposition, where all components of the intersection of the JSJ-tori and $V_i$ are not $\partial$-parallel in $V_i$ for $i=1,2$. If $G$ is a finite group of orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms acting on $M$ which preserves each handlebody of the Heegaard splitting and each piece of the JSJ-decomposition of $M$, then $G\cong \mathbb{Z}_2$ or $\mathbb{D}_2$ if $V_j\cap(\cup T_i)$ consists of at most two disks or at most two annuli.


Banach Spaces of Bounded Szlenk Index II

Abstract: For every $\alpha<\omega_1$ we establish the existence of a separable Banach space whose Szlenk index is $\omega^{\alpha\omega+1}$ and which is universal for all separable Banach spaces whose Szlenk-index does not exceed $\omega^{\alpha\omega}$. In order to prove that result we provide an intrinsic characterization of which Banach spaces embed into a space admitting an FDD with upper estimates.


W-algebras related to parafermion algebras

Abstract: We study a W-algebra of central charge 2(k-1)/(k+2) with k a positive integer greater than 1


A dispersive bound for three-dimensional Schroedinger operators with zero energy eigenvalues

Abstract: We prove a dispersive estimate for the evolution of Schroedinger operators $H = -\Delta + V(x)$ in ${\mathbb R}^3$. The potential is allowed to be a complex-valued function belonging to $L^p(\R^3)\cap L^q(\R^3)$, $p < \frac32 < q$, so that $H$ need not be self-adjoint or even symmetric. Some additional spectral conditions are imposed, namely that no resonances of $H$ exist anywhere within the interval $[0,\infty)$ and that eigenfunctions at zero (including generalized eigenfunctions) decay rapidly enough to be integrable.


Polynomial two-parameter eigenvalue problems and matrix pencil methods for stability of delay-differential equations

Abstract: Several recent methods used to analyze asymptotic stability of delay-differential equations (DDEs) involve determining the eigenvalues of a matrix, a matrix pencil or a matrix polynomial constructed by Kronecker products. Despite some similarities between the different types of these so-called matrix pencil methods, the general ideas used as well as the proofs differ considerably. Moreover, the available theory hardly reveals the relations between the different methods. In this work, a different derivation of various matrix pencil methods is presented using a unifying framework of a new type of eigenvalue problem: the polynomial two-parameter eigenvalue problem, of which the quadratic two-parameter eigenvalue problem is a special case. This framework makes it possible to establish relations between various seemingly different methods and provides further insight in the theory of matrix pencil methods. We also recognize a few new matrix pencil variants to determine DDE stability. Finally, the recognition of the new types of eigenvalue problem opens a door to efficient computation of DDE stability.


Painlev\'e V and a Pollaczek-Jacobi type orthogonal polynomials

Abstract: We study a sequence of polynomials orthogonal with respect to a one parameter family of weights $$ w(x):=w(x,t)=\rex^{-t/x}\:x^{\al}(1-x)^{\bt},\quad t\geq 0, $$ defined for $x\in[0,1].$ If $t=0,$ this reduces to a shifted Jacobi weight. Our ladder operator formalism and the associated compatibility conditions give an easy determination of the recurrence coefficients. For $t>0,$ the factor $\rex^{-t/x}$ induces an infinitely strong zero at $x=0.$ With the aid of the compatibility conditions, the recurrence coefficients are expressed in terms of a set of auxiliary quantities that satisfy a system of difference equations. These, when suitably combined with a pair of Toda-like equations derived from the orthogonality principle, show that the auxiliary quantities are a particular Painlev\'e V and/or allied functions. It is also shown that the logarithmic derivative of the Hankel determinant, $$ D_n(t):=\det(\int_{0}^{1} x^{i+j} \:\rex^{-t/x}\:x^{\al}(1-x)^{\bt}dx)_{i,j=0}^{n-1}, $$ satisfies the Jimbo-Miwa-Okamoto $\sigma-$form of the Painlev\'e V and that the same quantity satisfies a second order non-linear difference equation which we believe to be new.


Some extensions of the class of $k$-convex bodies

Abstract: We study relations of some classes of $k$-convex, $k$-visible bodies in Euclidean spaces. We introduce and study \textrm{circular projections} in normed linear spaces and classes of bodies related with families of such maps, in particular, \textrm{$k$-circular convex} and \textrm{$k$-circular visible} ones. Investigation of these bodies more general than $k$-convex and $k$-visible ones allows us to generalize some classical results of geometric tomography and find their new applications.


The group of isometries of a Banach space and duality

Abstract: We construct an example of a real Banach space whose group of surjective isometries has no uniformly continuous one-parameter semigroups, but the group of surjective isometries of its dual contains infinitely many of them. Other examples concerning numerical index, hermitian operators and dissipative operators are also shown.


A Jacobi algorithm for distributed model predictive control of dynamically coupled systems

Abstract: In this paper we introduce an iterative Jacobi algorithm for solving distributed model predictive control (DMPC) problems, with linear coupled dynamics and convex coupled constraints. The algorithm guarantees stability and persistent feasibility, and we provide a localized procedure for constructing an initial feasible solution by constraint tightening. Moreover, we show that the solution of the iterative process converges to the centralized MPC solution. The proposed iterative approach involves solving local optimization problems consisting of only few subsystems, depending on the choice of the designer and the sparsity of dynamical and constraint couplings. The gain in the overall computational load compared to the centralized problem is balanced by the increased communication requirements. This makes our approach more applicable to situations where the number of subsystems is large, the coupling is sparse, and local communication is relatively fast and cheap. A numerical example illustrates the effects of the local problem size, and the number of iterations on convergence to the centralized solution.


Raccord sur les espaces de Berkovich

Abstract: Let $X$ be a Berkovich space over a valued field. We prove that every finite group is a Galois group over $\Ms(B)(T)$, where $\Ms(B)$ is the field of meromorphic functions over a part $B$ of $X$ satisfying some conditions. This gives a new geometric proof that every finite group is a Galois group over $K(T)$, where $K$ is a complete valued field with non-trivial valuation. Then we switch to Berkovich spaces over ${\bf Z}$ and use a similar strategy to give a new proof of the following theorem by D. Harbater: every finite group is a Galois group over a field of convergent arithmetic power series. We believe our proof to be more geometric and elementary that the original one. We have included the necessary background on Berkovich spaces over ${\bf Z}$.


Decompositions of the tensor products of irreducible sl(2)-modules in characteristic 3

Abstract: We completely describe the decompositions (into indecomposable submodules) of the tensor products of irreducible sl(2)-modules in characteristic 3. The answer resembles analogous decompositions for the Lie superalgebra sl(1|1).


A hypergraph regularity method for generalised Turan problems

Abstract: We describe a method that we believe may be foundational for a comprehensive theory of generalised Turan problems. The cornerstone of our approach is a quasirandom counting lemma for quasirandom hypergraphs, which extends the standard counting lemma by not only counting copies of a particular configuration but also showing that these copies are evenly distributed. We demonstrate the power of the method by proving a conjecture of Mubayi on the codegree threshold of the Fano plane, that any 3-graph on n vertices for which every pair of vertices is contained in more than n/2 edges must contain a Fano plane, for n sufficiently large. For projective planes over fields of odd size q we show that the codegree threshold is between n/2-q+1 and n/2, but for PG_2(4) we find the somewhat surprising phenomenon that the threshold is less than (1/2-c)n for some small c>0. We conclude by setting out a program for future developments of this method to tackle other problems.


RCF1: Theories of PR Maps and Partial PR Maps

Abstract: We give to the categorical theory PR of Primitive Recursion a logically simple, algebraic presentation, via equations between maps, plus one genuine Horner type schema, namely Freyd's uniqueness of the initialised iterated. Free Variables are introduced - formally - as another names for projections. Predicates \chi: A -> 2 admit interpretation as (formal) Objects {A|\chi} of a surrounding Theory PRA = PR + (abstr) : schema (abstr) formalises this predicate abstraction into additional Objects. Categorical Theory P\hat{R}_A \sqsupset PR_A \sqsupset PR then is the Theory of formally partial PR-maps, having Theory PR_A embedded. This Theory P\hat{R}_A bears the structure of a (still) diagonal monoidal category. It is equivalent to "the" categorical theory of \mu-recursion (and of while loops), viewed as partial PR maps. So the present approach to partial maps sheds new light on Church's Thesis, "embedded" into a Free-Variables, formally variable-free (categorical) framework.


School evasion: A hard reality

Abstract: The present work has as objective to show the profile of students who abandoned the studies in a High School, located in Sao Joao de Meriti city, municipal district of Rio de Janeiro state, by means of statistical analysis. The presented indices portray an undesirable reality with almost 20% school evasion, beyond showing that more the half of the students not standing in adequate series. Keywords: School evasion, High Schools, Educational Statistics.


Sports scheduling for not all pairs of teams

Abstract: We consider the following sports scheduling problem. Consider $2n$ teams in a sport league. Each pair of teams must play exactly one match in $2n-1$ days. That is, $n$ games are held simultaneously in a day. We want to make a schedule which has $n(2n-1)$ games for $2n-1$ days. When we make a schedule, the schedule must satisfy a constraint according to the HAP table, which designates a home game or an away game for each team and each date. Two teams cannot play against each other unless one team is assigned to a home game and the other team is assigned to an away game. Recently, D. Briskorn proposed a necessary condition for a HAP table to have a proper schedule. And he proposed a conjecture that such a condition is also sufficient. That is, if a solution to the linear inequalities exists, they must have an integral solution. In this paper, we rewrite his conjecture by using perfect matchings. We consider a monoid in the affine space generated by perfect matchings. In terms of the Hilbert basis of such a monoid, the problem is naturally generalized to a scheduling problem for not all pairs of teams described by a regular graph. In this paper, we show a regular graph such that the corresponding linear inequalities have a solution but do not have any integral solution. Moreover we discuss for which regular graphs the statement generalizing the conjecture holds.


Parking functions and vertex operators

Abstract: We introduce several associative algebras and series of vector spaces associated to these algebras. Using lattice vertex operators, we obtain dimension and character formulae for these spaces. In particular, we a series of representations of symmetric groups which turn out to be isomorphic to parking function modules. We also construct series of vector spaces whose dimensions are Catalan numbers and Fuss--Catalan numbers respectively. Conjecturally, these spaces are related to spaces of global sections of vector bundles on (zero fibres of) Hilbert schemes and representations of rational Cherednik algebras.


In whose mind is Mathematics an "a priori cognition"?

Abstract: According to the philosopher Kant, Mathematics is an "a priori cognition". Kant's assumption, together with the unsolvability of Hilbert's 10th problem, implies an astonishing result.


Grassmannian Estimation

Abstract: This paper discusses the family of distributions on the Grassmannian of the linear span of r central gaussian vectors parametrized by the covariance matrix. Our main result is an existence and uniqueness criterion for the maximum likelihood estimate of a sample.


Understanding Weil-Petersson curvature

Abstract: A brief history of the investigation of the Weil-Petersson curvature and a summary of Teichm\"{u}ller theory are provided. A report is presented on the program to describe an intrinsic geometry with the Weil-Petersson metric and geodesic-length functions. Formulas for the metric, covariant derivative and formulas for the curvature tensor are presented. A discussion of methods is included. Recent and new applications are sketched, including results from the work of Liu-Sun-Yau, an examination of the Yamada model metric and a description of Jacobi fields along geodesics to the boundary.


Some limit theorems for rescaled Wick powers

Abstract: We establish the strong L2(P)-convergence of properly rescaled Wick powers as the power index tends to infinity. The explicit representation of such limit will also provide the convergence in distribution to normal and log-normal random variables. The proofs rely on some estimates for the L2(P)-norm of Wick products and on the properties of second quantization operators.


Finitely presented residually free groups

Abstract: We establish a general criterion for the finite presentability of subdirect products of groups and use this to characterize finitely presented residually free groups. We prove that, for all $n\in\mathbb{N}$, a residually free group is of type ${\rm{FP}}_n$ if and only if it is of type ${\rm{F}}_n$. New families of subdirect products of free groups are constructed, including the first examples of finitely presented subgroups that are neither ${\rm{FP}}_\infty$ nor of Stallings-Bieri type. The template for these examples leads to a more constructive characterization of finitely presented residually free groups up to commensurability. We show that the class of finitely presented residually free groups is recursively enumerable and present a reduction of the isomorphism problem. A new algorithm is described which, given a finite presentation of a residually free group, constructs a canonical embedding into a direct product of finitely many limit groups. The (multiple) conjugacy and membership problems for finitely presented subgroups of residually free groups are solved.


Surgical distance between lens spaces

Abstract: It is well-known that any pair of closed orientable 3-manifolds are related by a finite sequence of Dehn surgeries on knots. Furthermore Kawauchi showed that such knots can be taken to be hyperbolic. In this article, we consider the minimal length of such sequences connecting a pair of 3-manifolds, in particular, a pair of lens spaces.


A note on certain Kronecker coefficients

Abstract: We prove an explicit formula for the tensor product with itself of an irreducible complex representation of the symmetric group defined by a rectangle of height two. We also describe part of the decomposition for the tensor product of representations defined by rectangles of heights two and four. Our results are deduced, through Schur-Weyl duality, from the observation that certain actions on triple tensor products of vector spaces, are multiplicity free.


Chirplet approximation of band-limited, real signals made easy

Abstract: In this paper we present algorithms for approximating real band-limited signals by multiple Gaussian Chirps. These algorithms do not rely on matching pursuit ideas. They are hierarchial and, at each stage, the number of terms in a given approximation depends only on the number of positive-valued maxima and negative-valued minima of a signed amplitude function characterizing part of the signal. Like the algorithms used in \cite{gre2} and unlike previous methods, our chirplet approximations require neither a complete dictionary of chirps nor complicated multi-dimensional searches to obtain suitable choices of chirp parameters.


New examples of finitely presented groups with strong fixed point properties

Abstract: The aim of this note is to give an easy example of a finitely presented group that cannot act without a fix point on a CAT(0) space of finite dimension. Such an example has been recently constructed by Arjantseva et al., using other techniques


Cremona transformations and diffeomorphisms of surfaces

Abstract: We show that the action of Cremona transformations on the real points of quadrics exhibits the full complexity of the diffeomorphisms of the sphere, the torus, and of all non-orientable surfaces. The main result says that if X is rational, then Aut(X), the group of algebraic automorphisms, is dense in Diff(X), the group of self-diffeomorphisms of X.


Weighted graphs defining facets: a connection between stable set and linear ordering polytopes

Abstract: A graph is alpha-critical if its stability number increases whenever an edge is removed from its edge set. The class of alpha-critical graphs has several nice structural properties, most of them related to their defect which is the number of vertices minus two times the stability number. In particular, a remarkable result of Lov\'asz (1978) is the finite basis theorem for alpha-critical graphs of a fixed defect. The class of alpha-critical graphs is also of interest for at least two topics of polyhedral studies. First, Chv\'atal (1975) shows that each alpha-critical graph induces a rank inequality which is facet-defining for its stable set polytope. Investigating a weighted generalization, Lipt\'ak and Lov\'asz (2000, 2001) introduce critical facet-graphs (which again produce facet-defining inequalities for their stable set polytopes) and they establish a finite basis theorem. Second, Koppen (1995) describes a construction that delivers from any alpha-critical graph a facet-defining inequality for the linear ordering polytope. Doignon, Fiorini and Joret (2006) handle the weighted case and thus define facet-defining graphs. Here we investigate relationships between the two weighted generalizations of alpha-critical graphs. We show that facet-defining graphs (for the linear ordering polytope) are obtainable from 1-critical facet-graphs (linked with stable set polytopes). We then use this connection to derive various results on facet-defining graphs, the most prominent one being derived from Lipt\'ak and Lov\'asz's finite basis theorem for critical facet-graphs. At the end of the paper we offer an alternative proof of Lov\'asz's finite basis theorem for alpha-critical graphs.


Near universal cycles for subsets exist

Abstract: Let S be a cyclic n-ary sequence. We say that S is a {\it universal cycle} ((n,k)-Ucycle) for k-subsets of [n] if every such subset appears exactly once contiguously in S, and is a Ucycle packing if every such subset appears at most once. Few examples of Ucycles are known to exist, so the relaxation to packings merits investigation. A family {S_n} of (n,k)-Ucycle packings for fixed k is a near-Ucycle if the length of S_n is $(1-o(1))\binom{n}{k}$. In this paper we prove that near-(n,k)-Ucycles exist for all k.


Characterizations of lattice surfaces

Abstract: We answer a question of Vorobets by showing that the lattice property for flat surfaces is equivalent to the existence of a positive lower bound for the areas of affine triangles. We show that the set of affine equivalence classes of lattice surfaces with a fixed positive lower bound for the areas of triangles is finite and we obtain explicit bounds on its cardinality. We deduce several other characterizations of the lattice property.


Twisted geometric Satake equivalence

Abstract: We generalize the classical Satake equivalence as follows. Let k be an algebraically closed field, set O=k[[t]] and F=k((t)). For an almost simple algebraic group G we classify central extensions of G(F) by the multiplicative group. Any such extension E splits canonically over G(O). Consider the category of G(O)-biinvariant perverse sheaves on E with a given Gm-monodromy . We show that this is a tensor category, which is tensor equivalent to the category of representations of a reductive group. We compute the root datum of this group.


Frobenius map for quintic threefolds

Abstract: We calculate the matrix of the Frobenius map on the middle dimensional cohomology of the one parameter family that is related by mirror symmetry to the family of all quintic threefolds.


Universality in Complex Wishart ensembles: The 2 cut case

Abstract: We studied the universality of Wishart ensembles whose covariance matrix has 2 distinct eigenvalues. We studied the asymptotic limit when the number of both eigenvalues goes to infinity and obtained universality results. In this case, the limiting eigenvalue distribution can be supported on 1 or 2 disjoint intervals. We obtained a necessary and sufficient condition on the parameters such that the limiting distribution is supported on 2 disjoint intervals and have computed the eigenvalue density in the limit. Furthermore, by using Riemann-Hilbert analysis, we have shown that under proper rescaling of the eigenvalues, the limiting correlation kernel is given by the sine kernel and the Airy kernel in the bulk and the edge of the spectrum respectively. As a consequence, the behavior of the largest eigenvalue in this model is described by the Tracy-Widom distribution.


Polyfolds And A General Fredholm Theory

Abstract: We survey a very general (nonlinear) Fredholm theory for a new class of ambient spaces, called polyfolds. This theory is being currently developed jointly with K. Wysocki and E. Zehnder. The basic feature of these new spaces is that in general they may have locally varying dimensions. These new spaces are needed for a functional analytic treatment of nonlinear problems involving analytic limiting behavior. This theory is applicable to Gromov-Witten and Floer Theory as well as Symplectic Field Theory.


Locally connected models for Julia sets

Abstract: Let $P$ be a polynomial with a connected Julia set $J$. We use continuum theory to show that it admits a \emph{finest monotone map $\ph$ onto a locally connected continuum $J_{\sim_P}$}, i.e. a monotone map $\ph:J\to J_{\sim_P}$ such that for any other monotone map $\psi:J\to J'$ there exists a monotone map $h$ with $\psi=h\circ \ph$. Then we extend $\ph$ onto the complex plane $\C$ (keeping the same notation) and show that $\ph$ monotonically semiconjugates $P|_{\C}$ to a \emph{topological polynomial $g:\C\to \C$}. If $P$ does not have Siegel or Cremer periodic points this gives an alternative proof of Kiwi's fundamental results on locally connected models of dynamics on the Julia sets, but the results hold for all polynomials with connected Julia sets. We also give a criterion and a useful sufficient condition for the map $\ph$ not to collapse $J$ into a point.


An analogue of the Narasimhan-Seshadri theorem and some applications

Abstract: We prove an analogue in higher dimensions of the classical Narasimhan-Seshadri theorem for strongly stable vector bundles of degree 0 on a smooth projective variety $X$ with a fixed ample line bundle $\Theta$. As applications, over fields of characteristic zero, we give a new proof of the main theorem in a recent paper of Balaji and Koll\'ar and derive an effective version of this theorem; over uncountable fields of positive characteristics, if $G$ is a simple and simply connected algebraic group and the characteristic of the field is bigger than the Coxeter index of $G$, we prove the existence of strongly stable principal $G$ bundles on smooth projective surfaces whose holonomy group is the whole of $G$.


A note on stability conditions for planar switched systems

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the stability problem for the planar linear switched system $\dot x(t)=u(t)A_1x(t)+(1-u(t))A_2x(t)$, where the real matrices $A_1,A_2\in \R^{2\times 2}$ are Hurwitz and $u(\cdot) [0,\infty[\to\{0,1\}$ is a measurable function. We give coordinate-invariant necessary and sufficient conditions on $A_1$ and $A_2$ under which the system is asymptotically stable for arbitrary switching functions $u(\cdot)$. The new conditions unify those given in previous papers and are simpler to be verified since we are reduced to study 4 cases instead of 20. Most of the cases are analyzed in terms of the function $\Gamma(A_1,A_2)={1/2}(\tr(A_1) \tr(A_2)- \tr(A_1A_2))$.


Test for reality of algebraic functions

Abstract: In this paper is proved that a complex algebraic function on complexification of a real algebraic curve is equivalent to real algebraic function, if and only if the divisor of preimage of critical values is stable under the involution of complex conjugation.


Optimal Risk Sharing under Distorted Probabilities

Abstract: We study optimal risk sharing among $n$ agents endowed with distortion risk measures. Our model includes market frictions that can either represent linear transaction costs or risk premia charged by a clearing house for the agents. Risk sharing under third-party constraints is also considered. We obtain an explicit formula for Pareto optimal allocations. In particular, we find that a stop-loss or deductible risk sharing is optimal in the case of two agents and several common distortion functions. This extends recent result of Jouini et al. (2006) to the problem with unbounded risks and market frictions.


Survival tree and meld to predict long term survival in liver transplantation waiting list

Abstract: Background: Many authors have described MELD as a predictor of short-term mortality in the liver transplantation waiting list. However MELD score accuracy to predict long term mortality has not been statistically evaluated. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the MELD score as well as other variables as a predictor of long-term mortality using a new model: the Survival Tree analysis. Study Design and Setting: The variables obtained at the time of liver transplantation list enrollment and considered in this study are: sex, age, blood type, body mass index, etiology of liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, waiting time for transplant and MELD. Mortality on the waiting list is the outcome. Exclusion, transplantation or still in the transplantation list at the end of the study are censored data. Results: The graphical representation of the survival trees showed that the most statistically significant cut off is related to MELD score at point 16. Conclusion: The results are compatible with the cut off point of MELD indicated in the clinical literature.


A criterion on instability of rotating cylindrical surfaces

Abstract: We consider a column of a rotating stationary surface in Euclidean space. We obtain a value $l_0>0$ in such way that if the length $l$ of column satisfies $l>l_0$, then the surface is instable. This extends, in some sense, previous results due to Plateau and Rayleigh for columns of surfaces with constant mean curvature.


A comparison result for radial solutions of the mean curvature equation

Abstract: We establish two comparison results between the solutions of a class of mean curvature equations and pieces of arcs of circles that satisfy the same Neumann boundary condition. Finally we present a number of examples where our estimates can be applied, some of them have a physical motivation.


Artinianness of local cohomology modules

Abstract: Let $A$ be a noetherian ring, $\fa$ an ideal of $A$, and $M$ an $A$--module. Some uniform theorems on the artinianness of certain local cohomology modules are proven in a general situation. They generalize and imply previous results about the artinianness of some special local cohomology modules in the graded case.


Boolean Factor Congruences and Property (*)

Abstract: A variety V has Boolean factor congruences (BFC) if the set of factor congruences of every algebra in V is a distributive sublattice of its congruence lattice; this property holds in rings with unit and in every variety which has a semilattice operation. BFC has a prominent role in the study of uniqueness of direct product representations of algebras, since it is a strengthening of the refinement property. We provide an explicit Mal'cev condition for BFC. With the aid of this condition, it is shown that BFC is equivalent to a variant of the definability property (*), an open problem in R. Willard's work ("Varieties Having Boolean Factor Congruences," J. Algebra, 132 (1990)).


Minimizers of Convex Functionals Arising in Random Surfaces

Abstract: We investigate regularity of minimizers in two dimensions for certain classes of non-smooth convex functionals. In particular our results apply to the surface tensions that appear in recent works on random surfaces and random tilings of Kenyon, Okounkov and others


Stationary rotating surfaces in Euclidean space

Abstract: A stationary rotating surface is a compact surface in Euclidean space whose mean curvature $H$ at each point $x$ satisfies $2H(x)=a r^2+b$, where $r$ is the distance from $x$ to a fixed straight-line $L$, and $a$ and $b$ are constants. These surfaces are solutions of a variational problem that describes the shape of a drop of incompressible fluid in equilibrium by the action of surface tension when it rotates about $L$ with constant angular velocity. The effect of gravity is neglected. In this paper we study the geometric configurations of such surfaces, focusing the relationship between the geometry of the surface and the one of its boundary. As special cases, we will consider two families of such surfaces: axisymmetric surfaces and embedded surfaces with planar boundary.


Parabolic Weingarten surfaces in hyperbolic space

Abstract: A surface in hyperbolic space $\h^3$ invariant by a group of parabolic isometries is called a parabolic surface. In this paper we investigate parabolic surfaces of $\h^3$ that satisfy a linear Weingarten relation of the form $a\kappa_1+b\kappa_2=c$ or $aH+bK=c$, where $a,b,c\in \r$ and, as usual, $\kappa_i$ are the principal curvatures, $H$ is the mean curvature and $K$ is de Gaussian curvature. We classify all parabolic linear Weingarten surfaces in hyperbolic space.


Factor Congruences in Semilattices

Abstract: We characterize factor congruences in semilattices by using generalized notions of order ideal and of direct sum of ideals. When the semilattice has a minimum (maximum) element, these generalized ideals turn into ordinary (dual) ideals.


Free Araki-Woods factors and Connes' bicentralizer problem

Abstract: We show that for any free Araki-Woods factor $\mathcal{M} = \Gamma(H_\R, U_t)"$ of type ${\rm III_1}$, the bicentralizer of the free quasi-free state $\varphi_U$ is trivial. Using Haagerup's Theorem, it follows that there always exists a faithful normal state $\psi$ on $\mathcal{M}$ such that $(\mathcal{M}^\psi)' \cap \mathcal{M} = \C$.


Local minimizers and low energy paths in a model of material microstructure with a surface energy term

Abstract: A family of integral functionals F which, in a simplified way, model material microstructure occupying a two-dimensional domain D and which take account of surface energy and a variable well-depth is studied. It is shown that there is a critical well-depth, whose scaling with the surface energy density and domain dimensions is given, below which the state u=0 is the global minimizer of a typical f in the class F. It is also shown that u=0 is a strict local minimizer of f in the sense that if a non-zero v is admissible and either its L2 norm or the meaure of the subset of D where |v_{y}| exceeds 1 is sufficiently small (with quantitative bounds given in terms of the parameters appearing in the energy functional f) then f(v) > f(0). Low energy paths between u=0 and the global minimizer (in the case of a sufficiently large well-depth) are given such that the cost of introducing small regions where |v_{y}| is larger 1 (analogous to nucleation of martensite in austenite) into the domain D can be made arbitrarily small.


The Total Gauss Curvature of a Three-Manifold Immersed in r 4

Abstract: This paper has been removed. It is already a well known result.


Multiplicity results for the assigned Gauss curvature problem in R2

Abstract: To study the problem of the assigned Gauss curvature with conical singularities on Riemanian manifolds, we consider the Liouville equation with a single Dirac measure on the two-dimensional sphere. By a stereographic projection, we reduce the problem to a Liouville equation on the euclidean plane. We prove new multiplicity results for bounded radial solutions, which improve on earlier results of C.-S. Lin and his collaborators. Based on numerical computations, we also present various conjectures on the number of unbounded solutions. Using symmetries, some multiplicity results for non radial solutions are also stated.


Properties of Koszul homology modules

Abstract: We investigate various module-theoretic properties of Koszul homology under mild conditions. These include their depth, $S_2$-property and their Bass numbers


A note on ccc forcings

Abstract: The aim of this short note is to communicate a simple solution to the problem posed in [1] as Question 7.2.7: is it true that for every ccc $\sigma$-ideal I any I-positive Borel set contains modulo I an I-positive closed set?


A class of unbiased location invariant Hill-type estimators for heavy tailed distributions

Abstract: Based on the methods provided in Caeiro and Gomes (2002) and Fraga Alves (2001), a new class of location invariant Hill-type estimators is derived in this paper. Its asymptotic distributional representation and asymptotic normality are presented, and the optimal choice of sample fraction by Mean Squared Error is also discussed for some special cases. Finally comparison studies are provided for some familiar models by Monte Carlo simulations.


On spectral minimal partitions II, the case of the rectangle

Abstract: In continuation of \cite{HHOT}, we discuss the question of spectral minimal 3-partitions for the rectangle $]-\frac a2,\frac a2[\times ] -\frac b2,\frac b2[ $, with $0< a\leq b$. It has been observed in \cite{HHOT} that when $0<\frac ab < \sqrt{\frac 38}$ the minimal 3-partition is obtained by the three nodal domains of the third eigenfunction corresponding to the three rectangles $]-\frac a2,\frac a2[\times ] -\frac b2,-\frac b6[$, $]-\frac a2,\frac a2[\times ] -\frac b6,\frac b6[$ and $]-\frac a2,\frac a2[\times ] \frac b6, \frac b2[$. We will describe a possible mechanism of transition for increasing $\frac ab$ between these nodal minimal 3-partitions and non nodal minimal 3-partitions at the value $ \sqrt{\frac 38}$ and discuss the existence of symmetric candidates for giving minimal 3-partitions when $ \sqrt{\frac 38}<\frac ab \leq 1$. Numerical analysis leads very naturally to nice questions of isospectrality which are solved by introducing Aharonov-Bohm Hamiltonians or by going on the double covering of the punctured rectangle.


RCF2: Evaluation and Consistency

Abstract: We construct here an iterative evaluation of all PR map codes: progress of this iteration is measured by descending complexity within "Ordinal" O := N[\omega] of polynomials in one indeterminate, ordered lexicographically. Non-infinit descent of such iterations is added as a mild additional axiom schema (\pi_O) to Theory PR_A = PR+(abstr) of Primitive Recursion with predicate abstraction, out of forgoing part RCF 1. This then gives (correct) "on"-termination of iterative evaluation of argumented deduction trees as well, for theories PR_A+(\pi_O). By means of this constructive evaluation the Main Theorem is proved, on Termination-conditioned (Inner) Soundness for such theories, Ordinal O extending N[\omega]. As a consequence we get Self-Consistency for these theories, namely derivation of its own free-variable Consistency formula. As to expect from classical setting, Self-Consistency gives (unconditioned) Objective Soundness. Termination-Conditioned Soundness holds "already" for PR_A, but it turns out that at least present derivation of Consistency from this conditioned Soundness depends on schema (\pi_O) of non-infinit descent in Ordinal O := \N[\omega].


On the geometry of the normal bundle with a metric of Cheeger-Gromoll type

Abstract: We investigate the geometry of a normal bundle equipped with a $(p,q)$-metric, i.e., Riemannian metric of Cheeger-Gromoll type, to the submanifold of a Riemannian manifold. We derive all natural object as the Levi-Civita connection, curvature tensor, sectional and scalar curvature. We prove that under some natural conditions the sectional curvature of this bundle may be bounded from below by given arbitrary large positive constant. Next we investigate $(p,q)$-metrics from the complex geometry point of view. We show when the normal bundle can by equipped with a structure of almost Hermitian, almost K\"ahlerian, conformally almost K\"ahlerian or K\"ahlerian manifold.


Vector bundles on Sasakian manifolds

Abstract: We investigate the analog of holomorphic vector bundles in the context of Sasakian manifolds.


A globally accelerated numerical method for optical tomography with continuous wave source

Abstract: A new numerical method for an inverse problem for an elliptic equation with unknown potential is proposed. In this problem the point source is running along a straight line and the source-dependent Dirichlet boundary condition is measured as the data for the inverse problem. A rigorous convergence analysis shows that this method converges globally, provided that the so-called tail function is approximated well. This approximation is verified in numerical experiments, so as the global convergence. Applications to medical imaging, imaging of targets on battlefields and to electrical impedance tomography are discussed.


Maximal monotonicity, conjugation and the duality product in non-reflexive Banach spaces

Abstract: Maximal monotone operators on a Banach space into its dual can be represented by convex functions bounded below by the duality product. It is natural to ask under which conditions a convex function represents a maximal monotone operator. A satisfactory answer, in the context of reflexive Banach spaces, has been obtained some years ago. Recently, a partial result on non-reflexive Banach spaces was obtained. In this work we study some others conditions which guarantee that a convex function represents a maximal monotone operator in non-reflexive Banach spaces.


Multilevel Discretized Random Field Models with "Spin" Correlations for the Simulation of Environmental Spatial Data

Abstract: A problem of practical significance is the analysis of large, spatially distributed data sets. The problem is more challenging for variables that follow non-Gaussian distributions. We show that the spatial correlations between variables can be captured by interactions between "spins". The spins represent multilevel discretizations of the initial field with respect to a number of pre-defined thresholds. The spatial dependence between the "spins" is imposed by means of short-range interactions. We present two approaches, inspired by the Ising and Potts models, that generate conditional simulations from samples with missing data. The simulations of the "spin system" are forced to respect locally the sample values and the system statistics globally. We compare the two approaches in terms of their ability to reproduce the sample statistical properties, to predict data at unsampled locations, as well as in terms of their computational complexity. We discuss the impact of relevant simulation parameters, such as the domain size, the number of discretization levels, and the initial conditions.


Stein Spaces Characterized by their Endomorphisms

Abstract: Finite dimensional Stein spaces admitting a proper holomorphic embedding of the complex line are characterized, among all complex spaces, by their holomorphic endomorphism semigroup in the sense that any semigroup isomorphism induces either a biholomorphic or an antibiholomorphic map between them.